Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Listdom plugin <= 4.0.0 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Webilia Inc. Listdom listdom allows Phishing.This issue affects Listdom: from n/a through <= 4.0.0.
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Medium 6.3
Leak of hashed Window credentials via crafted attachment URL
Thunderbird processes the X-Mozilla-External-Attachment-URL header to handle attachments which can be hosted externally. When an email is opened, Thunderbird accesses the specified URL to determine file size, and navigates to it when the user clicks the attac…
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Medium 5.1
XSS in iKSORIS
Internet Starter, one of SoftCOM iKSORIS system modules, is vulnerable to Open Redirect attacks by including base64 encoded URLs in the target parameter sent in a POST request to one of the endpoints. This vulnerability has been patched in version 79.0
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WebinarPress plugin <= 1.33.28 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in WPWebinarSystem WebinarPress wp-webinarsystem allows Phishing.This issue affects WebinarPress: from n/a through <= 1.33.28.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Ultimate WP Mail plugin <= 1.3.10 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Rustaurius Ultimate WP Mail ultimate-wp-mail allows Phishing.This issue affects Ultimate WP Mail: from n/a through <= 1.3.10.
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Medium 6.1
Advanced Advertising System <= 1.3.1 - Open Redirect
The Advanced Advertising System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.1. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'redir' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthen…
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High 7.4CVE-2025-3155 EPSS 13%
Yelp: arbitrary file read
A flaw was found in Yelp. The Gnome user help application allows the help document to execute arbitrary scripts. This vulnerability allows malicious users to input help documents, which may exfiltrate user files to an external environment.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Clone any post type Plugin <= 3.6 - Open Redirect vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Galaxy Weblinks WP Clone any post type wp-clone-any-post-type allows Phishing.This issue affects WP Clone any post type: from n/a through <= 3.6.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration of Zoho CRM and Contact Form 7 plugin <= 1.0.6 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in formsintegrations Integration of Zoho CRM and Contact Form 7 allows Phishing. This issue affects Integration of Zoho CRM and Contact Form 7: from n/a through 1.0.6.
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High 8.1
The issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.4, iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, m…
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Medium 5.1
Open Redirect vulnerability in EJBCA
The vulnerability exists in the EJBCA service, version 8.0 Enterprise. By making a small change to the PATH of the URL associated with the service, the server fails to find the requested file and redirects to an external page. This vulnerability could allow u…
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Low 3.5
Legrand SMS PowerView redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Legrand SMS PowerView 1.x. This vulnerability affects unknown code. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open redirect. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed t…
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High 8.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Bit Form plugin <= 2.18.0 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Form bit-form allows Phishing.This issue affects Bit Form: from n/a through <= 2.18.0.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Bit Integrations plugin <= 2.4.10 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Bit Apps Bit Integrations bit-integrations allows Phishing.This issue affects Bit Integrations: from n/a through <= 2.4.10.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress AliNext plugin <= 3.5.1 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in guru-aliexpress AliNext ali2woo-lite allows Phishing.This issue affects AliNext: from n/a through <= 3.5.1.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Automation By Autonami plugin <= 3.5.1 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Aman FunnelKit Automations wp-marketing-automations allows Phishing.This issue affects FunnelKit Automations: from n/a through <= 3.5.1.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Scheduled & Automatic Order Status Controller for WooCommerce plugin <= 3.7.1 - Open Redirection Vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in WPFactory Scheduled & Automatic Order Status Controller for WooCommerce order-status-rules-for-woocommerce allows Phishing.This issue affects Scheduled & Automatic Order Status Controller fo…
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Medium 4.1
Icinga Web 2 has open redirect on login page
Icinga Web 2 is an open source monitoring web interface, framework and command-line interface. A vulnerability in versions prior to 2.11.5 and 2.12.13 vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a URL that, once visited by an authenticated user (or one that is …
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Medium 6.1
BentoML Open Redirect vulnerability
An open redirect vulnerability in bentoml/bentoml v1.3.9 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a specially crafted URL. This can be exploited for phishing attacks, malware distribution, and credential theft.
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Medium 5.8CVE-2025-27888 Scanner template
Apache Druid: Server-Side Request Forgery and Cross-Site Scripting
Severity: medium (5.8) / important Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'), URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache Druid. This issue affects …
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Medium 5.4CVE-2024-8021 Scanner template
Open Redirect in gradio-app/gradio
An open redirect vulnerability exists in the latest version of gradio-app/gradio. The vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect users to a malicious website by URL encoding. This can be exploited by sending a crafted request to the application, which resul…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in haotian-liu/llava
An open redirect vulnerability in haotian-liu/llava version v1.2.0 (LLaVA-1.6) allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a specially crafted URL. This can be exploited for phishing attacks, malware distribution, and …
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-10908 Scanner template
Open Redirect in lm-sys/fastchat
An open redirect vulnerability in lm-sys/fastchat Release v0.2.36 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a specially crafted URL. This can be exploited for phishing attacks, malware distribution, and credential th…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-11044 Scanner template
Open Redirect in automatic1111/stable-diffusion-webui
An open redirect vulnerability in automatic1111/stable-diffusion-webui version 1.10.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a specially crafted URL. This vulnerability can be exploited to conduct phishing attacks…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-10812 Scanner template
Open Redirect in binary-husky/gpt_academic
An open redirect vulnerability exists in binary-husky/gpt_academic version 3.83. The vulnerability occurs when a user is redirected to a URL specified by user-controlled input in the 'file' parameter without proper validation or sanitization. This can be expl…
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Medium 4.3
Dell NetWorker, versions prior to 19.11.0.4 and version 19.12, contains an URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Red…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress AS English Admin plugin <= 1.0.0 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Akshar Soft Solutions AS English Admin as-english-admin allows Phishing.This issue affects AS English Admin: from n/a through <= 1.0.0.
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High 7.6
In Zucchetti Ad Hoc Infinity 2.4, an improper check on the m_cURL parameter allows an attacker to redirect the victim t…
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Medium 4.3
Jenkins Open Redirect vulnerability
In Jenkins 2.499 and earlier, LTS 2.492.1 and earlier, redirects starting with backslash (`\`) characters are considered safe, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks by having users go to a Jenkins URL that will forward them to a different site, becau…
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Medium 4.3
Firefox Mobile iOS Address Bar Spoof Using Server-Side Redirect to non-http Scheme
Websites redirecting to a non-HTTP scheme URL could allow a website address to be spoofed for a malicious page. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox for iOS 136.
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Medium 5.4
Firefox Mobile iOS Full Address Bar Spoof Using Server-Side Redirect to internal error page
Malicious websites utilizing a server-side redirect to an internal error page could result in a spoofed website URL. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox for iOS 136.
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in CodeChecker web server
CodeChecker is an analyzer tooling, defect database and viewer extension for the Clang Static Analyzer and Clang Tidy. The CodeChecker web server contains an open redirect vulnerability due to missing protections against multiple slashes after the product nam…
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Medium 6.1
Nagios XI 2024R1.2.2 is vulnerable to an open redirect flaw on the Tools page, exploitable by users with read-only perm…
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Medium 4.3
GLPI index.php redirect
A vulnerability was found in GLPI up to 10.0.17. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /index.php. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to open redirect. The attack can be launch…
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Medium 6.9
Beter Auth has an Open Redirect via Scheme-Less Callback Parameter
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. Prior to version 1.1.21, the application is vulnerable to an open redirect due to improper validation of the callbackURL parameter in the email verification endpoint and any other endp…
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Medium 4.7
WPO365 | MICROSOFT 365 GRAPH MAILER <= 3.2 - Open Redirect via 'redirect_to' Parameter
The WPO365 | MICROSOFT 365 GRAPH MAILER plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 3.2. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'redirect_to' parameter. This makes it possible …
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High 7.2CVE-2024-13888 Scanner template
WPMobile.App <= 11.56 - Open Redirect via 'redirect' Parameter
The WPMobile.App plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 11.56. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect URL supplied via the 'redirect' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated atta…
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Low 1.3
smartbanner.js rel noopener XSS vulnerability
smartbanner.js is a customizable smart app banner for iOS and Android. Prior to version 1.14.1, clicking on smartbanner `View` link and navigating to 3rd party page leaves `window.opener` exposed. It may allow hostile third parties to abuse `window.opener`, e…
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Medium 4.8
Open Redirect in HAVELSAN's Open Source Project Liman MYS
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in HAVELSAN Liman MYS allows Cross-Site Flashing. This issue affects Liman MYS: before 2.1.1 - 1010.