Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
-
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
-
Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
-
Critical 9.1
Scanning a malicious URL utilizing Firefox's open-text scheme with the QR code scanner could load arbitrary websites
The QR scanner could allow arbitrary websites to be opened if a user was tricked into scanning a malicious link that leveraged Firefox's open-text URL scheme. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox for iOS 141.
-
Medium 5.4
Internal Firefox open-text URL scheme allowed loading of arbitrary URLs
The URL scheme used by Firefox to facilitate searching of text queries could incorrectly allow attackers to open arbitrary website URLs or internal pages if a user was tricked into clicking a link. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox for iOS 141.
-
Medium 4.8
Bunker Web 1.6.2 - Uncontrolled external site redirect
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bunkerity Bunker Web on Linux allows Phishing.This issue affects Bunker Web: 1.6.2.
-
Medium 5.5
@astrojs/node's trailing slash handling causes open redirect issue
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. Following CVE-2025-54793 there's still an Open Redirect vulnerability in a subset of Astro deployment scenarios prior to version 9.4.1. Astro 5.12.8 addressed CVE-2025-54793 where https://example.com//astr…
-
Medium 4.7
WordPress Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets Plugin plugin <= 1.2.4 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets wp-gravity-forms-spreadsheets allows Phishing.This issue affects Connector for Gravity Forms and Google Sheets: from n/a through <= 1.…
-
Medium 5.1
svg-sanitizer By-Passing Attribute Sanitization
savg-sanitizer is a PHP SVG/XML sanitizer. Prior to version 0.22.0, the sanitization logic in the cleanXlinkHrefs method only searches for lower-case attribute name, which allows to by-pass the isHrefSafeValue check. As a result this allows cross-site scripti…
-
Low 3.5
atjiu pybbs IndexController.java changeLanguage redirect
A vulnerability has been found in atjiu pybbs up to 6.0.0 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function changeLanguage of the file src/main/java/co/yiiu/pybbs/controller/front/IndexController.java. The manipulation of the argument ref…
-
Low 3.5
zlt2000 microservices-platform OauthLogoutSuccessHandler.java onLogoutSuccess redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in zlt2000 microservices-platform up to 6.0.0. This affects the function onLogoutSuccess of the file src/main/java/com/central/oauth/handler/OauthLogoutSuccessHandler.java. The manipulation of th…
-
Medium 5.5
Astro: Duplicate trailing slash feature can lead to Open Redirects
Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions 5.2.0 through 5.12.7, there is an Open Redirect vulnerability in the trailing slash redirection logic when handling paths with double slashes. This allows an attacker to redirect users to arbit…
-
High 7.4
IBM Operational Decision Manager HTTP open redirect
IBM Operational Decision Manager 8.11.0.1, 8.11.1.0, 8.12.0.1, 9.0.0.1, and 9.5.0 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could e…
-
Medium 6.3CVE-2024-34328 Public exploit
An open redirect in Sielox AnyWare v2.1.2 allows attackers to execute a man-in-the-middle attack via a crafted URL.
-
Medium 6.5
GLPI is vulnerable to XSS and open redirection attacks through planning feature
GLPI is a Free Asset and IT Management Software package. In versions 9.1.0 through 10.0.18, an unauthenticated user can send a malicious link to attempt a phishing attack from the planning feature. This is fixed in version 10.0.19.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-50578 Scanner template
LinuxServer.io heimdall 2.6.3-ls307 contains a vulnerability in how it handles user-supplied HTTP headers, specifically…
-
Medium 5.1
Anubis accepts crafted redirect URLs in pass-challenge 'Try Again' buttons
Anubis is a Web AI Firewall Utility that weighs the soul of users' connections using one or more challenges in order to protect upstream resources from scraper bots. In versions 1.21.2 and below, attackers can craft malicious pass-challenge pages that cause a…
-
Low 3.5
KoaJS Koa HTTP Header response.js back redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in KoaJS Koa up to 3.0.0. Affected is the function back in the library lib/response.js of the component HTTP Header Handler. The manipulation of the argument Referrer leads to open redirect. It i…
-
Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in HotelRunner's B2B
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in HotelRunner B2B allows Forceful Browsing. This issue affects B2B: before 04.06.2025.
-
Medium 5.4
A URL redirection in lbry-desktop v0.53.9 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
-
Medium 5.4
A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
-
Low 3.5
Sanluan PublicCMS viewer.html redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Sanluan PublicCMS up to 5.202506.a. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file publiccms-parent/publiccms/src/main/webapp/resource/plugins/pdfjs/viewer.html. The manipulation …
-
Low 3.5
Sanluan PublicCMS preview.html redirect
A vulnerability was found in Sanluan PublicCMS up to 5.202506.a. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file publiccms-parent/publiccms/src/main/resources/templates/admin/cmsDiy/preview.html. The…
-
Low 3.5
thinkgem JeeSite ServletUtils.java redirectUrl
A vulnerability was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function redirectUrl of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/common/web/http/ServletUtils.java. The manipulation of the argument url leads to…
-
Medium 4.3
thinkgem JeeSite SsoController.java sso redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. This vulnerability affects the function sso of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/sys/web/SsoController.java. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open…
-
Medium 4.2
An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality. Prerequisites f…
-
High 7.6CVE-2025-6023 EPSS 58%
Grafana is vulnerable to XSS attacks through open redirects and path traversal
An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS that can be exploited to achieve XSS attacks. The vulnerability was introduced in Grafana v11.5.0. The open redirect can be chained with path traversal vulnerabilities to achieve XSS. Fixed in …
-
Medium 4.3
thinkgem JeeSite Site Controller SiteController.java select redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in thinkgem JeeSite up to 5.12.0. Affected is the function select of the file src/main/java/com/jeesite/modules/cms/web/SiteController.java of the component Site Controller. The manipulation of t…
-
Medium 4.7
DiracX-Web login page has Open Redirect vulnerability
DiracX-Web is a web application that provides an interface to interact with the DiracX services. Prior to version 0.1.0-a8, an attacker can forge a request that they can pass to redirect an authenticated user to another arbitrary website. In the login page, D…
-
Critical 9.0
Vulnerability in Oracle Application Express (component: Strategic Planner Starter App). Supported versions that are aff…
-
Medium 4.7
WeGIA vulnerable to Open Redirect in endpoint 'control.php' parameter 'nextPage'
WeGIA is an open source web manager with a focus on the Portuguese language and charitable institutions. An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the web application prior to version 3.4.5. The control.php endpoint allows to specify an arbitrary URL via the `…
-
Medium 6.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in SAP BusinessObjects Content Administrator workbench
Due to insufficient sanitization in the SAP BusinessObjects Content Administrator Workbench, attackers could craft malicious URLs and execute scripts in a victim�s browser. This could potentially lead to the exposure or modification of web client data, result…
-
Medium 6.1
Multiple vulnerabilities in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP
Due to an open redirect vulnerability in SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a URL link embedding a malicious script at a location not properly sanitized. When a victim clicks on this link, the script executes within…
-
Low 2.1
Better Auth has an Open Redirect Vulnerability in originCheck Middleware Affecting Multiple Routes
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. An open redirect has been found in the originCheck middleware function, which affects the following routes: /verify-email, /reset-password/:token, /delete-user/callback, /magic-link/ve…
-
Medium 6.1
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via thebb…
-
Medium 6.1
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the b…
-
Medium 6.1CVE-2024-37656 Scanner template
An open redirect vulnerability in gnuboard5 v.5.5.16 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the i…
-
High 8.0
AI Engine 2.8.4 - Insecure OAuth Implementation
The AI Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to open redirect in version 2.8.4. This is due to an insecure OAuth implementation, as the 'redirect_uri' parameter is missing validation during the authorization flow. This makes it possible for unauthenticate…
-
Medium 4.6
n8n Login Flow has Open Redirect Vulnerability
n8n is a workflow automation platform. Versions prior to 1.98.0 have an Open Redirect vulnerability in the login flow. Authenticated users can be redirected to untrusted, attacker-controlled domains after logging in, by crafting malicious URLs with a misleadi…
-
Low 3.5
Xuxueli xxl-sso doLogin redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Xuxueli xxl-sso 1.1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /xxl-sso-server/doLogin. The manipulation of the argument redirect_url leads to open redirect. The attack may…
-
Medium 4.3
Kibana Open Redirect
URL redirection to an untrusted site ('Open Redirect') in Kibana can lead to sending a user to an arbitrary site and server-side request forgery via a specially crafted URL.
-
Medium 4.3
Firefox for Android opened URLs specified in a link querystring parameter
When a URL was provided in a link querystring parameter, Firefox for Android would follow that URL instead of the correct URL, potentially leading to phishing attacks. *This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other versions of Firefox are unaffected.*. Thi…
-
Medium 4.3
java-aodeng Hope-Boot Login WebController.java doLogin redirect
A vulnerability was found in java-aodeng Hope-Boot 1.0.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function doLogin of the file /src/main/java/com/hope/controller/WebController.java of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument redire…