Weakness (CWE)
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How to prevent it (6 mitigations)
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
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Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
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Operation
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Source: MITRE CWE-601
1,466 results · Feed
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Unscored —
Advantech WebAccess/SCADA Versions 9.0.1 and prior is vulnerable to redirection, which may allow an attacker to send a …
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Unscored —CVE-2021-24358 Scanner template
The Plus Addons for Elementor Page Builder < 4.1.10 - Open Redirect
The Plus Addons for Elementor Page Builder WordPress plugin before 4.1.10 did not validate a redirect parameter on a specifically crafted URL before redirecting the user to it, leading to an Open Redirect issue.
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Medium 6.1
Possible Open Redirect Vulnerability in Action Pack
The actionpack ruby gem before 6.1.3.2 suffers from a possible open redirect vulnerability. Specially crafted Host headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a mal…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect
This affects the package Flask-Unchained before 0.9.0. When using the the _validate_redirect_url function, it is possible to bypass URL validation and redirect a user to an arbitrary URL by providing multiple back slashes such as \\\evil.com/path. This vulner…
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Webex Meetings and Webex Meetings Server File Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings and Cisco Webex Meetings Server could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect users to a malicious file. This vulnerability is due to improper validation of URL paths in the application interface. An attac…
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Medium 6.1
Open Redirect or SSRF vulnerability usage of parseURL
In Apache Dubbo prior to 2.6.9 and 2.7.9, the usage of parseURL method will lead to the bypass of white host check which can cause open redirect or SSRF vulnerability.
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Medium 4.3
Open Redirect in tenancy
Tenancy multi-tenant is an open source multi-domain controller for the Laravel web framework. In some situations, it is possible to have open redirects where users can be redirected from your site to any other site using a specially crafted URL. This is only …
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect
The package trailing-slash before 2.0.1 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the use of trailing double slashes in the URL when accessing the vulnerable endpoint (such as https://example.com//attacker.example/). The vulnerable code is in index.js::createTraili…
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Finesse Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Finesse could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an undesired web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in an HTTP request…
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Medium 6.5
Arbitrary redirects under /new endpoint
Prometheus is an open-source monitoring system and time series database. In 2.23.0, Prometheus changed its default UI to the New ui. To ensure a seamless transition, the URL's prefixed by /new redirect to /. Due to a bug in the code, it is possible for an att…
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Low 3.1CVE-2021-32618 Scanner template
Open Redirect Vulnerability
The Python "Flask-Security-Too" package is used for adding security features to your Flask application. It is an is an independently maintained version of Flask-Security based on the 3.0.0 version of Flask-Security. All versions of Flask-Security-Too allow re…
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Medium 5.4
Open Redirect
The package koa-remove-trailing-slashes before 2.0.2 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the use of trailing double slashes in the URL when accessing the vulnerable endpoint (such as https://example.com//attacker.example/). The vulnerable code is in index.js:…
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Unscored —CVE-2021-24288 Scanner template
AcyMailing < 7.5.0 - Unauthenticated Open Redirect
When subscribing using AcyMailing, the 'redirect' parameter isn't properly sanitized. Turning the request from POST to GET, an attacker can craft a link containing a potentially malicious landing page and send it to the victim.
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Medium 4.7
Cisco Integrated Management Controller Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page. This vulnerability is due to improper input validation o…
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Medium 6.1
Drupal Core Open Redirect vulnerability
Open Redirect vulnerability in Drupal Core allows a user to be tricked into visiting a specially crafted link which would redirect them to an arbitrary external URL. This issue affects: Drupal Drupal Core 7 version 7.70 and prior versions.
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Medium 6.1CVE-2021-28125 EPSS 64%
Apache Superset Open Redirect
Apache Superset up to and including 1.0.1 allowed for the creation of an external URL that could be malicious. By not checking user input for open redirects the URL shortener functionality would allow for a malicious user to create a short URL for a dashboard…
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Medium 5.7
Authelia allows open redirects on the logout endpoint
Authelia is an open-source authentication and authorization server providing 2-factor authentication and single sign-on (SSO) for your applications via a web portal. In versions 4.27.4 and earlier, utilizing a HTTP query parameter an attacker is able to redir…
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Medium 6.3
Open redirect via transitional IPv6 addresses on dual-stack networks
Synapse is a Matrix reference homeserver written in python (pypi package matrix-synapse). Matrix is an ecosystem for open federated Instant Messaging and VoIP. In Synapse before version 1.28.0 requests to user provided domains were not restricted to external …
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Unscored —CVE-2021-24210 Scanner template
PhastPress < 1.111 - Open Redirect
There is an open redirect in the PhastPress WordPress plugin before 1.111 that allows an attacker to malform a request to a page with the plugin and then redirect the victim to a malicious page. There is also a support comment from another user one year ago (…
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Unscored —CVE-2021-24165 Scanner template
Ninja Forms < 3.4.34 - Administrator Open Redirect
In the Ninja Forms Contact Form WordPress plugin before 3.4.34, the wp_ajax_nf_oauth_connect AJAX action was vulnerable to open redirect due to the use of a user supplied redirect parameter and no protection in place.
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Medium 6.1
pomerium_signature is not verified in middleware in github.com/pomerium/pomerium
Pomerium from version 0.10.0-0.13.3 has an Open Redirect in the user sign-in/out process
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Medium 6.3
JWT leak via Open Redirect in Programmatic access
Pomerium before 0.13.4 has an Open Redirect (issue 1 of 2).
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Medium 6.3
McAfee ePO unvalidated URL redirect vulnerability
Unvalidated client-side URL redirect vulnerability in McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator (ePO) prior to 5.10 Update 10 could cause an authenticated ePO user to load an untrusted site in an ePO iframe which could steal information from the authenticated user.
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High 8.2
AppStore Remote Download and Installation Vulnerability
The appstore before 8.12.0.0 exposes some of its components, and the attacker can cause remote download and install apps through carefully constructed parameters.
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Medium 4.8
Open Redirect in OMERO.web
OMERO.web is open source Django-based software for managing microscopy imaging. OMERO.web before version 5.9.0 supports redirection to a given URL after performing login or switching the group context. These URLs are not validated, allowing redirection to unt…
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Medium 4.7
Open Redirection in Login Handling
TYPO3 is an open source PHP based web content management system. In TYPO3 before versions 6.2.57, 7.6.51, 8.7.40, 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1 it has been discovered that Login Handling is susceptible to open redirection which allows attackers redirecting to arbit…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where fo…
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Unscored —CVE-2019-14830 Public exploit
A vulnerability was found in Moodle 3.7 to 3.7.1, 3.6 to 3.6.5, 3.5 to 3.5.7 and earlier unsupported versions, where th…
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Medium 5.7CVE-2021-21337 Public exploit
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') in Products.PluggableAuthService
Products.PluggableAuthService is a pluggable Zope authentication and authorization framework. In Products.PluggableAuthService before version 2.6.0 there is an open redirect vulnerability. A maliciously crafted link to the login form and login functionality c…
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High 7.4
Open redirect in pollbot
Pollbot is open source software which "frees its human masters from the toilsome task of polling for the state of things during the Firefox release process." In Pollbot before version 1.4.4 there is an open redirection vulnerability in the path of "https://po…
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Low 3.1
Open redirects on some federation and push requests
Synapse is a Matrix reference homeserver written in python (pypi package matrix-synapse). Matrix is an ecosystem for open federated Instant Messaging and VoIP. In Synapse before version 1.25.0, requests to user provided domains were not restricted to external…
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Low 3.1
Open redirect vulnerability in aiohttp
aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. In aiohttp before version 3.7.4 there is an open redirect vulnerability. A maliciously crafted link to an aiohttp-based web-server could redirect the browser to a different websit…
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Medium 6.1
Open redirect in Slashify
The slashify package 1.0.0 for Node.js allows open-redirect attacks, as demonstrated by a localhost:3000///example.com/ substring.
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Medium 6.1
Actionpack Open Redirect Vulnerability
The Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack before 6.1.2.1, 6.0.3.5 suffers from an open redirect vulnerability. Specially crafted `Host` headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pac…
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Low 3.3
OIDC Logout redirect in keycloak
A vulnerability was found in keycloak in the way that the OIDC logout endpoint does not have CSRF protection. Versions shipped with Red Hat Fuse 7, Red Hat Single Sign-on 7, and Red Hat Openshift Application Runtimes are believed to be vulnerable.
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Medium 6.1
An open redirect vulnerability exists in the return_page redirection functionality of phpGACL 3.3.7, OpenEMR 5.0.2 and …
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Medium 4.7
Subdomain checking of whitelisted domains could allow unintended redirects
OAuth2 Proxy is an open-source reverse proxy and static file server that provides authentication using Providers (Google, GitHub, and others) to validate accounts by email, domain or group. In OAuth2 Proxy before version 7.0.0, for users that use the whitelis…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in Keycloak Gatekeeper (Louketo). The logout endpoint can be abused to redirect logged-in users to arb…
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Unscored —
Revive Adserver before 5.1.0 is vulnerable to open redirects via the `dest`, `oadest`, and/or `ct0` parameters of the l…
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Medium 4.6
Cisco Smart Software Manager Satellite Open Redirect Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web management interface of Cisco Smart Software Manager satellite could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to an undesired web page. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the URL parameters in…