Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 4.3
Directus is an Open Redirect in Admin 2FA Setup Page
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Prior to 11.16.1, Directus is vulnerable to an open redirect via the redirect query parameter on the /admin/tfa-setup page. When an administrator who has not yet configured Two-F…
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Medium 6.1
Directus has an Open Redirect via Parser Bypass in OAuth2/SAML Authentication Flow
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. Prior to 11.16.1, an open redirect vulnerability exists in the login redirection logic. The isLoginRedirectAllowed function fails to correctly identify certain malformed URLs as …
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Medium 4.7
Open edX Platform has an Open Redirect in Survey Views via Unvalidated redirect_url Parameter
Open edX Platform enables the authoring and delivery of online learning at any scale. The view_survey endpoint accepts a redirect_url GET parameter that is passed directly to HttpResponseRedirect() without any URL validation. When a non-existent survey name i…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - backup redirection — Unvalidated $_GET['redirect']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, the redirect parameter is taken directly from $_GET with no URL validation or whitelist check, then used verbatim in a header("Location: ...") call. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.6.9.
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - atualizacao redirection - Unvalidated $_GET['redirect']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, open redirect has been found in WeGIA webapp. The redirect parameter is taken directly from $_GET with no URL validation or whitelist check, then used verbatim in a header("Location: ...") ca…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - IentradaControle - listarId() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - EstoqueControle - listarTodos() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - OrigemControle - listarTodos() & listarId_Nome() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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Medium 5.1
WeGIA - Open Redirect - IsaidaControle - listarId() - Unvalidated $_GET['nextPage']
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.6.9, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the /WeGIA/controle/control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically through the nextPage parameter when combined with metodo=lista…
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High —
Authorizer: Password reset token theft and full auth token redirect via unvalidated redirect_uri
Hi, I found that 6 endpoints in Authorizer accept a user-controlled `redirect_uri` and append sensitive tokens to it without validating the URL against `AllowedOrigins`. The OAuth `/app` handler validates redirect_uri at `http_handlers/app.go:46`, but the Gra…
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High 8.8
DOM-Based XSS in Homarr /auth/login Redirect
Homarr is an open-source dashboard. Prior to 1.57.0, a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability has been discovered in Homarr's /auth/login page. The application improperly trusts a URL parameter (callbackUrl), which is passed to redirect and router…
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Medium 6.1
An open redirect in Ascertia SigningHub User v10.0 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via a crafted…
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High 7.5
7 Tik 1.0.1.0 Denial of Service via Search
7 Tik 1.0.1.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by submitting excessively long input strings to the search functionality. Attackers can paste a buffer of 7700 characters into the search bar to trigger an…
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Medium 5.1
JupyterHub has an Open Redirect Vulnerability
JupyterHub is software that allows one to create a multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. Prior to version 5.4.4, an open redirect vulnerability in JupyterHub allows attackers to construct links which, when clicked, take users to the JupyterHub login page, …
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Medium 4.3
Casdoor OAuth Authorization Request redirect
A vulnerability was identified in Casdoor 2.356.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component OAuth Authorization Request Handler. Such manipulation of the argument redirect_uri leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the a…
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High 8.5
hoppscotch: Improper loopback redirect_uri validation in device-login flow
hoppscotch is an open source API development ecosystem. Prior to version 2026.3.0, there is an open redirect vulnerability that leads to token exfiltration. With these tokens, the attacker can sign in as the victim to takeover their account. This issue has be…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-34847 Scanner template
hoppscotch: Open redirect via `/enter?redirect=`
hoppscotch is an open source API development ecosystem. Prior to version 2026.3.0, the /enter page contains a DOM-based open redirect vulnerability. The redirect query parameter is directly used to construct a URL and redirect the user without proper validati…
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Medium 6.1
signalk-server: OAuth Authorization Code Theft via Unvalidated Host Header in OIDC Flow
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, SignalK Server contains a code-level vulnerability in its OIDC login and logout handlers where the unvalidated HTTP Host header is used to construct the OAu…
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High 7.3
Keycloak: keycloak: information disclosure due to redirect_uri validation bypass
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue allows an attacker, who controls another path on the same web server, to bypass the allowed path in redirect Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) that use a wildcard. A successful attack may lead to the theft of an acce…
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Low 3.1
Security Vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access Container 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access Container 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.2 and IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.1 could allow a remote attacker to co…
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Medium 6.3
XenForo Open Redirect via getDynamicRedirect
XenForo before 2.2.17 and 2.3.1 allows open redirect via a specially crafted URL. The getDynamicRedirect() function does not adequately validate the redirect target, allowing attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external sites using crafted URLs containin…
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Medium 5.4
FreeScout: Host Header Injection Leading to External Resource Loading and Open Redirect in FreeScout
FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to version 1.8.211, host header manipulation in FreeScout version (http://localhost:8080/system/status) allows an attacker to inject an arbitrary domain into generated ab…
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Medium 5.1
Discourse: Open redirect via `sso_destination_url` cookie in `enter`
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. From versions 2026.1.0-latest to before 2026.1.3, 2026.2.0-latest to before 2026.2.2, and 2026.3.0-latest to before 2026.3.0, the enter action in StaticController reads the sso_destination_url cookie and redire…
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Medium 4.3
Open redirect vulnerability in Search Guard Kibana Plugin via manipulated requests
In Search Guard FLX up to version 4.0.1, it is possible to use specially crafted requests to redirect the user to an untrusted URL.
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Medium 6.1
Statamic has an Open Redirect on unauthenticated endpoints via URL parsing differential
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to versions 5.73.16 and 6.7.2, the external URL detection used for redirect validation on unauthenticated endpoints could be bypassed, allowing users to be redirected to external URL…
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Medium 4.3CVE-2026-33868 Scanner template
Mastodon has a GET-Based Open Redirect via '/web/%2F<domain>'
Mastodon is a free, open-source social network server based on ActivityPub. Prior to versions 4.5.8, 4.4.15, and 4.3.21, an unauthenticated Open Redirect vulnerability (CWE-601) exists in the `/web/*` route due to improper handling of URL-encoded path segment…
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High 8.8
DOM-Based XSS in Ory Polis Login Page
Ory Polis, formerly known as BoxyHQ Jackson, bridges or proxies a SAML login flow to OAuth 2.0 or OpenID Connect. Versions prior to 26.2.0 contain a DOM-based Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Ory Polis's login functionality. The application imprope…
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Medium 6.9
Angular SSR Vulnerable to Protocol-Relative URL Injection via Single Backslash Bypass
The Angular SSR is a server-rise rendering tool for Angular applications. Versions on the 22.x branch prior to 22.0.0-next.2, the 21.x branch prior to 21.2.3, and the 20.x branch prior to 20.3.21 have an Open Redirect vulnerability in `@angular/ssr` due to an…
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect Vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator
Open Redirect vulnerability in Hitachi Ops Center Administrator.This issue affects Hitachi Ops Center Administrator: from 10.2.0 before 11.0.8.
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Low 2.1
AVideo has an Open Redirect via Unvalidated redirectUri in userLogin.php
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Prior to version 26.0, WWBN/AVideo contains an open redirect vulnerability in the login flow where a user-supplied redirectUri parameter is reflected directly into a JavaScript `document.location` assignment witho…
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Medium 5.4
SuiteCRM has Unauthenticated Open Redirect in Leads WebToLead Capture
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. Prior to versions 7.15.1 and 8.9.3, SuiteCRM contains an unauthenticated open redirect vulnerability in the WebToLead capture functionality. A user-suppl…
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Medium 6.9
URL redirection in Samsung Account prior to version 15.5.01.1 allows local attackers to potentially get access token.
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Medium 4.9
Mirror-registry: quay: quay: server-side request forgery via open redirect vulnerability in web interface
A flaw was found in mirror-registry where an authenticated user can trick the system into accessing unintended internal or restricted systems by providing malicious web addresses. When the application processes these addresses, it automatically follows redire…
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Medium 5.9
@backstage/plugin-auth-backend: OAuth redirect URI allowlist bypass
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 0.27.1, the experimental OIDC provider in @backstage/plugin-auth-backend is vulnerable to a redirect URI allowlist bypass. Instances that have enabled experimental Dynamic Client Registra…
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Medium 6.1
WellChoose｜IFTOP - Open redirect
IFTOP developed by WellChoose has an Open redirect vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to craft a URL that tricks users into visiting malicious website.
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Medium 6.5
Unauthenticated Open Redirect allows URL Manipulation in Web Interface
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of AOS-CX Switches could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary URL.
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Low 3.1
Adobe Commerce | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha3, 2.4.8-p3, 2.4.7-p8, 2.4.6-p13, 2.4.5-p15, 2.4.4-p16 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malic…
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Medium 5.4
actix-web-lab has host header poisoning in redirect middleware can generate attacker-controlled absolute redirects
### Summary `actix-web-lab` redirect middleware uses request-derived host information to construct absolute redirect URLs (for example, `https://{hostname}{path}`). In deployments without strict host allowlisting, an attacker can supply a malicious Host heade…
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Medium 6.9
Sylius has an Open Redirect via Referer Header
Sylius is an Open Source eCommerce Framework on Symfony. CurrencySwitchController::switchAction(), ImpersonateUserController::impersonateAction() and StorageBasedLocaleSwitcher::handle() use the HTTP Referer header directly when redirecting. The attack requir…
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High 7.1
Pocket ID: OAuth redirect_uri validation bypass via userinfo/host confusion
Pocket ID is an OIDC provider that allows users to authenticate with their passkeys to your services. From 2.0.0 to before 2.4.0, a flaw in callback URL validation allowed crafted redirect_uri values containing URL userinfo (@) to bypass legitimate callback p…