Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR600W allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a c…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30 PRO V1 X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX PRO B11P226_EW1800GX-PRO_10223117 allowing attackers to execut…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1200 EW_3.0(1)B11P227_EW1200_11130208RG-EW1200 V1.00 allowing attacke…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-S1930 S1930SWITCH_3.0(1)B11P230 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-RAP2200(E) 247 2200 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands vi…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a cr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-YST EST, YSTAP_3.0(1)B11P280YST250F V1.xxV2.xx allowing attackers to ex…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie M18 EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary …
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High 7.8
Windscribe for Linux 'changeMTU' local privilege escalation
A command injection vulnerability exists in Windscribe for Linux Desktop App that allows a local user who is a member of the windscribe group to execute arbitrary commands as root via the 'adapterName' parameter of the 'changeMTU' function. Fixed in Windscrib…
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High 8.1
argoproj/argo-workflows is vulnerable to RCE via ZipSlip and symbolic links
Argo Workflows is an open source container-native workflow engine for orchestrating parallel jobs on Kubernetes. Versions 3.6.13 and below and versions 3.7.0 through 3.7.4, contain unsafe untar code that handles symbolic links in archives. Concretely, the com…
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High 7.0CVE-2025-53949 EPSS 17%
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-66644 Exploited
Array Networks ArrayOS AG before 9.4.5.9 allows command injection, as exploited in the wild in August through December …
KEV Dec 8, 2025 -
High 8.9
Remote Keyboard Desktop 1.0.1 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Remote Keyboard Desktop 1.0.1 enables remote attackers to execute system commands via the rundll32.exe exported function export, allowing unauthenticated code execution.
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High 8.5
IndigoSTAR Software - perl2exe <= V30.10C - Arbitrary Code Execution
perl2exe <= V30.10C contains an arbitrary code execution vulnerability that allows local authenticated attackers to execute malicious scripts. Attackers can control the 0th argument of packed executables to execute another executable, allowing them to bypass …
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High 7.2
Configuration-Dependent RCE (OS Command Injection) in richdocumentscode proxy
Collabora Online - Built-in CODE Server (richdocumentscode) provides a built-in server with all of the document editing features of Collabora Online. In versions prior to 25.04.702, Collabora Online has a Configuration-Dependent RCE (OS Command Injection) in …
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High 8.8CVE-2025-12744 Public exploit
Abrt: command-injection in abrt leading to local privilege escalation
A flaw was found in the ABRT daemon’s handling of user-supplied mount information.ABRT copies up to 12 characters from an untrusted input and places them directly into a shell command (docker inspect %s) without proper validation. An unprivileged local user c…
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High 8.5
Command injection vulnerability in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50
Command injection vulnerability in the operating system in Circutor SGE-PLC1000/SGE-PLC50 v9.0.2 through the 'GetDNS()', 'CheckPing()' and 'TraceRoute()' functions.
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High 8.0
TRENDnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1 has an authenticated remote OS command injection vulnerability in the setup.cgi binary, expl…
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High 8.8
Fugue is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution by Pickle Deserialization via FlaskRPCServer
Fugue is a unified interface for distributed computing that lets users execute Python, Pandas, and SQL code on Spark, Dask, and Ray with minimal rewrites. In version 0.9.2 and prior, there is a remote code execution vulnerability by pickle deserialization via…
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High 7.5
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in bwdpi. A remote, authenticated attacker could leverage this vu…
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High 7.5
Remote Code Execution in Looker via Teradata JDBC Driver
A Looker user with a Developer role could cause Looker to execute a malicious command, due to insecure processing of Teradata driver parameters. Looker-hosted and Self-hosted were found to be vulnerable. This issue has already been mitigated for Looker-hosted…
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High 8.7
@anthropic-ai/claude-code has Sed Command Validation Bypass that Allows Arbitrary File Writes
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.31, due to an error in sed command parsing, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code read-only validation and write to arbitrary files on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.…
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High 8.7
AudioCodes Fax/IVR Appliance <= 2.6.23 Authenticated Command Injection via ActivateLicense.php
AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 expose an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the license activation workflow handled by AudioCodes_files/ActivateLicense.php. When a license file is uplo…
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High 8.7
AudioCodes Fax/IVR Appliance <= 2.6.23 Authenticated Command Injection via TestFax.php & LPE
AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 are vulnerable to an authenticated command injection in the fax test functionality implemented by AudioCodes_files/TestFax.php. When a fax "send" test is requested, th…
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High 7.3
D-Link Router DIR-868L A1 FW106KRb01.bin has an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the cgibin binar…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerability in HPE Aruba Networking Management Software (AirWave) CLI
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in the command line interface of the HPE Aruba Networking Airwave Platform. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary operating system commands with elevated privilege…
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High 8.8
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the "priv" parameter of Zyxel DX3300-T0 firmware version 5.50(…
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High 8.6CVE-2025-34322 Public exploit
Nagios Log Server < 2026R1.0.1 Authenticated Command Injection via Natural Language Queries
Nagios Log Server versions prior to 2026R1.0.1 contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the experimental 'Natural Language Queries' feature. When this feature is configured, certain user-controlled settings—including model selection and con…
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High 7.5
glob CLI: Command injection via -c/--cmd executes matches with shell:true
Glob matches files using patterns the shell uses. Starting in version 10.2.0 and prior to versions 10.5.0 and 11.1.0, the glob CLI contains a command injection vulnerability in its -c/--cmd option that allows arbitrary command execution when processing files …
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High 8.1
MyScreenTools v2.2.1.0 contains a critical OS command injection vulnerability in the GIF compression tool. The applicat…
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High 8.7
IPCop <= 2.1.9 Authenticated RCE
IPCop versions up to and including 2.1.9 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability within the web-based administration interface. The email configuration component inserts user-controlled values, including the EMAIL_PW parameter, directly i…
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High 7.2
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in NCP-HG100 1.…
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High 8.6
FreePBX Administration GUI is Vulnerable to Authenticated Command Injection
FreePBX Endpoint Manager is a module for managing telephony endpoints in FreePBX systems. In versions 17.0.2.36 and above before 17.0.3, the filestore module within the Administrative interface is vulnerable to a post-authentication command injection by an au…
KEV Feb 3, 2026 -
High 7.8
evernote-mcp-server openBrowser Command Injection Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
evernote-mcp-server openBrowser Command Injection Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of evernote-mcp-server. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-p…
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High 8.6
Advantech WebAccess/VPN < 1.1.5 Command Injection in AppManagementController.appUpgradeAction()
Advantech WebAccess/VPN versions prior to 1.1.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in AppManagementController.appUpgradeAction() that allows an authenticated system administrator to execute arbitrary commands as the web server user (www-data) by supply…
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High 8.4
Dell CloudLink, versions prior to 8.2, contain a vulnerability where a privileged user with known password can run comm…
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High 8.4
Dell CloudLink, versions prior to 8.2, contain a vulnerability where a privileged user with known password can run comm…
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High 8.0
Foreman: os command injection via ct_location and fcct_location parameters
A flaw was found in Red Hat Satellite (Foreman component). This vulnerability allows an authenticated user with edit_settings permissions to achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying operating system via insufficient server-side validation of comm…