Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,697 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.0
Kenwood DNR1007XR JKGenService Command Injection Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Kenwood DNR1007XR JKGenService Command Injection Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Kenwood DNR1007XR devices. An attacker must first obtain the ability to ex…
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High 8.8
NoMachine getstat Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
NoMachine getstat Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NoMachine. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw e…
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper validation of the ODMDIR environment variable.
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High 7.8
accountsservice: shell injection via attacker-controlled ~/.pam_environment in Ubuntu language helper scripts
The Ubuntu-specific language helper scripts (save-to-pam-env, update-langlist) shipped with accountsservice before 23.13.9-8ubuntu7 treat the user-controlled LANGUAGE entry in ~/.pam_environment as trusted input. The value is interpolated unescaped into a GNU…
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High 7.7
n8n before 1.123.69 Remote Code Execution via Git Node Configuration Values
n8n before 1.123.69 (and 2.x before 2.33.4 / 2.34.1) contains a code execution vulnerability in the Git node. The Git node executed certain repository-local git configuration values without neutralizing them, so any subsequent Git node operation against a rep…
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High 8.7
n8n before 1.123.69 Arbitrary File Read and Write via Snowflake
n8n before 1.123.69, 2.x before 2.33.4, and 2.34.x before 2.34.1 contain an arbitrary file read and write vulnerability in the Snowflake node, which passes free-form Execute Query input, including client-side commands, directly to the Snowflake SDK without ap…
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High 7.3
chenhg5 cc-connect Management API engine.go shellExecCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in chenhg5 cc-connect up to 1.4.1. This affects the function shellExecCommand of the file core/engine.go of the component Management API. Such manipulation of the argument exec leads to os command injection. It is possible to la…
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High 8.5CVE-2026-75616 Public exploit
Command Injection in Router Web Management Interface
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the web management interface of Archer C20 v6 firmware when processing certain WAN-related configuration operations. An authenticated administrator may exploit insufficient input validation to execute arbitrary …
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High 8.8
Termix: Tar option injection in file-manager archive creation allows command execution on managed SSH hosts
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. Prior to 2.3.2, the archive creation endpoint in src/backend/ssh/file-manager.ts passes selected file basenames to tar without an end-of-options mark…
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High 7.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to shell metacharacter injection.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to command injection.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of shell metacharacters in DHCP options.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 7.7
Wekan:hell Injection in External Antivirus Scanner Path via asyncExec
Wekan is open source kanban built with Meteor. Prior to 9.75, models/fileValidation.js interpolated the uploaded fileObj.path into the administrator-configured externalCommandLine at its {file} placeholder and executed the result through asyncExec, which is p…
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High 7.2
Dell RecoverPoint for VMs, versions 6.0.3 and 6.0.3.1, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in …
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High 8.8
electerm: Command Injection in File System Operations (rmrf, mv, cp)
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to 3.11.11, electerm constructs operating system commands in src/app/lib/fs.js by interpolating untrusted file paths into the rmrf(), mv(), and cp() functions. A m…
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High 8.8
Cudy WR3000 2.0 OS Command Injection via Mesh MQTT Command Handler
Cudy WR3000 2.0 running firmware before 2.5.24 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges by sending unsanitized input through the mesh MQTT command interface. The s…
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High 8.8
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.7.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an…
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High 7.2
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.7.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an…
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High 8.8
Streambert: Arbitrary File Execution via VLC/mpv Launcher Fallback
Streambert is a cross-platform Electron Desktop App to stream and download video content. Prior to version 2.6.0, the open-path-at-time IPC handler in src/ipc/player.js accepts a renderer-controlled filePath without validating its type or location. If the mpv…
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High 7.8
linuxfabrik-lib: Local privilege escalation using embedded command
linuxfabrik-lib provides Python modules for database access, caching, shell execution, and API integrations, and Linuxfabrik Monitoring Plugins uses those modules to run external monitoring commands. From the earliest affected releases until linuxfabrik-lib 5…
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High 8.6
Blueprint Studio Git credential helper command injection
Blueprint Studio is a VS Code-like file editor for Home Assistant configuration files. Prior to 2.5.2, Blueprint Studio generated a shell-based Git credential helper in custom_components/blueprint_studio/backend/git_manager.py by interpolating the configured …
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High 7.8
Super Productivity: Arbitrary OS Command Execution via IPC EXEC Handler with Persistent Whitelist
Super Productivity is an advanced todo list app with integrated timeboxing and time tracking capabilities. Prior to 18.13.0, the EXEC IPC handler in electron/ipc-handlers/exec.ts accepts a command string from the renderer through the IPC.EXEC channel and exec…
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High 7.8
uniget CLI: Metadata signature verification only runs when UNIGET_IGNORE_METADATA_SIGNATURE is set
## Summary The sigstore check on `metadata.json` is gated on the wrong side of the condition. `LoadMetadata` in `internal/config/update.go:81` verifies the bundle only when `UNIGET_IGNORE_METADATA_SIGNATURE` is non-empty, so in a normal run, where nobody sets…
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High 7.1
Glances: `--disable-config-exec` does not cover on-alert action commands (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-53925)
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.6, GlancesActions.run() in glances/actions.py ignores --disable-config-exec for on-alert action commands and invokes secure_popen() with shell operators enabled, allowing configured…
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High 8.8
Glances: Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-32608: action-template sanitizer is bypassed by nested stat values (process 'cmdline') → OS command injection
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. From 4.5.2 until 4.5.6, _sanitize_mustache_dict() in glances/actions.py skips nested list and dictionary strings such as process cmdline values, allowing pipe characters to survive chevron.rende…
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High 8.8
Glances: Command injection bypass of action-template sanitizer via cross-field shell-operator reconstruction
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.6, _sanitize_mustache_dict() in glances/actions.py sanitizes individual Mustache values before chevron.render(), allowing adjacent unescaped Mustache variables to reconstruct shell …
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High 7.8
In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.2.1 rCE via Markdown export tool was possible
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High 7.7
User-controlled variables inserted unescaped into shell scripts and Kubernetes manifests
In openshift-metal3/fakefish there is a repeated pattern in some of the scripts where shell variables are injected without quoting them either into command lines or into manifests. This mostly applies to the Image URL and BMC credentials (which are not verifi…
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High 7.3
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 7.8
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 7.8
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 8.8
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, the cmd_learn driver of the markasjunk plugin is subject to …
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High 8.2
SiYuan before 3.7.4 Local Privilege Escalation via elevator.exe
SiYuan before 3.7.4 fails to properly escape workspace directory paths when constructing command-line arguments for the elevated elevator.exe helper process. Attackers can create a malicious workspace directory with command metacharacters in its path and trig…
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High 8.3
GL.iNet XE3000 NAS Command Service gl_nas_sys os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, MT2500, MT3000, MT6000, X3000 and XE3000 4.8.x. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /usr/bin/gl_nas_sys of the component NAS Command Service. The manipulation results in os com…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet BE9300/MT6000 Firewall-management RPC os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in GL.iNet BE9300 and MT6000 4.8.x. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Firewall-management RPC. The manipulation of the argument dest_port/dest_ip leads to os command injection. The attack may b…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet XE3000 Wi-Fi Timer Power-Schedule Feature os command injection
A weakness has been identified in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. This affects an unknown part of the component Wi-Fi Timer Power-Sc…
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High 8.8
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 Authenticated Command Injection via FFmpeg Filename
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 and prior contains a command injection vulnerability in the FFmpeg integration that allows authenticated users with only the assets/upload permission to execute arbitrary commands by uploading a video file with a shell metacharacter-laden f…
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High 8.5
IBM Db2 Mirror for i is affected by multiple vulnerabilities
IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to command injection.