Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Coolify: Host RCE via Log Drain secret/env command injection
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.466, log drain secret and environment values were interpolated into shell commands without sufficient encoding, allowing an authenticated u…
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High 8.8
Coolify: PostgreSQL Healthcheck Command Injection Allows Root Code Execution in Container
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.474, PostgreSQL healthcheck command generation used attacker-controlled database settings (postgres_user and postgres_db) in shell-form com…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated Remote Code Execution in GetLogs Livewire Component
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, there is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the GetLogs Livewire component which allows users with team membership (l…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated RCE via SHELL_SAFE_COMMAND_PATTERN regression → host root
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. From 4.0.0-beta.471 through 4.0.0-beta.473, a regression in SHELL_SAFE_COMMAND_PATTERN allowed ampersands in custom Docker Compose build, start, and pre/post-d…
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High 8.8
Coolify LocalFileVolume fs_path command injection enables RCE
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, LocalFileVolume::saveStorageOnServer builds shell commands using unescaped fs_path and parent_dir values before validation, and submit…
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High 7.3CVE-2026-14802 Public exploit
react create-react-app react-dev-utils openBrowser.js startBrowserProcess os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in react create-react-app up to 5.0.1 on macOS. This affects the function startBrowserProcess of the file openBrowser.js of the component react-dev-utils. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. Remote exploitat…
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High 8.5
myVesta is affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability. Low privileged users can insert arbitrary …
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High 8.8
n8n - Arbitrary Command Execution via Execute Command Node
The Execute Command node in n8n allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands on the host system where n8n runs. Attackers with user access or compromised credentials can exploit this node to run malicious commands, potentially leading to data exfi…
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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High —
Grackle has command/argument injection in the git worktree executor that enables RCE on provisioned hosts via an unsanitized task branch name (shell:true)
## Summary The default git executor used for all worktree operations spawns `git` through a shell, and the untrusted task **branch** name flows into the command unsanitized. A caller able to reach the PowerLine `SpawnSession` RPC (a malicious or compromised a…
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High 7.5
luci-app-travelmate - Arbitrary Command Execution via UCI Script Parameter
luci-app-travelmate (and the travelmate package) contain a privilege-escalation flaw: a LuCI/rpcd session holding the luci-app-travelmate write ACL is granted config-wide UCI write access to the travelmate configuration. While the LuCI UI restricts the auto-l…
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High 7.3
OS Command Injection in aws-cdk-lib Docker Bundling
OS command injection in the NodejsFunction Docker bundling pipeline (OsCommand helper) in AWS aws-cdk-lib on all platforms might allow a actor who controls dependency version strings in a project's package.json file to execute arbitrary commands on the host r…
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High 8.8
JAIOTlink C492A-W6 4.8.30.57701411 OS Command Injection via SetMAC Endpoint
JAIOTlink C492A-W6 Wi-Fi IP cameras running firmware 4.8.30.57701411 contain an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by supplying a malicious Wireless parameter to the HTTP PUT NetSDK/Factory …
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High 7.2
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in SkyBridge MB…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated RCE via command injection in CA certificate management feature
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.464, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the CA Certificate management feature allows any authenticated user to execute arb…
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High 7.8
RPG MAKER MV and MZ provided by Gotcha Gotcha Games Inc. contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If a user loads…
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High 7.2
DGM3103SCT provided by AVTECH Security Corporation contains an OS command injection vulnerability, which may lead to ar…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Destination Network Management
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Destination Network Management functionality allows users with destination man…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated Host RCE
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.470, a critical Authenticated Host Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in Coolify. The flaw resides in the handling of…
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High 8.8
luci-proto-openvpn - Command Injection via cl_meta Parameter in generateKey
luci-proto-openvpn through 0.11.1, fixed in commit e4ff45e, contains a command injection vulnerability in the generateKey ubus method where the cl_meta parameter is interpolated into a shell command without proper escaping or quoting. An authenticated LuCI us…
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High 8.8
luci-app-tailscale-community - Command Injection via tailscale.do_login RPC
luci-app-tailscale-community contains a command injection vulnerability in the tailscale.do_login RPC method that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands as root. The vulnerability exists because user-controlled loginserver and loginserver_au…
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High 7.7
Claude Code: Sandbox Escape via Git Worktree Path Confusion Allows Unsandboxed Code Execution
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. From 2.1.38 until 2.1.163, Claude Code's worktree handling allowed creation of worktrees named ".git" and navigation to worktrees outside the sandbox context, enabling git directory confusion attacks. By exploiting symli…
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High 8.8
D-Link DCS-935L POST Parameter setconf.cgi sub_400E40 os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DCS-935L 1.10.01. This affects the function sub_400E40 of the file setconf.cgi of the component POST Parameter Handler. Such manipulation of the argument UID leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched re…
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High 7.2
H.VIEW HV-500S6 IP Camera OS Command Injection
A vulnerability exists in H.View IP cameras that could allow an authenticated user to supply unsanitized XML fields to the device's certificate generation interface, which are incorporated into a backend certificate creation command without proper input valid…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-48778 Public exploit
Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via config.xml commandLineInterpreter
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.1, the <GUIConfig name="commandLineInterpreter"> tag in config.xml is read by NppXml::value() (Parameters.cpp:6430) and stored in _nppGUI._commandLineInterpreter without any validation, wh…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-48800 Public exploit
Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via shortcuts.xml UserCommand Injection
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.1, the <Command> tag text content inside <UserDefinedCommands> in shortcuts.xml is read by NppXml::value(aNode) (Parameters.cpp:3658) in the feedUserCmds() function and stored in UserComma…
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High 8.8
Cudy LT300 3.0 OS Command Injection via NTP Configuration
Cudy LT300 3.0 running firmware prior to version 2.5.12 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting shell metacharacters into the cbid.system.ntp.current POST parameter in the s…
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High 8.6
mise: Arbitrary command execution via task-include files in an untrusted, config-less repository
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. Prior to 2026.6.4, mise's trust feature gates config files (mise.toml, .tool-versions) through trust_check, but task-include files are loaded on a path that never reaches it. When a directory has…
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High 8.0
Dell Dell Container Storage Modules, version(s) csi-powerstore v2.16.0, csi-unity v2.16.0, csi-powerflex v2.16.0, csi-p…
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High 7.8
Glances: Command Injection via KVM/QEMU VM Domain Names in glances/plugins/vms/engines/virsh.py
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.5, the Glances KVM/QEMU monitoring engine (glances/plugins/vms/engines/virsh.py) passes VM domain names, read directly from virsh list --all output, into f-string command templates …
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High 7.5
pnpm: Repository-controlled configDependencies can select a pacquet native install engine
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.2 and 11.5.3, pnpm can install configDependencies declared in pnpm-workspace.yaml before command dispatch. Before the patch, a repository could declare pacquet or @pnpm/pacquet as a config dependency and pnpm treated …
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High 8.6
CWE-78 Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists that coul…
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High 7.8
Dell Display and Peripheral Manager (DDPM Mac), versions prior to 2.3, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special El…
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Traceroute Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the traceroute action of Rapid7 InsightConnect Traceroute Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the host, port, max_ttl, count, or time_out request parameters due to insufficient inp…
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect AWK Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the process_string action of Rapid7 InsightConnect AWK Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the text or expression parameters due to unsafe shell command construction in the process…
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Translate Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the TR action of Rapid7 InsightConnect Translate Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the text or expression parameters due to insufficient input sanitization in shell command const…
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Ping Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the ping action of Rapid7 InsightConnect Ping Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the host parameter due to insufficient input validation when constructing shell commands.
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin via expression parameter.
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the expression parameter due to insufficient input validation.