Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 6.5
Khoj Open Redirect Vulnerability in Login Page
### Summary An attacker can use the `next` parameter on the login page to redirect a victim to a malicious page, while masking this using a legit-looking `app.khoj.dev` url. For example, `https://app.khoj.dev/login?next=//example.com` will redirect to the htt…
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Low 3.5
WordPress Academy LMS plugin <= 2.0.4 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Kodezen Limited Academy LMS.This issue affects Academy LMS: from n/a through 2.0.4.
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect in imartinez/privategpt
An open redirect vulnerability exists in imartinez/privategpt version 0.5.0 due to improper handling of the 'file' parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to a URL specified by user-controlled input without proper validation or saniti…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in Magarsus Consultancy's SSO
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Magarsus Consultancy SSO (Single Sign On) allows Manipulating Hidden Fields. This issue affects SSO (Single Sign On): from 1.0 before 1.1.
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Low 3.5
Dell PowerProtect DD, versions prior to 8.0, LTS 7.13.1.0, LTS 7.10.1.30, LTS 7.7.5.40 contain an open redirect vulnera…
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Low 3.5
October Open Redirect for Administrator Accounts
October is a self-hosted CMS platform based on the Laravel PHP Framework. This issue affects authenticated administrators who may be redirected to an untrusted URL using the PageFinder schema. The resolver for the page finder link schema (`october://`) allowe…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2024-4940 Scanner template
Open Redirect in gradio-app/gradio
An open redirect vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio, affecting the latest version. The vulnerability allows an attacker to redirect users to arbitrary websites, which can be exploited for phishing attacks, Cross-site Scripting (XSS), Server-Side Re…
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High 7.1
Export WP Page to Static HTML/CSS <= 2.2.2 - Open Redirect
The Export WP Page to Static HTML/CSS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.2. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the rc_exported_zip_file parameter. This makes it po…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2024-37881 Scanner template
SiteGuard WP Plugin provides a functionality to customize the path to the login page wp-login.php and implements a meas…
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Medium 6.1
Kibana open redirect issue
An open redirect issue was discovered in Kibana that could lead to a user being redirected to an arbitrary website if they use a maliciously crafted Kibana URL.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-3032 Scanner template
Themify Builder < 7.5.8 - Open Redirect
Themify Builder WordPress plugin before 7.5.8 does not validate a parameter before redirecting the user to its value, leading to an Open Redirect issue
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High 7.1
@strapi/plugin-users-permissions leaks 3rd party authentication tokens and authentication bypass
Strapi is an open-source content management system. By combining two vulnerabilities (an `Open Redirect` and `session token sent as URL query parameter`) in @strapi/plugin-users-permissions before version 4.24.2, is its possible of an unauthenticated attacker…
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Medium 4.3
Harbor Open Redirect URL
Open Redirect in Harbor <=v2.8.4, <=v2.9.2, and <=v2.10.0 may redirect a user to a malicious site.
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Medium 4.3
SuiteCRM-Core Host Header Injection in /legacy
SuiteCRM is an open-source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. A vulnerability in versions prior to 8.6.1 allows for Host Header Injection when directly accessing the `/legacy` route. Version 8.6.1 contains a patch for the issue.
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Medium 5.4
SuiteCRM vulnerable to open redirects
SuiteCRM is an open-source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. In versions prior to 7.14.4 and 8.6.1, unchecked input allows for open re-direct. Versions 7.14.4 and 8.6.1 contain a fix for this issue.
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High 7.5
Zendframework Remote Address Spoofing Vector in `Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment\RemoteAddress`
The `Zend\Http\PhpEnvironment\RemoteAddress` class provides features around detecting the internet protocol (IP) address for an incoming proxied request via the X-Forwarded-For header, taking into account a provided list of trusted proxy server IPs. Prior to …
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Medium 5.8
A URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Fortinet FortiAuthenticator version 6.6.0, version 6.5.3 and b…
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High 7.5
silverstripe/framework BackURL validation bypass with malformed URLs
A carefully constructed malformed URL can be used to circumvent the offsite redirection protection used on `BackURL` parameters. This could lead to users entering sensitive data in malicious websites instead of the intended one.
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Medium 5.8
Silverstripe External redirection risk in Security?ReturnURL
A vulnerability has been found in the SilverStripe framework where a login url can be potentially redirected to an external site. For example, the url http://www.my-silverstripe-site.com/Security/login?BackURL=/\attacker-site.com will redirect successful logi…
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High 7.2
Silverstripe X-Forwarded-Host request hostname injection
A potential hostname injection vulnerability has been found which could allow attackers to alter url resolution. If a request contains the X-Forwarded-Host HTTP header a website would then use its value in place of the actual HTTP hostname. In cases where cac…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect Bypass Protection
Umbraco is an ASP.NET CMS used by more than 730.000 websites. Umbraco has an endpoint that is vulnerable to open redirects. The endpoint is protected so it requires the user to be signed into backoffice before the vulnerable is exposed. This vulnerability has…
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Medium 6.1
OroPlatform Forced Redirect to External Website
OroPlatform is prone to open redirection which could allow attackers to redirect users to external website.
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Medium 6.1
OroCRM Forced Redirect to External Website
OroCRM is prone to open redirection which could allow attackers to redirect users to external website.
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Medium 4.3
Drupal core Open Redirect vulnerability
Drupal 7 has an Open Redirect vulnerability. For example, a user could be tricked into visiting a specially crafted link which would redirect them to an arbitrary external URL. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the destination query pa…
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Medium 5.8
Drupal Anonymous Open Redirect
Drupal core and contributed modules frequently use a "destination" query string parameter in URLs to redirect users to a new destination after completing an action on the current page. Under certain circumstances, malicious users can use this parameter to con…
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Medium —
Drupal External URL injection through URL aliases leading to Open Redirect
The path module in Drupal allows users with the 'administer paths' to create pretty URLs for content. In certain circumstances the user can enter a particular path that triggers an open redirect to a malicious url.
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Medium 4.3
Drupal core Open Redirect vulnerability
Drupal 7 has an Open Redirect vulnerability. For example, a user could be tricked into visiting a specially crafted link which would redirect them to an arbitrary external URL. The vulnerability is caused by insufficient validation of the destination query pa…
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Medium 5.8
Drupal Anonymous Open Redirect
Drupal core and contributed modules frequently use a "destination" query string parameter in URLs to redirect users to a new destination after completing an action on the current page. Under certain circumstances, malicious users can use this parameter to con…
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Medium —
Drupal External URL injection through URL aliases leading to Open Redirect
The path module in Drupal allows users with the 'administer paths' to create pretty URLs for content. In certain circumstances the user can enter a particular path that triggers an open redirect to a malicious url.
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Medium 4.7
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Crosswork Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) could allo…
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High 7.5
When a network error occurred during page load, the prior content could have remained in view with a blank URL bar. Thi…
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Medium 4.3
WP Compress – Image Optimizer [All-In-One] <= 6.20.01 - Open Redirect via css
The WP Compress – Image Optimizer [All-In-One plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 6.20.01. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url supplied via the 'css' parameter. This makes it possibl…
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Medium 6.1
Frappe vuilnerable to an open redirect on login page
Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 15.26.0 and 14.74.0, the login page accepts redirect argument and it allowed redirect to untrusted external URls. This behaviour can be used by malicious actors for phishing. This vulnerability is fix…
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Medium 6.1
ARMember – Membership Plugin, Content Restriction, Member Levels, User Profile & User signup <= 4.0.30 - Open Redirect
The ARMember – Membership Plugin, Content Restriction, Member Levels, User Profile & User signup plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Open Redirect in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.30. This is due to insufficient validation on the redirect url suppl…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Share This Image plugin <= 1.97 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in ILLID Share This Image.This issue affects Share This Image: from n/a through 1.97.
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Medium 4.7
An issue was discovered in ViewerJS 0.5.8. A script from the component loads content via URL TAGs without properly sani…
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High 8.8
An issue in Wifire Hotspot v.4.5.3 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload to the dst p…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Video Conferencing with Zoom plugin <= 4.4.4 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Deepen Bajracharya Video Conferencing with Zoom.This issue affects Video Conferencing with Zoom: from n/a through 4.4.4.
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Critical 9.1
BigBlueButton Greenlight Open Redirect vulnerability
Greenlight is an end-user interface for BigBlueButton servers. Versions prior to 2.13.0 have an open redirect vulnerability in the Login page due to unchecked the value of the `return_to` cookie. Versions 2.13.0 contains a patch for the issue.
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Critical 9.1
BigBlueButton Greenlight Open Redirect vulnerability
Greenlight is an end-user interface for BigBlueButton servers. Versions prior to 2.13.0 have an open redirect vulnerability in the Login page due to unchecked the value of the `return_to` cookie. Versions 2.13.0 contains a patch for the issue.