Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
-
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
-
Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.1
TCMAN GIM open redirect vulnerability
TCMAN GIM is affected by an open redirect vulnerability. This vulnerability allows the redirection of user navigation to pages controlled by the attacker. The exploitation of this vulnerability might allow a remote attacker to obtain information.
-
Medium 6.4
Open redirect in nextjs-auth0
The Auth0 Next.js SDK is a library for implementing user authentication in Next.js applications. Versions before 1.6.2 do not filter out certain returnTo parameter values from the login url, which expose the application to an open redirect vulnerability. User…
-
High 7.3
Open Redirect in openwhyd/openwhyd
openwhyd is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Medium 6.5
Open Redirect in star7th/showdoc
showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Medium 6.5
Open Redirect in star7th/showdoc
showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Medium 6.1CVE-2021-38000 Exploited
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Intents in Google Chrome on Android prior to 95.0.4638.69 allowed a remot…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Medium 5.4
Cisco Webex Video Mesh Arbitrary Site Redirection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Webex Video Mesh could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in an HTTP…
-
Medium 4.8
Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Cross-Site Scripting and Open Redirect Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an attacker to execute a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack or an open redirect attack. For more information about these vulnerabilit…
-
Medium 4.8
Cisco Firepower Management Center Software Cross-Site Scripting and Open Redirect Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an attacker to execute a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack or an open redirect attack. For more information about these vulnerabilit…
-
Medium 5.0
Open Redirect in firefly-iii/firefly-iii
firefly-iii is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Medium 6.1
Open Redirect in ActionPack
A possible open redirect vulnerability in the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack >= 6.0.0 that could allow attackers to redirect users to a malicious website.
-
Medium 6.1
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in fastify-static
A redirect vulnerability in the fastify-static module version < 4.2.4 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary websites via a double slash // followed by a domain: http://localhost:3000//google.com/%2e%2e.The issue shows up on all the fastify-st…
-
High 8.8
DOS and Open Redirect with user input
A redirect vulnerability in the `fastify-static` module version >= 4.2.4 and < 4.4.1 allows remote attackers to redirect Mozilla Firefox users to arbitrary websites via a double slash `//` followed by a domain: `http://localhost:3000//a//youtube.com/%2e%2e%2f…
-
Unscored —
A Host Header Redirection vulnerability in SonicOS potentially allows a remote attacker to redirect firewall management…
-
Medium 4.7
Cisco Orbital Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Orbital could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious webpage. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of URL paths in the web-based management interfac…
-
Unscored —
On version 14.1.x before 14.1.4.4 and all versions of 13.1.x, an open redirect vulnerability exists on virtual servers …
-
Medium 4.9
Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager versions prior to version 4.5.4 and 5.0.1
Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager prior to 5.0.1 and 4.5.4
-
High 7.6
Open Redirect
This affects the package clearance before 2.5.0. The vulnerability can be possible when users are able to set the value of session[:return_to]. If the value used for return_to contains multiple leading slashes (/////example.com) the user ends up being redirec…
-
High 7.2
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in Flask-AppBuilder
Flask-AppBuilder is an application development framework, built on top of Flask. In affected versions if using Flask-AppBuilder OAuth, an attacker can share a carefully crafted URL with a trusted domain for an application built with Flask-AppBuilder, this URL…
-
Low 2.7
Holes in EndpointSlice Validation Enable Host Network Hijack
A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where a user may be able to redirect pod traffic to private networks on a Node. Kubernetes already prevents creation of Endpoint IPs in the localhost or link-local range, but the same validation was not performed …
-
Medium 4.7
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in mod_auth_openidc
mod_auth_openidc is an authentication/authorization module for the Apache 2.x HTTP server that functions as an OpenID Connect Relying Party, authenticating users against an OpenID Connect Provider. In versions prior to 2.4.9.4, the 3rd-party init SSO function…
-
Medium 4.7
Nested Pages <= 3.1.15 Open Redirect
The Nested Pages WordPress plugin <= 3.1.15 was vulnerable to an Open Redirect via the `page` POST parameter in the `npBulkActions`, `npBulkEdit`, `npListingSort`, and `npCategoryFilter` `admin_post` actions.
-
Medium 6.9
Open Redirect in Next.js versions below 11.1.0
Next.js is an open source website development framework to be used with the React library. In affected versions specially encoded paths could be used when pages/_error.js was statically generated allowing an open redirect to occur to an external site. In gene…
-
Unscored —
UAA server versions prior to 75.4.0 are vulnerable to an open redirect vulnerability. A malicious user can exploit the …
-
Medium 6.1
SAP NetWeaver Knowledge Management allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary websites and conduct phishing…
-
Medium 6.1
Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Allows Arbitrary Redirect of Users to External URLs
Open redirect vulnerability in the Notifications module in Liferay Portal 7.0.0 through 7.3.1, and Liferay DXP 7.0 before fix pack 94, 7.1 before fix pack 19 and 7.2 before fix pack 8, allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via t…
-
Medium 6.1
Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.40.00 contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker …
-
Medium 6.1
Dell EMC iDRAC9 versions prior to 4.40.40.00 contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker …
-
Medium 6.5
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in Products.isurlinportal
Products.isurlinportal is a replacement for isURLInPortal method in Plone. Versions of Products.isurlinportal prior to 1.2.0 have an Open Redirect vulnerability. Various parts of Plone use the 'is url in portal' check for security, mostly to see if it is safe…
-
Medium 6.1
Dell EMC Avamar Server contains an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker may exploit this vuln…
-
Medium 5.3
Open Redirect in unshiftio/url-parse
url-parse is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Medium 4.7
Open Redirect in oidc_validate_redirect_url()
mod_auth_openidc is an authentication/authorization module for the Apache 2.x HTTP server that functions as an OpenID Connect Relying Party, authenticating users against an OpenID Connect Provider. In versions prior to 2.4.9, `oidc_validate_redirect_url()` do…
-
Medium 6.1
Learningdigital.com, Inc. Orca HCM - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
The specific function of the Orca HCM digital learning platform does not filter input parameters properly, which causing the URL can be redirected to any website. Remote attackers can use the vulnerability to execute phishing attacks.
-
Medium 5.3
Open Redirect in medialize/URI.js
URI.js is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
-
Unscored —CVE-2021-24406 Scanner template
wpForo Forum < 1.9.7 - Open Redirect
The wpForo Forum WordPress plugin before 1.9.7 did not validate the redirect_to parameter in the login form of the forum, leading to an open redirect issue after a successful login. Such issue could allow an attacker to induce a user to use a login URL redire…
-
Medium 5.4
Open Redirect
This affects all versions of package Flask-User. When using the make_safe_url function, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple back slashes such as /////evil.com/path or \\\evil.com/path. This vul…
-
Medium 6.1
Open redirect vulnerability in Jenkins CAS Plugin
Jenkins CAS Plugin 1.6.0 and earlier improperly determines that a redirect URL after login is legitimately pointing to Jenkins, allowing attackers to perform phishing attacks.
-
Medium 4.7
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in github.com/AndrewBurian/powermux
PowerMux is a drop-in replacement for Go's http.ServeMux. In PowerMux versions prior to 1.1.1, attackers may be able to craft phishing links and other open redirects by exploiting the trailing slash redirection feature. This may lead to users being redirected…
-
Medium 4.4
URL redirection to untrusted site possible in Avaya Aura Experience Portal
A vulnerability in the system Service Menu component of Avaya Aura Experience Portal may allow URL Redirection to any untrusted site through a crafted attack. Affected versions include 7.0 through 7.2.3 (without hotfix) and 8.0.0 (without hotfix).
-
Unscored —
It was found in vanilla forums before 2.0.10 a potential linkbait vulnerability in dispatcher.