Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Cursor CLI Beta: Command Injection via Untrusted MCP Configuration
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions and below, a vulnerability in the Cursor CLI Beta allowed an attacker to achieve remote code execution through the MCP (Model Context Protocol) server mechanism by uploading a malicious MCP co…
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High 8.8
Cursor: Speedbump Modal Bypass in MCP Server Deep-Link
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7.28 and below, an input validation flaw in Cursor's MCP server installation enables specially crafted deep-links to bypass the standard security warnings and conceal executed commands from …
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High 7.2
FutureNet MA and IP-K series provided by Century Systems Co., Ltd. contain an OS command Injection vulnerability. A use…
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High 8.7
Nagios XI < 5.4.13 Component Download Page RCE
Nagios XI versions prior to 5.4.13 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Component Download page. The download/import handler used unsafe command construction with attacker-controlled input and lacked sufficient validation and output encoding, …
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High 8.7
Nagios XI < 5.7.3 Command Injection in Report PDF Download
Nagios XI versions prior to 5.7.3 contain a command injection vulnerability in the report PDF download/export functionality. User-supplied values used in the PDF generation pipeline or the wrapper that invokes offline/pdf helper utilities were insufficiently …
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High 8.7
Nagios XI < 2012R1.6 Auto-Discovery Shell Command Injection
Nagios XI versions prior to 2012R1.6 contain a shell command injection vulnerability in the Auto-Discovery tool. User-controlled input is passed to a shell without adequate sanitation or argument quoting, allowing an authenticated user with access to discover…
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High 8.6
Nagios Network Analyzer < 2024R2.0.1 RCE in LDAP Certificate Removal Function
Nagios Network Analyzer versions prior to 2024R2.0.1 contain a vulnerability in the LDAP certificate management functionality whereby the certificate removal operation fails to apply adequate input sanitation. An authenticated administrator can trigger comman…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and Prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.2
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and Prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 8.8
Jenkins Azure CLI Plugin does not restrict the commands it executes
Jenkins Azure CLI Plugin 0.9 and earlier does not restrict which commands it executes on the Jenkins controller, allowing attackers with Item/Configure permission to execute arbitrary shell commands.
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High 8.7CVE-2025-34311 EPSS 13%
IPFire < v2.29 Command Injection via Proxy Report Creation
IPFire versions prior to 2.29 (Core Update 198) contain a command injection vulnerability that allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the user 'nobody' via multiple parameters when creating a Proxy report. When a user creates a Prox…
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High 8.7
IPFire < v2.29 Command Injection via URL Filter Blacklist
IPFire versions prior to 2.29 (Core Update 198) contain a command injection vulnerability that allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the 'nobody' user via the BE_NAME parameter when installing a blacklist. When a blacklist is insta…
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High 7.5
The “Diagnostics Tools” page of the web-based configuration utility does not properly validate user-controlled input, a…
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High 8.7
Command injection vulnerability exists in the “Logging” page of the web-based configuration utility. An authenticated u…
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High 8.8
OpenVPN 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7_beta1 on POSIX based platforms allows a remote authenticated server to inject shell comm…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-6978 EPSS 14%
Diagnostics command injection vulnerability
Diagnostics command injection vulnerability
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High 7.2
Kottster app reinitialization can be re-triggered allowing command injection in development mode
Kottster is a self hosted Node.js admin panel. From versions 3.2.0 to before 3.3.2, Kottster contains a pre-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability when running in development mode. This affects development mode only, production deployments w…
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High 8.3CVE-2024-58274 EPSS 18%
Hikvision CSMP (Comprehensive Security Management Platform) iSecure Center through 2024-08-01 allows execution of a com…
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High 7.2
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions from V4.32 through V5.40, U…
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High 8.6
OS command injection using information obtained from the web management interface
An arbitrary OS command may be executed on the product by the user who can log in to the web management interface.
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High 8.9
RCE on restore configuration password
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Microchip Time Provider 4100 allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Time Provider 4100: before 2.5.
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High 8.9
RCE on backup configuration password
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Microchip Time Provider 4100 allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Time Provider 4100: before 2.5.
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High 8.7
Ilevia EVE X1 Server 4.7.18.0.eden Authenticated Command Injection
Ilevia EVE X1 Server firmware versions ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contain authenticated OS command injection vulnerabilities in multiple web-accessible PHP scripts that call exec() and allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands. Ilevia has declined to…
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High 8.7
BIG-IP SCP and SFTP vulnerability
When running in Appliance mode, a highly privileged authenticated attacker with access to SCP and SFTP may be able to bypass Appliance mode restrictions using undisclosed commands. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) ar…
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High 8.6
FreePBX Endpoint Manager command injection via Network Scanning feature
The FreePBX Endpoint Manager module includes a Network Scanning feature that provides web-based access to nmap functionality for network device discovery. In Endpoint Manager 16 before 16.0.92 and 17 before 17.0.6, insufficiently sanitized user-supplied input…
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High 7.2
RCE via the poller reload feature available only to user with high privilege
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (Poller reload setup in the configuration modules) allows OS Command Injection. On the poller parameters page, a user with hi…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-10985 EPSS 21%
OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote …
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High 7.2CVE-2025-10243 EPSS 21%
OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote …
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High 7.2CVE-2025-10242 EPSS 21%
OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote …
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High 7.2
Two improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78]…
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High 8.4
Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability in Ericsson RAN Compute and Site Controller
EMCLI contains a high severity vulnerability where improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command could be exploited leading to Arbitrary Code Execution.
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High 8.7
AVTECH CloudSetup.cgi Authenticated Command Injection
AVTECH devices that include the CloudSetup.cgi management endpoint are vulnerable to authenticated OS command injection. The `exefile` parameter in CloudSetup.cgi is passed to the underlying system command execution without proper validation or whitelisting. …
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High 7.2
Unintended command execution via troubleshooting scripts in Progress Flowmon
In Flowmon versions prior to 12.5.5, a vulnerability has been identified that allows a user with administrator privileges and access to the management interface to execute additional unintended commands within scripts intended for troubleshooting purposes.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-57457 Public exploit
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in the Admin panel in Curo UC300 5.42.1.7.1.63R1 allows local attackers to inject…
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the swctrl functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A spe…
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the swctrl functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A spe…