Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Medium 6.1CVE-2024-24034 Public exploit
Setor Informatica S.I.L version 3.0 is vulnerable to Open Redirect via the hprinter parameter, allows remote attackers …
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Medium 4.7
pyLoad open redirect vulnerability due to improper validation of the is_safe_url function
pyLoad is an open-source Download Manager written in pure Python. There is an open redirect vulnerability due to incorrect validation of input values when redirecting users after login. pyLoad is validating URLs via the `get_redirect_url` function when redire…
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Medium 6.1
An issue in the component /member/index/login of yzmcms v7.0 allows attackers to direct users to malicious sites via a …
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Medium 6.1
When a user scans a QR Code with the QR Code Scanner feature, the user is not prompted before being navigated to the pa…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect in Rapid SCADA
In Rapid Software LLC's Rapid SCADA versions prior to Version 5.8.4, an attacker can redirect users to malicious pages through the login page.
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High 7.1
Keycloak: redirect_uri validation bypass
A flaw was found in the redirect_uri validation logic in Keycloak. This issue may allow a bypass of otherwise explicitly allowed hosts. A successful attack may lead to an access token being stolen, making it possible for the attacker to impersonate other user…
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Low 3.4
WordPress Simple Membership Plugin <= 4.4.1 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in smp7, wp.Insider Simple Membership.This issue affects Simple Membership: from n/a through 4.4.1.
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Medium 5.4
URL redirection to untrusted site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in file access component in Synology DiskStation Mana…
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Low 3.5
CodeAstro Internet Banking System pages_client_signup.php redirect
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in CodeAstro Internet Banking System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file pages_client_signup.php. The manipulation of the argument Client Full Name with the input <meta http-equiv="refr…
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect vulnerability in Access analysis CGI An-Analyzer released in 2023 December 31 and earlier allows a remote…
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Medium 6.5
IBM Storage Defender HTTP HOST header injection
IBM Storage Defender - Data Protect 1.0.0 through 1.4.1 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-…
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Low 3.1
Open redirect in user_saml via RelayState parameter in Nextcloud User Saml
Nextcloud User Saml is an app for authenticating Nextcloud users using SAML. In affected versions users can be given a link to the Nextcloud server and end up on a uncontrolled thirdparty server. It is recommended that the User Saml app is upgraded to version…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect vulnerability in FireEye HXTool
Open Redirect vulnerability in FireEye HXTool affecting version 4.6, the exploitation of which could allow an attacker to redirect a legitimate user to a malicious page by changing the 'redirect_uri' parameter.
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Medium 5.3
CodeCanyon RISE Ultimate Project Manager signin redirect
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in CodeCanyon RISE Ultimate Project Manager 3.5.3. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /index.php/signin. The manipulation of the argument redirect with the input http://evil.com leads to ope…
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Medium 6.1
Zentao versions 4.1.3 and before has a URL redirect vulnerability, which prevents the system from functioning properly.
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Low 3.7
URL Redirection vulnerability in SAP Marketing (Contacts App)
SAP Marketing (Contacts App) - version 160, allows an attacker with low privileges to trick a user to open malicious page which could lead to a very convincing phishing attack with low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application.
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in TasmoAdmin
Lack of "current" GET parameter validation during the action of changing a language leads to an open redirect vulnerability.
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Medium 6.5CVE-2024-21641 Scanner template
Flarum's Logout Route allows open redirects
Flarum is open source discussion platform software. Prior to version 1.8.5, the Flarum `/logout` route includes a redirect parameter that allows any third party to redirect users from a (trusted) domain of the Flarum installation to redirect to any link. For …
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Low 3.7
Open Redirect affects DRYiCE MyXalytics
HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics is impacted by an Open Redirect vulnerability which could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious sites, potentially leading to phishing attacks or other security threats.
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High 7.3
Follow Redirects improperly handles URLs in the url.parse() function
Versions of the package follow-redirects before 1.15.4 are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to the improper handling of URLs by the url.parse() function. When new URL() throws an error, it can be manipulated to misinterpret the hostname. An attacke…
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Medium 4.1
WordPress Calculated Fields Form Plugin <= 1.2.28 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CodePeople Calculated Fields Form.This issue affects Calculated Fields Form: from n/a through 1.2.28.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Advanced Access Manager Plugin <= 6.9.18 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in AAM Advanced Access Manager – Restricted Content, Users & Roles, Enhanced Security and More.This issue affects Advanced Access Manager – Restricted Content, Users & Roles, Enhanced Security …
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Medium 4.7
WordPress MailChimp Subscribe Forms Plugin <= 4.0.9.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in PluginOps MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder.This issue affects MailChimp Subscribe Form, Optin Builder, PopUp Builder, Form Builder: from n/a through 4.0.9…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Library Viewer Plugin <= 2.0.6 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Pexle Chris Library Viewer.This issue affects Library Viewer: from n/a through 2.0.6.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Zephyr Project Manager Plugin <= 3.3.9 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Dylan James Zephyr Project Manager.This issue affects Zephyr Project Manager: from n/a through 3.3.9.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress WP Directory Kit Plugin <= 1.1.9 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in WP Directory Kit.This issue affects WP Directory Kit: from n/a through 1.1.9.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for Contact Form 7 HubSpot Plugin <= 1.2.8 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for HubSpot and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms.This issue affects Integration for HubSpot and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms: from n/a…
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Low 3.7
WordPress Solid Security Plugin <= 8.1.4 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in SolidWP Solid Security – Password, Two Factor Authentication, and Brute Force Protection.This issue affects Solid Security – Password, Two Factor Authentication, and Brute Force Protection: …
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect vulnerability in Flask-Security-Too
An open redirect vulnerability in the python package Flask-Security-Too <=5.3.2 allows attackers to redirect unsuspecting users to malicious sites via a crafted URL by abusing the ?next parameter on the /login and /register routes.
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Medium 4.3
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in EFACEC UC 500E
An attacker could construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain and could be leveraged to facilitate phishing attacks against application users.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Parcel Pro Plugin <= 1.6.11 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Parcel Pro.This issue affects Parcel Pro: from n/a through 1.6.11.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Core Web Vitals & PageSpeed Booster Plugin <= 1.0.12 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Magazine3 Core Web Vitals & PageSpeed Booster.This issue affects Core Web Vitals & PageSpeed Booster: from n/a through 1.0.12.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for Contact Form 7 and Salesforce Plugin <= 1.3.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for Salesforce and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms.This issue affects Integration for Salesforce and Contact Form 7, WPForms, Elementor, Ninja Forms: fr…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for WooCommerce and QuickBooks Plugin <= 1.2.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for WooCommerce and QuickBooks.This issue affects Integration for WooCommerce and QuickBooks: from n/a through 1.2.3.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Integration for WooCommerce and Zoho CRM Plugin < 1.3.7 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in CRM Perks Integration for WooCommerce and Zoho CRM, Books, Invoice, Inventory, Bigin.This issue affects Integration for WooCommerce and Zoho CRM, Books, Invoice, Inventory, Bigin: from n/a b…
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Doofinder for WooCommerce Plugin <= 1.5.49 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Doofinder Doofinder WP & WooCommerce Search.This issue affects Doofinder WP & WooCommerce Search: from n/a through 1.5.49.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress Login and Logout Redirect Plugin <= 2.0.3 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Swapnil V. Patil Login and Logout Redirect.This issue affects Login and Logout Redirect: from n/a through 2.0.3.
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Medium 4.7
WordPress affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin Plugin <= 3.3.9 is vulnerable to Open Redirection
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in SERVIT Software Solutions affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin.This issue affects affiliate-toolkit – WordPress Affiliate Plugin: from n/a through 3.3.9.
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Medium 4.6
Keycloak: open redirect via "form_post.jwt" jarm response mode
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This issue may allow an attacker to steal authorization codes or tokens from clients using a wildcard in the JARM response mode "form_post.jwt" which could be used to bypass the security patch implemented to address CVE-2023-6134.
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Medium 4.7
Beckhoff: Open redirect in TwinCAT/BSD package authelia-bhf
The package authelia-bhf included in Beckhoffs TwinCAT/BSD is prone to an open redirect that allows a remote unprivileged attacker to redirect a user to another site. This may have limited impact to integrity and does solely affect anthelia-bhf the Beckhoff f…