Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.7
Activepieces: Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Code Step Name
Activepieces is an open source AI workflow automation platform. Prior to 0.80.0, the worker's code-compilation pipeline builds the on-disk path for a Code step from the step's name and passes that path to a shell-invoked build command. A step name containing …
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High 8.4
Google Turbinia arbitrary command execution
Google Turbinia allows arbitrary command execution via worker tasks. An attacker with privileges to submit a processing request or influence an evidence path/name obtains code execution on the worker fleet. Fixed on 2026-07-10.
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High 8.4
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via Shell Keyword Lookup
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0839, the runtime/ftplugin/sh.vim, runtime/ftplugin/zsh.vim, and runtime/ftplugin/ps1.vim filetype plugins pass attacker-controlled Visual-mode selections from K through keywordprg commands without…
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High 8.7
n8n before 1.123.67 Remote Code Execution via Git node
n8n before 1.123.67, 2.x before 2.31.5, and 2.32.x before 2.32.1 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Git node. Authenticated users with rights to create and execute workflows can stage a crafted local repository that causes git to run hooks u…
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High 8.8
ZoneMinder ZoneMinder - Remote Code Execution
A remote code execution vulnerability in ZoneMinder 1.39.17 allows any authenticated user to execute OS commands by exploiting a broken permission check in the Filter class. The canEdit() and canDelete() methods invoke nonexistent methods on the ZM\User class…
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High 8.8
Apioo Fusio - Remote Code Execution
A remote code execution vulnerability in Apioo Fusio 8.8.3 allows authenticated users with the Developer role to execute arbitrary OS commands by exploiting a PHP-Sandbox allow-list bypass. The sandbox allow-list permits functions that transitively invoke sys…
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High 8.6
OS Command Injection in Web Interface in Multiple TP-Link Aginet Devices
Certain web interface components in affected TP-Link Aginet devices do not validate and sanitize user-supplied input properly before passing it to system-level command execution functions. An authenticated adjacent attacker may inject specially crafted input…
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High 8.7
Dokploy: Command Injection via Compose Custom Command
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, sanitizeCommand in packages/server/src/utils/builders/compose.ts only trims whitespace and strips surrounding quotes from compose.command before exportEnvCommand and docker comma…
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High 8.8
Dokploy: Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Command Injection in settings.readTraefikFile
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, settings.readTraefikFile in apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/settings.ts passes a path accepted by apiReadTraefikConfig to readConfigInPath in packages/server/src/utils/traefik/ap…
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High 8.7
Dokploy: Command Injection via Unescaped Git URL in Clone Commands
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, cloneGitRepository in packages/server/src/utils/providers/git.ts interpolates customGitUrl and customGitBranch into a git clone command passed to execAsync or execAsyncRemote, al…
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High 8.8
CyberPanel 2.4.3 Authenticated Command Injection via starRemoteTransfer
CyberPanel 2.4.3, fixed in commit eca0c3c, contains an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the remote backup transfer feature that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by controlling a remote server's API response. Atta…
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High 8.7
Dokploy: Command Injection via Docker Credentials in buildRemoteDocker
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, the buildRemoteDocker() function in packages/server/src/utils/providers/docker.ts interpolates the application-controlled dockerImage value directly into a docker pull shell comm…
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High 7.5
NASA HyperCP - OS Command Injection via Malicious HTTP Response from Data Server
An OS command injection vulnerability in NASA HyperCP (main branch) allows a network-adjacent attacker who can intercept or spoof responses from oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov to execute arbitrary system commands on the researcher's workstation.
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High 8.8
4xmen pm2panel - Authenticated OS Command Injection via id Query Parameter
An OS command injection vulnerability in 4xmen/pm2panel (all versions) allows an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary system commands on the host. The pm2panel.js handler at line 188 passes the unsanitized req.query.id parameter directly to exec…
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High 7.3
EFM ipTIME AX8004M CGI Endpoint d.cgi popen os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in EFM ipTIME AX8004M 15.09.0. Impacted is the function popen of the file /cgi/d.cgi of the component CGI Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument fname causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The e…
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High 7.3
NexTOR IP Changer Unsafely Uses sudo and shell=True
NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 execute privileged system commands using `sudo` and `shell=True` directly inside application logic. In environments whe…
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High 7.8
NexTOR_IP_CHANGER has PATH Injection Leading to Arbitrary Command Execution
NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 have a command execution vulnerability due to unsafe use of `shell=True` with commands that rely on executable resoluti…
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High 7.5
Dracut: dracut: root code execution via unescaped error message written to sourced emergency hook script in die()
A flaw was found in dracut. The die() error-handling function writes its message into a shell script under the initramfs emergency-hook directory without properly shell-quoting it. When the message contains data derived from the DHCP ROOT_PATH option, an atta…
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High 7.3
PHP_CodeSniffer gitblame report command injection via crafted filename
PHP_CodeSniffer tokenizes PHP files and detects violations of a defined set of coding standards. Prior to versions 3.13.6 and 4.0.2, PHP_CodeSniffer contains a command injection vulnerability in the code that generates the Gitblame, Hgblame, and Svnblame repo…
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High 7.2
sysPass FileBackupService Authenticated OS Command Injection via Backup Path
sysPass's FileBackupService::doBackupFiles() in lib/SP/Services/Backup/FileBackupService.php around line 388 builds a tar shell command by string-concatenating the backup directory path $this->path directly into the command line ('tar czf ' . $backupFileApp .…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato wanoptions sub_40F88C os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. This affects the function sub_40F88C of the file /tmp/ppp/wanoptions. The manipulation of the argument ppp_custom results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato qoslimit new_qoslimit_start os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. Affected by this issue is the function new_qoslimit_start of the file /etc/qoslimit. The manipulation of the argument new_qoslimit_enable leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated rem…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato qoslimittc_stop.sh new_qoslimit_stop os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. Affected by this vulnerability is the function new_qoslimit_stop of the file /tmp/qoslimittc_stop.sh. Executing a manipulation of the argument wan_iface can lead to os command injection. The attack ca…
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High 8.0
rclone: PowerShell Smart-Quote Filename Injection Enables SFTP Server-Side Command Execution
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Prior to v1.75.0, rclone interpolates remote SFTP paths into PowerShell hash commands in backend/sftp/sftp.go, and quoteOrEscapeShellPath escapes onl…
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High 7.2
Langflow is affected by OS Command Injection in Model Context Protocol features
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, and 1.0.0 through 1.10.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to impr…
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High 8.8
Langflow is affected OS Command Injection in Model Context Protocol features
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper validation of the command field in MCP server configurations.
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High 7.2
Fledge IoT Gateway Backup Restore OS Command Injection via Tar Member Filename
Fledge's backup-restore upload handler, upload_backup (python/fledge/services/core/api/backup_restore.py), takes the first extracted tar member's filename (tar_file_names[0]) and builds a shell command via string formatting. Because os.system invokes a shell …
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High 7.8
Command Injection in @oblique/cli
@oblique/cli 15.4.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the project creation functionality. The CLI constructs shell commands through string concatenation and executes them with execSync(). A user-controlled project-name argument is inserted int…
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High 8.8
backmeup (npm) - OS Command Injection via Backup Option Values
The backmeup npm package assembles shell command strings by directly concatenating its option values (name, source, destination, filter) - e.g. cmd = "mkdir -p " + path.join(info.destination, info.name) + "; " - and executes the resulting string through a she…
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High 8.8
HashBrown CMS - OS Command Injection via Git Deployer Branch Field
HashBrown CMS through 1.4.6 contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Git deployer component. GitDeployer.pullRepo in src/Server/Entity/Deployer/GitDeployer.js executes AppService.exec, interpolating the configured branch value directly i…
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High 8.8
HashBrown CMS - OS Command Injection in Media Upload Thumbnail Generation
HashBrown CMS through 1.4.6 contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the media upload thumbnail generation routine. Media.generateThumbnail in src/Server/Entity/Resource/Media.js builds a temporary file path as 'thumbnail' + Path.extname(fil…
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High 7.2
H3C NX15 Backend RPC esps file.exec os command injection
A weakness has been identified in H3C NX15 V100R017. This impacts the function file.exec of the file /api/esps of the component Backend RPC. This manipulation of the argument File causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit …
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High 8.8
Remote Command Injection via OS Profile Password in Lenovo XClarity Orchestrator
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an operating system command vulnerability was reported in Lenovo XClarity Orchestrator (LXCO) 2.2.0 that could allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands as a privilege…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-6837 Public exploit
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the "export-cgi" CGI program in Zyxel WAX650S firmware version…
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High 7.3
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Security Management System Login Endpoint portal_login com.sbr.fort.foreignDP.DpLoginController os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Security Management System up to 3.0.13. Affected by this vulnerability is the function com.sbr.fort.foreignDP.DpLoginController of the file /fort/portal_login of the component Login Endpoint…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-67599 Public exploit
ClearOS 7.9 OS Command Injection via Log Viewer filter parameter
ClearOS 7.9 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the Log Viewer component that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by submitting unsanitized input through the filter parameter, which is interpolated directly into a shell …
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High 7.2
Telenia TVox 26.5.3 OS Command Injection via action_audio.php
Telenia Software TVox 26.5.3 and prior 26.x versions, and 24.9.21 and prior 24.x versions, contain an OS command injection vulnerability in action_audio.php that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands by passing an unsan…
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High 8.8
OpenWrt luci-app-dockerman Read ACL Remote Code Execution
OpenWrt luci-app-dockerman (LuCI master and openwrt-25.12 snapshots containing the ucode docker_rpc.uc RPC backend after the JS/ucode conversion) contains an OS command injection vulnerability. The package's read ACL grants broad ubus access to docker.* / doc…
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High 7.5
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 Config Import os command injection
A flaw has been found in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 708c073-mt7628. The impacted element is an unknown function of the component Config Import. Executing a manipulation of the argument Password can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. Th…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-67340 Public exploit
ArcadeDB before 26.7.2 Remote Code Execution via Trigger Scripts
ArcadeDB before 26.7.2 (arcadedb-engine) allows trigger scripts to look up host classes in java.lang.* (via Java.type) because ScriptTriggerExecutor adds java.lang.* to the allowed packages. An authenticated user with UPDATE_SCHEMA permission can create a Jav…