Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.6
Cacti: Command Injection via escape_command() no-op in RRDtool execution
Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Versions 1.2.30 and prior are vulnerable to Command Injection due to lack of sanitization in the escape_command() function. The escape_command() function at lib/rrd.php is a no-op: it returns…
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High 8.8
Quest NetVault Backup NVBULogDaemon Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Quest NetVault Backup NVBULogDaemon Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Quest NetVault Backup. Although authentication is required to exploit …
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High 8.8
Unraid Web Server ToggleState Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Unraid Web Server ToggleState Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Unraid. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specif…
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High 8.8
Unraid Web Server FileUpload Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Unraid Web Server FileUpload Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Unraid. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specifi…
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High 8.0
Warp branch selector command injection via Git branch names
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2025.08.06.08.12.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains a command injection in the prompt branch selector. A user who can publish a branch to a Git repository opened in Warp can cause a c…
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High 7.8
Warp: Linux external editor command injection
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2024.02.20.08.01.stable_01 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains a command injection issue in the Linux external editor launcher. Warp expanded freedesktop .desktop Exec templates for affected edi…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-48732 Public exploit
Warp: Remote SSH cwd can lead to unauthorized remote command execution
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2023.03.21.08.02.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains a command injection issue in the legacy SSH background command path. Warp used the remote working directory reported by the session…
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High 7.7
Warp: OS command injection when opening terminal links from WSL
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2024.03.12.08.02.stable_01 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the WSL URL-opening fallback. When Warp is running under WSL and cannot open a URL through…
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High 7.8
Warp: Command Injection via Warp code search tool arguments
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2025.04.09.08.11.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp contains a command execution policy bypass in Agent code search tools. The affected Grep and FileGlob actions are authorized as read/search …
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High 8.1
Deno: Command Injection via spawnSync & spawn on Windows
Deno is a JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly runtime. Prior to 2.7.10, Deno's node:child_process implementation provided an escapeShellArg() helper used when callers passed shell: true to spawn / spawnSync / exec and friends. On Windows, the helper faile…
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High 8.8
NetComm NF20MESH < R6B032 Authenticated RCE via OS Command Injection
NetComm NF20MESH routers running firmware R6B031 and earlier contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by injecting shell metacharacters into the username JSON parame…
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High 8.1
ImageMagick - Command Injection via SVG Decoder
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40 contains a command injection vulnerability in the SVG decoder that allows attackers to inject arbitrary MVG drawing commands. Attackers can craft malicious SVG files with injected Magick Vector Graphics commands that …
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High 8.7CVE-2026-11834 Public exploit
Unauthenticated Command Injection via DHCP Option Handling in Multiple TP-Link Routers
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in the DHCP option processing logic in multiple TP-Link router models, due to insufficient validation of externally supplied DHCP option data. An adjacent attacker may exploit this vulnerability by supplyi…
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High 7.4
gin-vue-admin vulnerable to RCE
gin-vue-admin is an AI-assisted basic development platform. In version 2.9.1, an authenticated attacker with access to the code-generation feature and MCP management interface can exploit this vulnerability by injecting attacker-controlled Go source code thro…
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High 8.2
PhpWeasyPrint: shell command injection via configurable WeasyPrint binary path due to inverted is_executable() guard (mirror of KnpLabs/snappy GHSA-vpr4-p6fq-85jc)
PhpWeasyPrint is a PHP library allowing PDF generation from a URL or an HTML page. Prior to version 2.5.1, `pontedilana/php-weasyprint` builds the shell command for WeasyPrint by passing the binary path through `escapeshellarg()` first and then checking the *…
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High 8.6
Authenticated OS Command Injection in Bondix
OS command injection in the environment and tunnel configuration functionality in SIMA GmbH Bondix through version 1.25.7.5 on Linux allows an authenticated attacker with configuration write access to execute arbitrary operating-system commands via crafted co…
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High 8.6
OS Command Injection in LMS
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in LMS (LAN Management System) before commit 9fcb4de due to an IP address parameter being passed to the "exec()" function without proper validation, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands.
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High 7.1
e107: Command Injection via shell expansion in ImageMagick resize destination path
e107 is a content management system (CMS). Versions 2.3.5 and earlier contain a command injection vulnerability in the ImageMagick resize destination path. In resize_image(), the source path is escaped with escapeshellarg(), but the destination path is insert…
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High 7.2
RadiX AX6600 WiFi 6 Tri-Band Gaming Router contains an OS command injection vulnerability, which may lead to arbitrary …
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High 7.5
yt-dlp: Arbitrary command injection possible if --exec option used with yt-dlp
### Summary yt-dlp's `--exec` option is vulnerable to arbitrary command injection when handling untrusted metadata if the argument uses standard string formatting (e.g. `%(title)s`) or other unsafe conversions. An attacker could achieve remote code execution …
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High 8.5
OS Command Injection in IPv6 PPPoE Configuration in TP-Link TL-WR940N
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the IPv6 PPPoE configuration handler in TL-WR940N v6 due to improper sanitization of user input. An attacker with administrative access may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary system commands w…
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High 8.5
OS Command Injection in BigPond Cable (BPA) Configuration in TP-Link TL-WR940N
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the BigPond Cable (BPA) WAN configuration module in TL-WR940N v6 due to improper sanitization of user input. An attacker with administrative access may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary syste…
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High 8.1
OpenClaw < 2026.4.2 - Shell Positional Parameters Bypass in Inline-Eval Checks
OpenClaw before 2026.4.2 contains an inline-eval bypass vulnerability allowing authenticated operators to weaken strict allowlist checks via shell positional parameters. Attackers can combine allowlisted tools with shell positional arguments to place inline-e…
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High 8.8
indirect remote shell command injection via unsanitized DHCP options in wicked
Passing of unsanitized strings from DHCP replies into the wicked dhcp client before wicked 0.6.79 could be used by attackers operating a malicious DHCP server to execute code on the local machine.
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High 7.5
Galaxy_ng: shell injection in legacy role import via unsanitized git ref names
A command injection vulnerability was found in galaxy_ng. The do_git_checkout() function in the legacy role import API (v1) interpolates unsanitized git ref names (branch/tag names) into shell commands executed via subprocess.run() with shell=True. An authent…
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High 8.8
Command Injection via name parameter
Due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in a name parameter a low privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the Managed Ethernet Switch, resulting in full system compromise.
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High 8.8
Improper input validation in the SSH Elevate Shell feature allows an authenticated user with permission to create or mo…
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High 7.8
BrowserStack Cypress CL: Command Injection via cypress_config_file leads to arbitrary code execution through malicious browserstack.json
The browserstack-cypress-cli is BrowserStack's CLI which allows users to run Cypress tests on BrowserStack. Versions prior to 1.36.4 are vulnerable to OS command injection via the cypress_config_file configuration parameter. In readCypressConfigUtil.js, the l…
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High 7.5
Core Privileged Access Manager (BoKS) upgrade tooling command injection vulnerability
Fortra BoKS Manager contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the client upgrade and patch tooling for legacy tar-based client installations. A malicious or compromised legacy tar-installed client selected for upgrade or patching may be able to cause …
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High 8.1
An OS command injection vulnerability in the /manage/features/media component of kanishka-linux Reminiscence v0.3.0 all…
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High 8.6
Config::IniFiles versions before 3.001000 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of the -file argument in _make_filehandle
Config::IniFiles versions before 3.001000 for Perl allow OS command injection and file overwrite via a 2-arg open() of the -file argument in _make_filehandle. Config::IniFiles::_make_filehandle opens a filename argument with Perl's 2-arg open(), so a filename…
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High 8.3
OpenClaw < 2026.5.18 - Arbitrary File Read via Shell Expansion in system.run Safe-bin Allowlist
OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a policy enforcement vulnerability in system.run safe-bin allowlist validation that allows shell expansion to modify command interpretation on POSIX nodes. Authenticated operators can exploit shell metacharacters in approved…
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High 8.0
MariaDB: unsafe usage of `wsrep_sst_receive_address` values on the joiner side
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From versions 10.6.1 to before 10.6.27, 10.11.1 to before 10.11.18, 11.4.1 to before 11.4.12, 11.8.1 to before 11.8.8, and 12.3.1, a high-privileged MariaDB user could've used wsrep_sst_receive_add…
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High 8.0
MariaDB: wsrep SST unsafe parameter handling on the donor side (rsync)
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From versions 10.6.1 to before 10.6.27, 10.11.1 to before 10.11.18, 11.4.1 to before 11.4.12, 11.8.1 to before 11.8.8, and 12.3.1, during the SST the donor node is interpolating parameters that the…
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High 8.0
MariaDB: wsrep SST unsafe parameter handling on the donor side
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From versions 10.6.1 to before 10.6.26, 10.11.1 to before 10.11.17, 11.4.1 to before 11.4.11, 11.8.1 to before 11.8.7, and 12.3.1, during the SST the donor node is interpolating parameters that the…
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High 7.2
IEI Integration Corp｜iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer - OS Command Injection
The iVEC-IEI Virtualization Edge Computer developed by IEI Integration Corp has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing privileged remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 8.7
Idira Privileged Session Manager for SSH (PSMP): Arbitrary Command Execution via Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command
Due to incomplete input validation in Idira Privileged Session Manager for SSH (PSMP) versions prior to 15.0.2, 14.6.3, 14.2.5, and 14.0.6, an authenticated, low-privileged user could potentially execute arbitrary commands on the PSMP host. CyberArk Security …
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High 8.8
OpenClaw < 2026.5.18 - Arbitrary Code Execution via Unscanned Marketplace Runtime Extension Metadata
OpenClaw before 2026.5.18 contains a code execution vulnerability where marketplace runtime extension metadata can redirect loading toward unscanned package payloads. Attackers with trusted operator access can manipulate extension metadata to load plugin code…
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High 7.3
KanaDojo < 0.1.18 Command Injection via patchNotesData.json in release.yml
KanaDojo contains a command injection vulnerability that allows an attacker with pull request access to execute arbitrary shell commands by inserting shell metacharacters into the version or changes fields of patchNotesData.json, which are interpolated unsani…
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High 7.7
Dulwich Vulnerable to Command Injection via Merge Driver Path
Dulwich is a pure-Python implementation of the Git file formats and protocols. Starting in version 0.24.0 and prior to version 1.2.5, Dulwich's `ProcessMergeDriver` substitutes the file path (from the git tree, controllable by an attacker via a malicious bran…