Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 5.4
Taguette does not safeguard against Open Redirect
Taguette is an open source qualitative research tool. In versions 1.5.1 and below, attackers can craft malicious URLs that redirect users to arbitrary external websites after authentication. The application accepts a user-controlled next parameter and uses it…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Flexmls® IDX plugin <= 3.15.7 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in flexmls Flexmls® IDX flexmls-idx allows Phishing.This issue affects Flexmls® IDX: from n/a through <= 3.15.7.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms FreshDesk Plugin plugin <= 1.3.5 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms FreshDesk Plugin gf-freshdesk allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms FreshDesk Plugin: from n/a through <= 1.3.5.
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Medium 6.1
Central Dogma's Login Function Has an Open Redirect Vulnerability
Central Dogma versions before 0.78.0 contain an Open Redirect vulnerability that allows attackers to redirect users to untrusted sites via specially crafted URLs, potentially facilitating phishing attacks and credential theft.
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Low 3.5
URL validation bypass through Views Dashboard in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.0.2, 9.4.6, 9.3.8, and 9.2.10, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 10.1.2507.10, 10.0.2503.8, and 9.3.2411.120, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could create a views dashb…
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Medium 5.5CVE-2025-58044 Scanner template
JumpServer has an Open Redirect Vulnerability
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Prior to v3.10.19 and v4.10.5, The /core/i18n// endpoint uses the Referer header as the redirection target without proper validation, which could lead to an Open…
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in web server of MiR robots and MiR fleet
Open redirect in the web server component of MiR Robot and Fleet software allows a remote attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external websites via a crafted parameter, facilitating phishing or social engineering attacks.
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Low 3.4
WordPress WP YouTube Lyte plugin <= 1.7.28 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Frank Goossens WP YouTube Lyte wp-youtube-lyte allows Phishing.This issue affects WP YouTube Lyte: from n/a through <= 1.7.28.
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High 8.6
ALC WebCTRL Carrier i-Vu Open Redirect via URL parameter
Open Redirect in URL parameter in Automated Logic WebCTRL and Carrier i-Vu versions 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0 may allow attackers to exploit user sessions.
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Medium 4.8
SolarWinds Observability Self-Hosted Open Redirection Vulnerability
SolarWinds Observability Self-Hosted is susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. The URL is not properly sanitized, and an attacker could manipulate the string to redirect a user to a malicious site. The attack complexity is high, and authentication …
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Medium 6.1
Backdrop CMS Host Header Injection vulnerability
Host Header Injection vulnerability in Backdrop CMS 1.32.1 allows attackers to manipulate the Host header in password reset requests, leading to redirects to malicious domains and potential session hijacking via cookie injection.
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Medium 6.3
Inappropriate implementation in Lens in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 136.0.7103.59 allowed a remote attacker to perfor…
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Low 2.7
Jitsi Meet has DOM Redirect on Microsoft OAuth Flow
Jitsi Meet is an open source video conferencing application. A vulnerability present in versions prior to 2.0.10532 allows attackers to hijack the OAuth authentication window for Microsoft accounts. This is fixed in version 2.0.10532. No known workarounds are…
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Catalyst Center Software HTTP Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Catalyst Center Virtual Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request…
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Medium 5.1
Anubis vulnerable to possible XSS via redir parameter when using subrequest auth mode
Anubis is a Web AI Firewall Utility that challenges users' connections in order to protect upstream resources from scraper bots. Prior to version 1.23.0, when using subrequest authentication, Anubis did not perform validation of the redirect URL and redirects…
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Low 3.1
Open Redirect on Web Login endpoint in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.0.1, 9.4.5, 9.3.7, 9.2.9, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 10.0.2503.5, 9.3.2411.111, and 9.3.2408.121, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a malicious URL using the `return_to` parameter of the Splunk Web lo…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerabilities in SAP S/4HANA landscape (SAP E-Recruiting BSP)
SAP S/4HANA landscape SAP E-Recruiting BSP allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft malicious links, when clicked the victim could be redirected to the page controlled by the attacker. This has low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP Business Connector
Due to an Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP Business Connector, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a malicious URL that, if accessed by a victim, redirects them to an attacker-controlled site displayed within an embedded frame. Successful exploitation c…
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Low 2.7
Open redirect endpoint in Datasette
Datasette is an open source multi-tool for exploring and publishing data. In versions 0.65.1 and below and 1.0a0 through 1.0a19, deployed instances of Datasette include an open redirect vulnerability. Hits to the path //example.com/foo/bar/ (the trailing slas…
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Medium 6.5
An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth callback handler in file onlook/apps/web/client/src/app/auth/callbac…
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Medium 6.1
Rhsso: open redirect
A flaw was found in Red Hat Single Sign-On. This issue is an Open Redirect vulnerability that occurs during the logout process. The redirect_uri parameter associated with the openid-connect logout protocol does not properly validate the provided URL.
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Medium 5.1
Movary unvalidated Referer header allows open redirect and phishing
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Versions up to and including 0.68.0 use the HTTP Referer header value directly for redirects in multiple settings endpoints, allowing a crafted link to cause an open redirect to …
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal is vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks
By default, Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.119, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.5, 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.10, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.10, 7.4 GA through update 92, and older unsupported versions is vulnerable…
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Medium 5.1
Movary vulnerable to an open redirect
Movary is a web application to track, rate and explore your movie watch history. Prior to 0.69.0, the login page accepts a redirect parameter without validation, allowing attackers to redirect authenticated users to arbitrary external sites. This vulnerabilit…
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Medium 6.1
Byaidu PDFMathTranslate vulnerable to open redirect
An open redirect vulnerability exists in Byaidu PDFMathTranslate v1.9.9 that allows attackers to craft URLs that cause the application to redirect users to arbitrary external websites via the file parameter to the /gradio_api endpoint. This vulnerability coul…
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High 8.1
ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct …
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Medium 5.8
PrivateBin persistent HTML injection in attachment filename enables redirect and defacement
PrivateBin is an online pastebin where the server has zero knowledge of pasted data. Versions 1.7.7 through 2.0.1 allow persistent HTML injection via the unsanitized attachment filename (attachment_name) when attachments are enabled. An attacker can modify at…
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Medium 6.9
Liferay Portal Vulnerable to Open Redirect via the _com_liferay_layout_admin_web_portlet_GroupPagesPortlet_redirect parameter
Open redirect vulnerability in page administration in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.97, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4, 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported vers…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin plugin <= 1.2.8 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin gf-zoho allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Zoho CRM and Bigin: from n/a through <= 1.2.8.
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High 8.1
Plane Vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting via Open Redirect in ?next_path Parameter
Plane is open-source project management software. Prior to version 1.1.0, an open redirect vulnerability in the ?next_path query parameter allows attackers to supply arbitrary schemes (e.g., javascript:) that are passed directly to router.push. This results i…
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Medium 5.1
Open redirection vulnerability in MOLGENIS EMX2
Open redirection vulnerability in MOLGENIS EMX2 v11.14.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to create a malicious URL using a manipulated redirection parameter, potentially leading users to phishing sites or other malicious destinations via “/%2f%2f<MALIC…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms HubSpot Plugin <= 1.2.5 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms HubSpot gf-hubspot allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms HubSpot: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the Oracle Scripting product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Miscellaneous). Supported versions…
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Medium 4.3
Koa Vulnerable to Open Redirect via Trailing Double-Slash (//) in back Redirect Logic
Koa is expressive middleware for Node.js using ES2017 async functions. In versions 2.16.2 to before 2.16.3 and 3.0.1 to before 3.0.3, a bypass to CVE-2025-8129 was discovered in the Koa.js framework affecting its back redirect functionality. In certain circum…
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High 8.8
Drawing-Captcha APP Host Header Injection in `/register` and `/confirm-email` Endpoints
Drawing-Captcha APP provides interactive, engaging verification for Web-Based Applications. The vulnerability is a Host Header Injection in the /register and /confirm-email endpoints. It allows an attacker to manipulate the Host header in HTTP requests to gen…
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Medium 6.1
Frappe has an Open Redirect on Login Page
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 14.98.0 and 15.83.0, an open redirect was possible through the redirect argument on the login page, if a specific type of URL was passed in. This vulnerability is fixed in 14.98.0 and 15.83.0.
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Low 3.1
Open Redirect in reflex-dev/reflex
Reflex is a library to build full-stack web apps in pure Python. In versions 0.5.4 through 0.8.14, the /auth-codespace endpoint automatically assigns the redirect_to query parameter value directly to client-side links without any validation and triggers autom…
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Medium 4.3
Adobe Connect | URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') (CWE-601)
Adobe Connect versions 12.9 and earlier are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user intera…
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Low 2.5
An URL Redirection to Untrusted Site vulnerabilities [CWE-601] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, F…
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Medium 4.8
WeGIA Open Redirect Vulnerability in `control.php` endpoint `nextPage` parameter (metodo=listarTodos nomeClasse=AlmoxarifeControle)
WeGIA is an open source Web Manager for Institutions with a focus on Portuguese language users. Prior to 3.5.0, an Open Redirect vulnerability was identified in the control.php endpoint of the WeGIA application, specifically in the nextPage parameter (metodo=…