Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,705 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.6
Command Injection in extension "TYPO3 Backup Plus" (ns_backup)
The ns_backup extension through 13.0.2 for TYPO3 allows command injection.
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High 8.7
StreamVault can perform remote command execution
StreamVault is a multi-platform video parsing and downloading tool. Prior to version 250822, after logging into the StreamVault-system, an attacker can modify certain system parameters, construct malicious commands, execute command injection attacks against t…
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High 7.3CVE-2025-9752 EPSS 19%
D-Link DIR-852 SOAP Service soap.cgi soapcgi_main os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-852 1.00CN B09. Impacted is the function soapcgi_main of the file soap.cgi of the component SOAP Service. Such manipulation of the argument service leads to os command injection. The attack can be launc…
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High 8.7CVE-2005-10004 Public exploit
Cacti graph_view.php RCE via graph_start Parameter Injection
Cacti versions prior to 0.8.6-d contain a remote command execution vulnerability in the graph_view.php script. An authenticated user can inject arbitrary shell commands via the graph_start GET parameter, which is improperly handled during graph rendering. Thi…
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High 8.6
Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection
The authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the Parental Control page on TP-Link Archer C7(EU) V2 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9. This issue affects Archer C7(EU) V2: before 241108 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9: before 241108. Both products ha…
KEV Sep 3, 2025 -
High 7.7
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in …
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High 7.1
QuRouter 2.5
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuRouter 2.5.1. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following …
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High 7.2
Multiple products provided by iND Co.,Ltd contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If exploited, an arbitrary OS …
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High 7.3
LSTM-Kirigaya's openmcp-client Vulnerable to RCE in MCP Authorization Flow
LSTM-Kirigaya's openmcp-client is a vscode plugin for mcp developer. Prior to version 0.1.12, when users on a Windows platform connect to an attacker controlled MCP server, attackers could provision a malicious authorization server endpoint to silently achiev…
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High 8.1
Roo-Code potential remote code execution via auto-execute command parsing flaw
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. In versions prior to 3.25.5, Roo-Code fails to properly handle process substitution and single ampersand characters in the command parsing logic for auto-execute commands. If a us…
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High 7.0
Configd Injection
The StrongDM macOS client incorrectly processed JSON-formatted messages. Attackers could potentially modify macOS system configuration by crafting a malicious JSON message.
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High 8.5
The StrongDM Windows service incorrectly handled input validation. Authenticated attackers could potentially exploit th…
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High 7.1
Claude Code's Permissive Default Allowlist Enables Unauthorized File Read and Network Exfiltration in Claude Code
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 1.0.4, it's possible to bypass the Claude Code confirmation prompts to read a file and then send file contents over the network without user confirmation due to an overly broad allowlist of safe commands…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-860L Simple Service Discovery Protocol cgibin ssdpcgi_main os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-860L 2.04.B04. This affects the function ssdpcgi_main of the file htdocs/cgibin of the component Simple Service Discovery Protocol. The manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the att…
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High 7.8
NVIDIA WebDataset for all platforms contains a vulnerability where an attacker could execute arbitrary code with elevat…
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High 7.7
Cherry Studio is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection during Connection with a Malicious MCP Server
Cherry Studio is a desktop client that supports for multiple LLM providers. From versions 1.2.5 to 1.5.1, Cherry Studio is vulnerable to OS Command Injection during a connection with a malicious MCP server in HTTP Streamable mode. Attackers can setup a malici…
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High 8.8
OS command injection in MiR robots and MiR fleet via crafted HTTP requests
MiR software versions prior to version 3.0.0 are affected by a command injection vulnerability. A malicious HTTP request crafted by an authenticated user could allow the execution of arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
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High 7.3
OS command injection vulnerability exists in CL4/6NX Plus and CL4/6NX-J Plus (Japan model) with the firmware versions p…
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High 8.8
Kenwood DMX958XR ReadMVGImage Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR ReadMVGImage Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to exploi…
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High 8.6CVE-2012-10028 Public exploit
Netwin SurgeFTP <= v23c8 Authenticated RCE
Netwin SurgeFTP version 23c8 and prior contains a vulnerability in its web-based administrative console that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary system commands via crafted POST requests to `surgeftpmgr.cgi`. This can lead to full remote code exec…
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High 8.6CVE-2012-10029 Public exploit
Nagios XI Network Monitor Graph Explorer Component < 1.3 Authenticated Command Injection
Nagios XI Network Monitor prior to Graph Explorer component version 1.3 contains a command injection vulnerability in `visApi.php`. An authenticated user can inject system commands via unsanitized parameters such as `host`, resulting in remote code execution.
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High 8.6CVE-2025-54135 Public exploit
Cursor Agent is vulnerable to prompt injection via MCP Special Files
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Cursor allows writing in-workspace files with no user approval in versions below 1.3.9, If the file is a dotfile, editing it requires approval but creating a new one doesn't. Hence, if sensitive MCP files…
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High 8.7CVE-2025-54795 Public exploit
Claude Code echo command allowed bypass of user approval prompt for command execution
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. In versions below 1.0.20, an error in command parsing makes it possible to bypass the Claude Code confirmation prompt to trigger execution of an untrusted command. Reliably exploiting this requires the ability to add unt…
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High 7.4
Jointelli 5G CPE 21H01 firmware JY_21H01_A3_v1.36 devices allow (blind) OS command injection. Multiple endpoints are vu…
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High 7.4
An issue was discovered on FIRSTNUM JC21A-04 devices through 2.01ME/FN that allows authenticated attackers to execute a…
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High 7.8
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.1…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in its svc_nas utility. An authe…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an OS Command Injection Vulnerability in its svc_nfssupport utility. A…
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High 7.3
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 8.5
RUCKUS SmartZone (SZ) before 6.1.2p3 Refresh Build allows OS command injection via a certain parameter in an API route.
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High 7.2
Cursor's Modification of MCP Server Definitions Bypasses Manual Re-approvals
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.2.4 and below, attackers can achieve remote and persistent code execution by modifying an already trusted MCP configuration file inside a shared GitHub repository or editing the file locally…
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High 8.7CVE-2013-10053 Public exploit
ZPanel <= 10.0.0.2 htpasswd Module Username Command Execution
A remote command execution vulnerability exists in ZPanel version 10.0.0.2 in its htpasswd module. When creating .htaccess files, the inHTUsername field is passed unsanitized to a system() call that invokes the system’s htpasswd binary. By injecting shell met…
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High 8.6CVE-2013-10061 Public exploit
Netgear Routers setup.cgi RCE
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in Netgear routers (tested on the DGN1000B model firmware versions 1.1.00.24 and 1.1.00.45) via the TimeToLive parameter in the setup.cgi endpoint. The vulnerability arises from improper input neutral…
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High 8.6CVE-2013-10058 Public exploit
Linksys Routers apply.cgi Remote Command Injection
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in various Linksys router models (tested on WRT160Nv2) running firmware version v2.0.03 via the apply.cgi endpoint. The web interface fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input passed to the ping_…
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High 8.7
D-Link Devices tools_vct.xgi Authenticated RCE
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in multiple D-Link routers (confirmed on DIR-300 rev A v1.05 and DIR-615 rev D v4.13) via the authenticated tools_vct.xgi CGI endpoint. The web interface fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the pingIp…
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High 8.6
D-Link Routers tools_vct.htm OS Command Injection
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in various D-Link routers (tested on DIR-615H1 running firmware version 8.04) via the tools_vct.htm endpoint. The web interface fails to sanitize input passed from the ping_ipaddr parameter to the too…
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High 7.3
Pearcleaner's unauthenticated access to privileged XPC helper allows root command execution
Pearcleaner is a free, source-available and fair-code licensed mac app cleaner. The PearcleanerHelper is a privileged helper tool bundled with the Pearcleaner application. It is registered and activated only after the user approves a system prompt to allow pr…
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High 8.7CVE-2013-10039 Public exploit
GestioIP 3.0 ip_checkhost.cgi RCE
A command injection vulnerability exists in GestioIP 3.0 commit ac67be and earlier in ip_checkhost.cgi. Crafted input to the 'ip' parameter allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server via embedded base64-encoded payloads. Authentication…
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High 7.3
Vaelsys VaelsysV4 Web interface vgrid_server.php execute_DataObjectProc os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Vaelsys VaelsysV4 up to 5.1.0/5.4.0. Affected by this issue is the function execute_DataObjectProc of the file /grid/vgrid_server.php of the component Web interface. Such manipulation of the argument xajaxargs leads to os com…
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High 8.8
An authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in PowerStick Wave Dual-Band Wifi Extender V1.0 allows an attacker…