Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 6.0
Keycloak: xss via assertion consumer service url in saml post-binding flow
A flaw was found in the SAML client registration in Keycloak that could allow an administrator to register malicious JavaScript URIs as Assertion Consumer Service POST Binding URLs (ACS), posing a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) risk. This issue may allow a malici…
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Critical 9.1
Portainer before 2.20.0 allows redirects when the target is not index.yaml.
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Medium 4.1
WordPress FV Player plugin <= 7.5.44.7212 - Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Foliovision FV Flowplayer Video Player.This issue affects FV Flowplayer Video Player: from n/a through 7.5.44.7212.
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Medium 6.1
cg vulnerable to an Open Redirect Vulnerability on Referer Header
### Summary A vulnerability has been discovered in the handling of the referrer header in the application, which could allow an attacker to conduct open redirects. The issue arises from improper validation of the referrer header in certain conditions. By mani…
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High 7.0
SolarWinds Platform Arbitrary Open Redirection Vulnerability
The SolarWinds Platform was susceptible to a Arbitrary Open Redirection Vulnerability. A potential attacker can redirect to different domain when using URL parameter with relative entry in the correct format
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High 7.1
Keycloak: path traversal in the redirect validation
A flaw was found in Keycloak's redirect_uri validation logic. This issue may allow a bypass of otherwise explicitly allowed hosts. A successful attack may lead to the theft of an access token, making it possible for the attacker to impersonate other users. It…
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Medium 6.1
Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Workflow). Supported ve…
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High 8.1CVE-2024-22262 Public exploit
CVE-2024-22262: Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation
Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html a…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2024-1183 Scanner template
SSRF Vulnerability in gradio-app/gradio
An SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) vulnerability exists in the gradio-app/gradio repository, allowing attackers to scan and identify open ports within an internal network. By manipulating the 'file' parameter in a GET request, an attacker can discern the s…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Freshdesk (official) plugin <= 2.3.6 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Freshworks Freshdesk (official).This issue affects Freshdesk (official): from n/a through 2.3.6.
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect vulnerability in Corezoid Process Engine v6.5.0 allows attackers to redirect to arbitrary websites via ap…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP OAuth Server (OAuth Authentication) plugin <= 4.3.3 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in WP OAuth Server OAuth Server.This issue affects OAuth Server: from n/a through 4.3.3.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress App Builder plugin <= 3.8.7 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Appcheap.Io App Builder.This issue affects App Builder: from n/a through 3.8.7.
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Low 3.1
An Open Redirect vulnerability was found in Sipwise C5 NGCP Dashboard below mr11.5.1. The Open Redirect vulnerability a…
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Low 3.5
InstantCMS Open Redirect vulnerability
InstantCMS is a free and open source content management system. An open redirect was found in the ICMS2 application version 2.16.2 when being redirected after modifying one's own user profile. An attacker could trick a victim into visiting their web applicati…
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High 7.1
VMware SD-WAN Orchestrator contains an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious actor may be able to redirect a victim …
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High 7.3
A DOM-based open redirection in the returnUrl parameter of INSTINCT UI Web Client 6.5.0 allows attackers to redirect us…
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Medium 6.1
In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.03 open redirect was possible on the login page
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Medium 4.7CVE-2023-34020 Scanner template
WordPress Uncanny Toolkit for LearnDash plugin <= 3.6.4.3 - Open Redirection vulnerability
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Uncanny Owl Uncanny Toolkit for LearnDash.This issue affects Uncanny Toolkit for LearnDash: from n/a through 3.6.4.3.
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Medium 6.1
Express.js Open Redirect in malformed URLs
Express.js minimalist web framework for node. Versions of Express.js prior to 4.19.0 and all pre-release alpha and beta versions of 5.0 are affected by an open redirect vulnerability using malformed URLs. When a user of Express performs a redirect using a use…
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High 7.1
Open redirection in CDeX
Open redirection vulnerability in CDeX application allows to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a specially crafted URL.This issue affects CDeX application versions through 5.7.1.
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Medium 5.4
An open redirect in the Login/Logout functionality of web management in AVSystem Unified Management Platform (UMP) 23.0…
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High 8.1
CVE-2024-22259: Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation (2nd report)
Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder in Spring Framework to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/def…
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Medium 5.4
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site in OAuth2/OpenID in directus
Directus is a real-time API and App dashboard for managing SQL database content. The authentication API has a `redirect` parameter that can be exploited as an open redirect vulnerability as the user tries to log in via the API URL. There's a redirect that is …
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Low 3.5
Open redirection using the return_url parameter in Peering Manager
Peering Manager is a BGP session management tool. In Peering Manager <=1.8.2, it is possible to redirect users to an arbitrary page using a crafted url. As a result users can be redirected to an unexpected location. This issue has been addressed in version 1.…
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Medium 6.5
Multiple vulnerabilities in Rejetto's Http File Server
An open redirect vulnerability, the exploitation of which could allow an attacker to create a custom URL and redirect a legitimate page to a malicious site.
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Critical 9.8CVE-2024-22891 Public exploit
Nteract Remote Code Execution vulnerability
Nteract v.0.28.0 was discovered to contain a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the Markdown link.
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Medium 6.1
Docassemble open redirect
Docassemble is an expert system for guided interviews and document assembly. Prior to 1.4.97, it is possible to create a URL that acts as an open redirect. The vulnerability has been patched in version 1.4.97 of the master branch.
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High 8.1CVE-2024-22243 Public exploit
CVE-2024-22243: Spring Framework URL Parsing with Host Validation
Applications that use UriComponentsBuilder to parse an externally provided URL (e.g. through a query parameter) AND perform validation checks on the host of the parsed URL may be vulnerable to a open redirect https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html a…
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Medium 4.3CVE-2024-24763 Scanner template
JumpServer Open Redirect Vulnerability
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. Prior to version 3.10.0, attackers can exploit this vulnerability to construct malicious links, leading users to click on them, thereby facilitating phishing att…
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Medium 4.3
[20240202] - Core - Open redirect in installation application
Inadequate parsing of URLs could result into an open redirect.
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Medium 6.1
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP's HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect Can Be Circumvented via Two Forward Slashes
HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect in Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.3.12, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.4 before update 9, 7.3 service pack 3, 7.2 fix pack 15 through 18, and older unsupported versions can be circumvented by using two forward slas…
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-25608 Scanner template
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP's HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect Can Be Circumvented via Replacement Character
HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect in Liferay Portal 7.2.0 through 7.4.3.18, and older unsupported versions, and Liferay DXP 7.4 before update 19, 7.3 before update 4, 7.2 before fix pack 19, and older unsupported versions can be circumvented by using the 'REPLACEMENT C…
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Medium 6.1
Liferay Vulnerable to Open Redirect via Adaptive Media Administration Page
Open redirect vulnerability in adaptive media administration page in Liferay DXP 2023.Q3 before patch 6, and 7.4 GA through update 92 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the _com_liferay_adaptive_media_web_portlet_AMPortle…
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Medium 6.1
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Vulnerable to Open Redirect in Countries Management's Edit Region Page
Open redirect vulnerability in the Countries Management’s edit region page in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.45 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3 before patch 6, and 7.4 update 45 through 92 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs …
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect in github.com/greenpau/caddy-security
Versions of the package github.com/greenpau/caddy-security are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the redirect_url parameter. An attacker could perform a phishing attack and trick users into visiting a malicious website by crafting a convincing URL with this par…
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Medium 4.6
DOM-based HTML injection vulnerability in the main page of Darktrace Threat Visualizer version 6.1.27 (bundle version 6…
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Medium 6.1
Extension - smartcalc.es - Open redirect vulnerability in osTicky component for Joomla <= 2.2.8
An Open Redirect vulnerability was found in osTicky2 below 2.2.8. osTicky (osTicket Bridge) by SmartCalc is a Joomla 3.x extension that provides Joomla fronted integration with osTicket, a popular Support ticket system. The Open Redirect vulnerability allows …
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Medium 4.7
URL spoofing vulnerability exists in a-blog cms Ver.3.1.0 to Ver.3.1.8. If an attacker sends a specially crafted reques…
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Medium 6.1
Glewlwyd SSO server 2.x through 2.7.6 allows open redirection via redirect_uri.