Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.8
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 8.8
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, the cmd_learn driver of the markasjunk plugin is subject to …
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High 8.2
SiYuan before 3.7.4 Local Privilege Escalation via elevator.exe
SiYuan before 3.7.4 fails to properly escape workspace directory paths when constructing command-line arguments for the elevated elevator.exe helper process. Attackers can create a malicious workspace directory with command metacharacters in its path and trig…
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High 8.3
GL.iNet XE3000 NAS Command Service gl_nas_sys os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, MT2500, MT3000, MT6000, X3000 and XE3000 4.8.x. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /usr/bin/gl_nas_sys of the component NAS Command Service. The manipulation results in os com…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet BE9300/MT6000 Firewall-management RPC os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in GL.iNet BE9300 and MT6000 4.8.x. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Firewall-management RPC. The manipulation of the argument dest_port/dest_ip leads to os command injection. The attack may b…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet XE3000 Wi-Fi Timer Power-Schedule Feature os command injection
A weakness has been identified in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. This affects an unknown part of the component Wi-Fi Timer Power-Sc…
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High 8.8
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 Authenticated Command Injection via FFmpeg Filename
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 and prior contains a command injection vulnerability in the FFmpeg integration that allows authenticated users with only the assets/upload permission to execute arbitrary commands by uploading a video file with a shell metacharacter-laden f…
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High 8.5
IBM Db2 Mirror for i is affected by multiple vulnerabilities
IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to command injection.
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High 8.8CVE-2026-19679 Public exploit
Improper Input Validation
An input validation vulnerability exists in Security Center's file upload handling, where insufficient sanitization of uploaded filenames could contribute to a downstream command injection issue.
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High 8.8
Local Privilege Escalation
A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Security Center. An attacker with write access to a specific configuration file could achieve arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges, without requiring further user or victim interaction.
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High 7.2
Remote Code Execution
A command injection vulnerability exists in Tenable Security Center. An authenticated administrator could modify application configuration values to achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying operating system when specific backend operations are tr…
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High 7.2
Baicells EG3661M LuCI Web luci os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Baicells EG3661M BaiCE_BQ6_2.0.5.3_NA. This impacts an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci of the component LuCI Web Interface. Such manipulation of the argument MaxHops/Timeout/Size leads to os command injection. The …
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High 8.8
OpenChoreo: Authenticated OS command injection via OpenChoreo Workflow Plane templates enables code execution in privileged pods
OpenChoreo is a complete, open-source developer platform for Kubernetes. Prior to 1.0.4, 1.1.4, and 1.2.0-rc.2, OpenChoreo Workflow Plane templates under samples/getting-started/workflow-templates/ interpolated developer-controlled workflow parameters into sh…
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High 7.6
Authenticated FreePBX Music RCE via mpg123 and Asterisk Call Files
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. From 17.0.1 until 17.0.7, the FreePBX Music on Hold module permits dangerous command-line options for /usr/bin/mpg123 and other allowed players in validateCustomConfiguration() in Music.class.php. An authenticated administrat…
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High 7.5
FreePBX: Authenticated TTS AGI Command Injection Through TTS Name
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to 16.0.6 and 17.0.5.4, the FreePBX Text-To-Speech module allows an authenticated administrator to save a TTS destination name that is HTML-encoded for storage, decoded during dialplan generation, passed as an AGI argum…
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High 8.9
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) before 10.1.20 when the optional zimbra-snmp…
KEV Aug 21, 2026 -
High 8.1
rsync < 3.5.0 Command Injection via Multiple Code Paths
rsync before 3.5.0 contains multiple command and argument injection vulnerabilities that allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying malicious input through several code paths, including the RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG environment variable, daemon hooks…
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High 8.8
GitPython before 3.1.54 Remote Code Execution via kwarg value smuggling
GitPython versions before 3.1.54 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the check_unsafe_options guard that can be bypassed by smuggling git options inside single-character kwarg values. Attackers can supply crafted option dictionaries to clone_from…
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High 7.5
GitPython before 3.1.54 Remote Code Execution via --template
GitPython before 3.1.54 contains an incomplete denylist in unsafe_git_clone_options that omits --template, allowing attackers to achieve arbitrary command execution during clone operations. Attackers can supply --template pointing to a directory containing ma…
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High 7.3
IBM Informix Wire Listener Vulnerable to Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
IBM Informix Dynamic Server 14.10, 15.0, and 12.10 could allow an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with service account privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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High 7.8
IBM i Access Client Solutions (ACS) is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM i Access Client Solutions 1.1.2.0 through 1.1.9.13 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 7.2
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 and IBM Verify Identity Access Container 11.0 through 11.0.3 contains a input validation vulnerability in the management interface that allows already privileg…
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High 8.8
IBM i is Affected By Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities [, ]
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.8
IBM i is Affected By Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities [, ]
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of shell metacharacters.
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High 8.7
LXD arbitrary lxc.conf directive injection via NVIDIA instance configuration
An improper neutralization of special elements vulnerability in LXD's NVIDIA instance configuration handling allows an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary configuration directives. By supplying newline characters within the 'nvidia.driver.capabilities'…
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High 7.1
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Debug Server
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to improper neutralization of special elements in an OS command.
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High 8.8
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Domain Name System
IBM i 7.6, and 7.5 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.8
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Domain Name System
IBM i 7.6, and 7.5 could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.3
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Navigator for i
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary Control Language commands due to insufficient input validation.
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High 8.8
IBM i is Affected By privilege escalation in Navigator for i
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 is vulnerable to privilege escalation via Navigator for i. An authenticated user could elevate privileges to a root user to execute commands.
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High 7.5
Nagios Core / XI Authenticated RCE via Unfiltered NOTIFICATION-Family Macro Substitution
Nagios Core before 4.5.14 and Nagios XI before 2026R1.7 are vulnerable to authenticated remote code execution via unfiltered NOTIFICATION-family macro substitution through the com_data parameter. When a notification command references $NOTIFICATIONCOMMENT$ or…
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High 7.5
Nagios Core / XI Authenticated RCE via Custom-Variable Macro Injection
Nagios Core before 4.5.13 and Nagios XI before 2026R1.5 are vulnerable to authenticated remote code execution via custom-variable macro injection through the Nagios Remote Data Processor (NRDP). When a custom variable defined on a host, service, or contact is…
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High 8.8
cloudflare/pages-action is deprecated — migration required by September 18th, 2026
Description Cloudflare was recently notified by external researchers of vulnerabilities in this archived repository, including a remote code execution issue in `src/index.ts` reachable from certain GitHub Actions workflow configurations. Successful exploitati…
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High 8.8
libgit2 Shell Command Injection via ssh_libssh2 Backend
libgit2 versions before 1.8.7 and 1.9.0 before 1.9.7 built with the libssh2 SSH backend (USE_SSH=libssh2) contain a shell command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on an SSH server by supplying a repository pat…
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High 8.8
FileRun 2026.2.0 RCE via Thumbnail Generation Command Injection
FileRun up to and including version 2026.2.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by uploading a file with a malicious filename containing shell command substitution sequences. The…
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High 8.8
Electerm check folder size function may get attacked by unsafe folder name
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to 3.15.120, electerm allows a malicious FTP or SFTP server to execute arbitrary commands when a user downloads a crafted folder and invokes Properties and Calcula…
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High 8.8
Claude Code Templates: Unauthenticated OS command injection (RCE) in Claude Code Studio server (--studio)
Claude Code Templates is a CLI tool for configuring and monitoring Claude Code. Prior to 1.29.4, the Claude Code Studio server launched by the --studio option in cli-tool/src/sandbox-server.js binds to all interfaces on port 3444, permits cross-origin request…
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High 7.8
GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio Code Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in GitHub Copilot and Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
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High 8.8
Visual Studio Code Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.7
ColdFusion | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
ColdFusion is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass securit…