Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
507 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8CVE-2026-34005 Public exploit
In Sofia on Xiongmai DVR/NVR (AHB7008T-MH-V2 and NBD7024H-P) 4.03.R11 devices, root OS command injection can occur via …
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High 7.6CVE-2026-33718 Public exploit
OpenHands is Vulnerable to Command Injection through its Git Diff Handler
OpenHands is software for AI-driven development. Starting in version 1.5.0, a Command Injection vulnerability exists in the `get_git_diff()` method at `openhands/runtime/utils/git_handler.py:134`. The `path` parameter from the `/api/conversations/{conversatio…
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High 8.0CVE-2026-1961 Public exploit
Forman: foreman: remote code execution via command injection in websocket proxy
A flaw was found in Foreman. A remote attacker could exploit a command injection vulnerability in Foreman's WebSocket proxy implementation. This vulnerability arises from the system's use of unsanitized hostname values from compute resource providers when con…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26831 Public exploit
textract is vulnerable to OS Command Injection
textract through 2.5.0 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via the file path parameter in multiple extractors. When processing files with malicious filenames, the filePath is passed directly to child_process.exec() in lib/extractors/doc.js, rtf.js, dxf.js, …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26830 Public exploit
pdf-image has an OS Command Injection Vulnerability through its pdfFilePath parameter
pdf-image (npm package) through version 2.0.0 allows OS command injection via the pdfFilePath parameter. The constructGetInfoCommand and constructConvertCommandForPage functions use util.format() to interpolate user-controlled file paths into shell command st…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26833 Public exploit
thumbler allows OS Command Injection
thumbler through 1.1.2 allows OS command injection via the input, output, time, or size parameter in the thumbnail() function because user input is concatenated into a shell command string passed to child_process.exec() without proper sanitization or escaping.
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26832 Public exploit
node-tesseract-ocr is vulnerable to OS Command Injection through unsanitized recognize() function parameter
node-tesseract-ocr is an npm package that provides a Node.js wrapper for Tesseract OCR. In all versions through 2.2.1, the recognize() function in src/index.js is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. The file path parameter is concatenated into a shell command…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-33310 Public exploit
Intake has a Command Injection via shell() Expansion in Parameter Defaults
Intake is a package for finding, investigating, loading and disseminating data. Prior to version 2.0.9, the shell() syntax within parameter default values appears to be automatically expanded during the catalog parsing process. If a catalog contains a paramet…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-33475 Public exploit
Langflow GitHub Actions Shell Injection
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. An unauthenticated remote shell injection vulnerability exists in multiple GitHub Actions workflows in the Langflow repository prior to version 1.9.0. Unsanitized interpolation of …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-33154 Public exploit
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-32238 Public exploit
OpenEMR has Remote Code Execution in backup functionality
OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Versions prior to 8.0.0.2 contain a Command injection vulnerability in the backup functionality that can be exploited by authenticated attackers. The vuln…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-4253 Public exploit
Tenda AC8 Web UploadCfg route_set_user_policy_rule os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda AC8 16.03.50.11. This affects the function route_set_user_policy_rule of the file /cgi-bin/UploadCfg of the component Web Interface. The manipulation of the argument wans.policy.list1 results in os command injectio…
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High 8.5CVE-2026-3227 Public exploit
Authenticated Command Injection on TP-Link TL-WR802N, TL-WR841N and TL-WR840N
A command injection vulnerability was identified in TP-Link TL-WR802N v4, TL-WR841N v14, and TL-WR840N v6 due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command. In the router configuration import function allows an authenticated attacker to…
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Critical 9.8
Lantronix EDS5000, G520, and X300 OS Command Injection
An issue was discovered in Lantronix EDS5000 2.1.0.0R3. The HTTP RPC module executes a shell command to write logs when user's authentication fails. The username is directly concatenated with the command without any sanitization. This allow attackers to injec…
KEV Jun 23, 2026 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-29058 Public exploit
AVideo: Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via base64Url in objects/getImage.php
AVideo is a video-sharing Platform software. Prior to version 7.0, an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on the server by injecting shell command substitution into the base64Url GET parameter. This can lead to full server compromise, d…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2026-28517 Public exploit
openDCIM <= 23.04 OS Command Injection via dot Configuration Parameter
openDCIM version 23.04, through commit 4467e9c4, contains an OS command injection vulnerability in report_network_map.php. The application retrieves the 'dot' configuration parameter from the database and passes it directly to exec() without validation or san…
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High 7.7CVE-2026-27938 Public exploit
WPGraphQL Repo Vulnerable to Command Injection via Unsanitized GitHub Actions Expression in Release Workflow
WPGraphQL provides a GraphQL API for WordPress sites. Prior to version 2.9.1, the `wp-graphql/wp-graphql` repository contains a GitHub Actions workflow (`release.yml`) vulnerable to OS command injection through direct use of `${{ github.event.pull_request.bod…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-27626 Public exploit
OliveTin vulnerable to OS Command Injection via `password` argument type and webhook JSON extraction bypasses shell safety checks
OliveTin gives access to predefined shell commands from a web interface. In versions up to and including 3000.10.0, OliveTin's shell mode safety check (`checkShellArgumentSafety`) blocks several dangerous argument types but not `password`. A user supplying a …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-22553 Public exploit
InSAT MasterSCADA BUK-TS OS Command Injection
All versions of InSAT MasterSCADA BUK-TS are susceptible to OS command injection through a field in its MMadmServ web interface. Malicious users that use the vulnerable endpoint are potentially able to cause remote code execution.
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-3102 Public exploit
exiftool PNG File MacOS.pm SetMacOSTags os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in exiftool up to 13.49 on macOS. This issue affects the function SetMacOSTags of the file lib/Image/ExifTool/MacOS.pm of the component PNG File Parser. This manipulation of the argument DateTimeOriginal causes os command inject…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-1459 Public exploit
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the TR-369 certificate download CGI program of the Zyxel VMG36…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-26331 Public exploit
yt-dlp: Arbitrary Command Injection when using the `--netrc-cmd` option
yt-dlp is a command-line audio/video downloader. Starting in version 2023.06.21 and prior to version 2026.02.21, when yt-dlp's `--netrc-cmd` command-line option (or `netrc_cmd` Python API parameter) is used, an attacker could achieve arbitrary command injecti…
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Medium 5.9CVE-2026-26189 Public exploit
Trivy Action has a script injection via sourced env file in composite action
Trivy Action runs Trivy as GitHub action to scan a Docker container image for vulnerabilities. A command injection vulnerability exists in `aquasecurity/trivy-action` versions 0.31.0 through 0.33.1 due to improper handling of action inputs when exporting envi…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-27175 Public exploit
MajorDoMo Command Injection in rc/index.php via Race Condition
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) is vulnerable to unauthenticated OS command injection via rc/index.php. The $param variable from user input is interpolated into a command string within double quotes without sanitization via escapeshellarg(). The command…
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High 7.2
Advantech WISE-6610-NB Background Management openvpn_apply os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Advantech WISE-6610-NB, WISE-6610-EB, WISE-6610-TB, WISE-6610-JB, WISE-6610-CB, WISE-6610-EL-NB, WISE-6610-EL-EB, WISE-6610-EL-TB, WISE-6610-EL-JB, WISE-6610-EL-CB, WISE-6610P-DEA, WISE-6610P-DNA and WISE-6610P-DTA 1.2.1_2025…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-65791 Public exploit
ZoneMinder v1.36.34 is vulnerable to Command Injection in web/views/image.php. The application passes unsanitized user …
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High 8.8CVE-2025-70828 Public exploit
An issue in Datart v1.0.0-rc.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via the url parameter in the JDBC configurati…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-11142 Public exploit
The VAPIX API mediaclip.cgi that did not have a sufficient input validation allowing for a possible remote code executi…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-25857 Public exploit
Tenda G300-F Command Injection via formSetWanDiag
Tenda G300-F router firmware version 16.01.14.2 and prior contain an OS command injection vulnerability in the WAN diagnostic functionality (formSetWanDiag). The implementation constructs a shell command that invokes curl and incorporates attacker-controlled …
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Critical 9.9
Remote code execution vulnerability in BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and Privileged Remote Access (PRA)
BeyondTrust Remote Support (RS) and certain older versions of Privileged Remote Access (PRA) contain a critical pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability. By sending specially crafted requests, an unauthenticated remote attacker may be able to ex…
KEV Feb 13, 2026 -
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-25643 Public exploit
Frigate Affected by Authenticated Remote Command Execution (RCE) and Container Escape
Frigate is a network video recorder (NVR) with realtime local object detection for IP cameras. Prior to 0.16.4, a critical Remote Command Execution (RCE) vulnerability has been identified in the Frigate integration with go2rtc. The application does not saniti…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-69212 Public exploit
OpenSTAManager has an OS Command Injection in P7M File Processing
OpenSTAManager is an open source management software for technical assistance and invoicing. In 2.9.8 and earlier, a critical OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the P7M (signed XML) file decoding functionality. An authenticated attacker can upload a…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-25546 Public exploit
Godot MCP is vulnerable to Command Injection via unsanitized projectPath
Godot MCP is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for interacting with the Godot game engine. Prior to version 0.1.1, a command injection vulnerability in godot-mcp allows remote code execution. The executeOperation function passed user-controlled input (e.g…
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Critical 9.4
Group-Office is vulnerable to RCE due to Command Injection via TNEF Attachment Handler
Group-Office is an enterprise customer relationship management and groupware tool. Prior to versions 6.8.150, 25.0.82, and 26.0.5, there is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Group-Office. The endpoint email/message/tnefAttachmentFromTempFile dire…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-25053 Public exploit
n8n is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection in Git Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.10 and 2.5.0, vulnerabilities in the Git node allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to execute arbitrary system commands or read arbitrary files on…
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High 8.5CVE-2026-22226 Public exploit
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 and AX73
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication in the VPN server configuration module on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and Archer AX73 v2. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of …
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High 8.0CVE-2025-9974 Public exploit
Insufficient Input Validation on WEBUI in Nokia ONT/Beacon product
The unified WEBUI application of the ONT/Beacon device contains an input handling flaw that allows authenticated users to trigger unintended system-level command execution. Due to insufficient validation of user-supplied data, a low-privileged authenticated a…
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Critical 9.7CVE-2026-25130 Public exploit
Cybersecurity AI vulnerable to command Injection through argument injection in find_file Agent tool
Cybersecurity AI (CAI) is a framework for AI Security. In versions up to and including 0.5.10, the CAI (Cybersecurity AI) framework contains multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in its function tools. User-controlled input is passed directly to shell c…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-0709 Public exploit
Some Hikvision Wireless Access Points are vulnerable to authenticated command execution due to insufficient input valid…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-24841 Public exploit
Dokploy Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Docker Container Terminal WebSocket Endpoint
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). In versions prior to 0.26.6, a critical command injection vulnerability exists in Dokploy's WebSocket endpoint `/docker-container-terminal`. The `containerId` and `activeWay` parameters are direct…