Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 6.8
IBM Process Mining HTTP open redirect
IBM Process Mining 2.0.1 IF001 and 2.0.1 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the UR…
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Medium 5.5
FastGPT LastRoute Parameter on Login Page Vulnerable to Open Redirect and DOM-based XSS
FastGPT is an AI Agent building platform. Prior to version 4.9.12, the LastRoute Parameter on login page is vulnerable to open redirect and DOM-based XSS. Improper validation and lack of sanitization of this parameter allows attackers execute malicious JavaSc…
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Low 3.5
PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System search-report-result.php redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in PHPGurukul COVID19 Testing Management System 2021. Affected is an unknown function of the file /search-report-result.php. The manipulation of the argument q leads to open redirect. It is possible to …
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Medium 5.3
urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 2.2.0 and prior to 2.5.0, urllib3 does not control redirects in browsers and Node.js. urllib3 supports being used in a Pyodide runtime utilizing the JavaScript Fetch API or falling…
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Medium 5.3
urllib3 redirects are not disabled when retries are disabled on PoolManager instantiation
urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Prior to 2.5.0, it is possible to disable redirects for all requests by instantiating a PoolManager and specifying retries in a way that disable redirects. By default, requests and botocore users are …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Automation By Autonami plugin <= 3.6.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Aman FunnelKit Automations wp-marketing-automations allows Phishing.This issue affects FunnelKit Automations: from n/a through <= 3.6.0.
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Medium 4.8
Open redirection in M-Files Mobile
An open redirection vulnerability in M-Files mobile applications for Android and iOS prior to version 25.6.0 allows attackers to use maliciously crafted PDF files to trick other users into making requests to untrusted URLs.
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Medium 4.3
Astun Technology iShare Maps atCheckJS.aspx redirect
A vulnerability has been found in Astun Technology iShare Maps 5.4.0 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file atCheckJS.aspx. The manipulation of the argument ref leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated re…
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Medium 4.8
SolarWinds SWOSH Open Redirection Vulnerability
SolarWinds Observability Self-Hosted is susceptible to an open redirection vulnerability. The URL is not properly sanitized, and an attacker could manipulate the string to redirect a user to a malicious site. The attack complexity is high, and authentication …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Salesforce plugin <= 1.4.7 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Salesforce gf-salesforce-crmperks allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Salesforce: from n/a through <= 1.4.7.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Constant Contact Plugin <= 1.1.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Constant Contact Plugin gf-constant-contact allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Constant Contact Plugin: from n/a through <= 1.1.0.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Newspack Newsletters plugin <= 3.13.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Automattic Newspack Newsletters newspack-newsletters allows Phishing.This issue affects Newspack Newsletters: from n/a through <= 3.13.0.
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirection in Multiple WSO2 Products via Multi-Option Authentication Endpoint
An open redirection vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper validation of the multi-option URL in the authentication endpoint when multi-option authentication is enabled. A malicious actor can craft a valid link that redirects users to …
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High 8.1
ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection
Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to const…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect vulnerability on user unlock path
SummaryThis advisory addresses an Open Redirection vulnerability in Mautic's user unlocking endpoint. This vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker to redirect legitimate users to malicious websites, potentially leading to phishing attacks or the deliv…
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Low 3.5
Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform Header redirect
A vulnerability was found in Summer Pearl Group Vacation Rental Management Platform up to 1.0.1 and classified as problematic. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component Header Handler. The manipulation of the argument Host leads to open redi…
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Medium 6.1
UBtech – CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
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High 7.6
Grafana Cross-Site-Scripting (XSS) via custom loaded frontend plugin
A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Grafana caused by combining a client path traversal and open redirect. This allows attackers to redirect users to a website that hosts a frontend plugin that will execute arbitrary JavaScript. This vulnerab…
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Medium 6.1
Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools <= 2.0.0 - Open Redirect
The Affiliate Sales in Google Analytics and other tools plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.0.0. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'afflink' parameter. This make…
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Medium 4.3
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2025.03.2 open redirect was possible on editing VCS Root page
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Medium 4.3
kanwangzjm Funiture Login LoginServlet.java doPost redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in kanwangzjm Funiture up to 71ca0fb0658b3d839d9e049ac36429207f05329b. Affected is the function doPost of the file /funiture-master/src/main/java/com/app/mvc/acl/servlet/LoginServlet.java of the …
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Medium 4.3
Flask-AppBuilder open redirect vulnerability using HTTP host injection
Flask-AppBuilder is an application development framework built on top of Flask. Versions prior to 4.6.2 would allow for a malicious unauthenticated actor to perform an open redirect by manipulating the Host header in HTTP requests. Flask-AppBuilder 4.6.2 intr…
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Medium 5.1CVE-2025-40630 Scanner template
Open redirection vulnerability in IceWarp Mail Server
Open redirection vulnerability in IceWarp Mail Server affecting version 11.4.0. This vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect a user to any domain by sending a malicious URL to the victim, for example “ https://icewarp.domain.com//<MALICIOUS_DOMAIN>/%2e%2…
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Medium 6.1
Horilla Open Redirect Vulnerability in Login
Horilla is a free and open source Human Resource Management System (HRMS). In versions up to and including 1.3, an attacker can craft a Horilla URL that refers to an external domain. Upon clicking and logging in, the user is redirected to an external domain. …
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Medium 6.1
Multiple vulnerabilities in SAP Supplier Relationship Management (Live Auction Cockpit)
The Live Auction Cockpit in SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) uses a deprecated java applet component within the affected SRM packages which allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a malicious link, which when clicked by a victim, redirects the b…
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Medium 4.3
Catalyst User Key Authentication Plugin Logout logout.php redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Catalyst User Key Authentication Plugin 20220819 on Moodle. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /auth/userkey/logout.php of the component Logout. The manipulation of the…
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High 7.1
HaloITSM open redirect via the returnUrl
Improper Input Validation, the returnUrl parameter in Account Security Settings lacks proper input validation, allowing attackers to redirect users to malicious websites (Open Redirect) and inject JavaScript code to perform cross site scripting attack. The vu…
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Low 1.3
insa-auth Open-Redirect on provided CAS server login endpoint
insa-auth is an authentication server for INSA Rouen. A minor issue allowed third-party websites to access the server's secondary authentication bridge, potentially revealing basic student information (name and number). However, the issue posed minimal risk, …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integrations of Zoho CRM with Elementor form plugin <= 1.0.8 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in formsintegrations Integrations of Zoho CRM with Elementor form integrations-of-zoho-crm-with-elementor-form allows Phishing.This issue affects Integrations of Zoho CRM with Elementor form: f…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Zendesk plugin <= 1.1.2 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Zendesk gf-zendesk allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Zendesk: from n/a through <= 1.1.2.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce plugin <= 1.7.5 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce woo-salesforce-plugin-crm-perks allows Phishing.This issue affects Integration for WooCommerce and Salesforce: from n/a through <= 1.7.5.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Gravity Forms Dynamics CRM plugin <= 1.1.4 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks WP Gravity Forms Dynamics CRM gf-dynamics-crm allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Gravity Forms Dynamics CRM: from n/a through <= 1.1.4.
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Low 3.5
fp2952 spring-cloud-base HTTP Header MvcController.java sendBack redirect
A vulnerability was found in fp2952 spring-cloud-base up to 7f050dc6db9afab82c5ce1d41cd74ed255ec9bfa. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sendBack of the file /spring-cloud-base-master/auth-center/auth-center-pr…
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Low 2.1
@misskey-dev/summaly Redirect Filter Bypass
@misskey-dev/summaly is a tool for getting a summary of a web page. Starting in version 3.0.1 and prior to version 5.2.1, a logic error in the main `summaly` function causes the `allowRedirects` option to never be passed to any plugins, and as a result, isn't…
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Medium 6.0
Missing validation of redirect_uri on authorize endpoint
The OAuth implementation in workers-oauth-provider that is part of MCP framework https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-mcp , did not correctly validate that redirect_uri was on the allowed list of redirect URIs for the given client registration. Fixed in: ht…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2025-32970 Scanner template
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wysiwyg-api Open Redirect vulnerability
XWiki is a generic wiki platform. In versions starting from 13.5-rc-1 to before 15.10.13, from 16.0.0-rc-1 to before 16.4.4, and from 16.5.0-rc-1 to before 16.8.0, an open redirect vulnerability in the HTML conversion request filter allows attackers to constr…
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Medium 5.0
An open redirect vulnerability was reported in the FileZ client that could allow information disclosure if a crafted ur…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Sassy Social Share plugin <= 3.3.73 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Heateor Support Sassy Social Share sassy-social-share allows Phishing.This issue affects Sassy Social Share: from n/a through <= 3.3.73.
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Medium 5.3
The KnowBe4 Security Awareness Training application before 2020-01-10 contains a redirect function that does not valida…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Fast eBay Listings plugin <= 2.12.15 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Arthur Yarwood Fast eBay Listings fast-ebay-listings allows Phishing.This issue affects Fast eBay Listings: from n/a through <= 2.12.15.