Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 4.7
CM Registration – Tailored tool for seamless login and invitation-based registrations <= 2.5.6 - Open Redirect
The CM Registration – Tailored tool for seamless login and invitation-based registrations plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.6. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via …
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Medium 4.3
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) open URL redirect via /DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx
Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) '/DownloadWeb/hyperlinkredirect.aspx' provides an unauthenticated URL redirect via the 'nhl' parameter.
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High 7.1
Vllm: server side request forgery (ssrf) in mediaconnector
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the MediaConnector class within the vLLM project's multimodal feature set. The load_from_url and load_from_url_async methods fetch and process media from user-provided URLs without adequate restrict…
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Medium 5.5
Open Redirect in Logo Software's Logo Cloud
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Logo Software Inc. Logo Cloud allows Phishing, Forceful Browsing. This issue affects Logo Cloud: before 2025.R6.
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Medium 4.8
WeGIA: Open Redirect Vulnerability in `control.php` endpoint
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on charitable institutions. Versions 3.4.12 and below contain an Open Redirect vulnerability, identified in the control.php endpoint, specifically in the nextPage parameter (metodo=listarUmnomeClasse=Funcionari…
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Medium 5.5
Open Redirect in Secure Access prior to 14.10
CVE-2025-54088 is an open-redirect vulnerability in Secure Access prior to version 14.10. Attackers with access to the console can redirect victims to an arbitrary URL. The attack complexity is low, attack requirements are present, no privileges are required,…
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Medium 5.3
Open redirect vulnerability in KNIME Business Hub
An open redirect vulnerability existed in KNIME Business Hub prior to version 1.16.0. An unauthenticated remote attacker could craft a link to a legitimate KNIME Business Hub installation which, when opened by the user, redirects the user to a page of the att…
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Low 2.1
Weblate integration with Anubis can lead to Open Redirect via redir parameter
Weblate is a web based localization tool. An open redirect exists in versions 5.13.2 and below via the redir parameter on .within.website when Weblate is configured with Anubis and REDIRECT_DOMAINS is not set. An attacker can craft a URL on the legitimate dom…
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High 7.5
Account Takeover in Corezoid 6.6.0 in the OAuth2 implementation via an open redirect in the redirect_uri parameter allo…
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000174150 - Unvalidated redirect in Portal for ArcGIS.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000174149 - The Portal for ArcGIS has an unvalidated redirect.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 6.1
BUG-000171009 - URL manipulation vulnerability in Portal for ArcGIS.
There is an unvalidated redirect vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS 11.4 and below that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL that could redirect a victim to an arbitrary website, simplifying phishing attacks.
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Medium 4.3
lobe-chat has an Open Redirect
Lobe Chat is an open-source artificial intelligence chat framework. Prior to version 1.130.1, the project's OIDC redirect handling logic constructs the host and protocol of the final redirect URL based on the X-Forwarded-Host or Host headers and the X-Forward…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft plugin <= 1.2.6 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft gf-infusionsoft allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Keap/Infusionsoft: from n/a through <= 1.2.6.
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Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in PUSULA's Manageable Email Sending System
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Pusula Communication Information Internet Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. Manageable Email Sending System allows Exploiting Trust in Client. This issue affects Manageable Email Sending System: f…
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High 7.6
One-Click Mattermost Account Takeover via Poisoned RelayState SAML Parameter
Mattermost versions 10.10.x <= 10.10.1, 10.5.x <= 10.5.9, 10.9.x <= 10.9.4 fail to validate the redirect_to parameter, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious link that, once a user authenticates with their SAML provider, could post the user’s cookies to an…
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Low 3.1
Open redirect in OAuth login
Mattermost versions 10.5.x <= 10.5.9 fail to properly validate redirect URLs which allows attackers to redirect users to malicious sites via crafted OAuth login URLs
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal's System, Instance and Site Settings are vulnerable to Open Redirect
Open redirect vulnerability in the System Settings in Liferay Portal 7.1.0 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.4 , 7.4 GA through update 92, 7.3 GA through update 35, and older unsupported versions allows remote attackers to redirect …
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Medium 4.3
Freshwork logout redirect
A vulnerability has been found in Freshwork up to 1.2.3. This impacts an unknown function of the file /api/v2/logout. Such manipulation of the argument post_logout_redirect_uri leads to open redirect. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress GoodBarber plugin <= 1.0.26 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in GoodBarber GoodBarber goodbarber.This issue affects GoodBarber: from n/a through <= 1.0.26.
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Medium 5.3
Open Redirect in TYPO3 CMS
An open‑redirect vulnerability in GeneralUtility::sanitizeLocalUrl of TYPO3 CMS 9.0.0–9.5.54, 10.0.0–10.4.53, 11.0.0–11.5.47, 12.0.0–12.4.36, and 13.0.0–13.4.17 allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary external sites, enabling phishing attacks by sup…
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Medium 6.4
Element Plus Link component (el-link) implements insufficient input validation for the href attribute
Element Plus Link component (el-link) through 2.10.6 implements insufficient input validation for the href attribute, creating a security abstraction gap that obscures URL-based attack vectors. The component passes user-controlled href values directly to unde…
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Medium 4.3
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a targeted W…
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Medium 6.3
Open Redirect in Akinsoft's QR Menu
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akınsoft QR Menü allows Forceful Browsing, Phishing. This issue affects QR Menü: from s1.05.05 before v1.05.12.
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Medium 4.2
Basecamp's Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirects to protocol-relative URI
Basecamp's Google Sign-In adds Google sign-in to Rails applications. Prior to version 1.3.1, it is possible to redirect a user to another origin if the "proceed_to" value in the session store is set to a protocol-relative URL. Normally the value of this URL i…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Podlove Podcast Publisher Plugin <= 4.2.5 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Eric Teubert Podlove Podcast Publisher podlove-podcasting-plugin-for-wordpress allows Phishing.This issue affects Podlove Podcast Publisher: from n/a through <= 4.2.5.
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Medium 4.2
Basecamp's Google Sign-In for Rails allowed redirects to a malformed URL
Basecamp's Google Sign-In adds Google sign-in to Rails applications. Prior to version 1.3.0, it is possible to craft a malformed URL that passes the "same origin" check, resulting in the user being redirected to another origin. Rails applications configured t…
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High 7.1
Cisco UCS Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) connection handling of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website. This vulnerability is due to insufficie…
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High 7.4
IBM Cognos Command Center HTTP Open Redirect
IBM Cognos Command Center 10.2.4.1 and 10.2.5 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof t…
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Medium 6.5
SelectZero SelectZero Data Observability Platform before 2025.5.2 contains an Open Redirect vulnerability. Legacy UI fi…
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Medium 5.1
Liferay Portal allows open redirect in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect
Open Redirect vulnerability in /c/portal/edit_info_item parameter redirect in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.86 through 7.4.3.131, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.1 through 2024.Q3.9, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.13, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12 and 7.4 update 86 through update 9…
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High 8.8
Audiobookshelf vulnerable to OIDC token exfiltration and account takeover
Audiobookshelf is an open-source self-hosted audiobook server. In versions 2.6.0 through 2.26.3, the application does not properly restrict redirect callback URLs during OIDC authentication. An attacker can craft a login link that causes Audiobookshelf to sto…
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Medium 6.3
An open redirect vulnerability in Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 allows attackers to redirect users to a malicious site via…
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Medium 5.3
An intent redirection vulnerability in Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 allows unauthorized attackers to access internal func…
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Medium 5.1
OnboardLite Open Redirect Endpoint
OnboardLite is the result of the Influx Initiative, our vision for an improved student organization lifecycle at the University of Central Florida. An attacker can craft a link to the trusted application that, when visited, redirects the user to a malicious e…
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Medium 6.5
Mirror-registry: host header injection in mirror-registry
The mirror-registry doesn't properly sanitize the host header HTTP header in HTTP request received, allowing an attacker to perform malicious redirects to attacker-controlled domains or phishing campaigns.
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Medium 4.3
URL redirection to untrusted site ('Open Redirect') issue exists in Movable Type. If this vulnerability is exploited, a…
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Low 3.5
TOTVS Portal Meu RH Password Reset redirect
A flaw has been found in TOTVS Portal Meu RH up to 12.1.17. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Password Reset Handler. Executing manipulation of the argument redirectUrl can lead to open redirect. The attack may be performed from a remote locati…
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Medium 6.1
Focus incorrectly ignores Content-Disposition headers for some MIME types
Focus for iOS would not respect a Content-Disposition header of type Attachment and would incorrectly display the content inline, potentially allowing for XSS attacks. This vulnerability was fixed in Focus for iOS 142.
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Critical 9.8
Passkey phishing within Bluetooth range
Malicious pages could use Firefox for iOS to pass FIDO: links to the OS and trigger the hybrid passkey transport. An attacker within Bluetooth range could have used this to trick the user into using their passkey to log the attacker's computer into the target…