Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,692 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.8
Aider through 0.86.2 Command Execution via Repository .aider.conf.yml Settings
Aider through 0.86.2 contains a command execution vulnerability that allows attackers to run shell commands by committing a malicious .aider.conf.yml that is auto-loaded without a trust prompt. Attackers can set notifications-command or editor values that are…
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High 7.7
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command in certain ASUS routers allows remote user to execute…
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High 8.6
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (“OS Command Injection”) and Cross-Site Request Forge…
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High 7.5
@justice8096/sagemath-mcp-server: executes arbitrary code via the escapeShellString and sanitizeCode functions
An issue in @justice8096/sagemath-mcp-server 1.0.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the escapeShellString and sanitizeCode functions.
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High 7.5
@rog0x/mcp-docker-tools: executes arbitrary code via the handleImageList function
An issue in @rog0x/mcp-docker-tools 1.0.1 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the handleImageList function.
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High 8.8
An OS command injection vulnerability in the /htdocs/web/diagnostic.php endpoint of D-Link DAP1160L A1_FW101WWb04 allow…
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High 7.8
OS command injection in the Terraform hook in AWS SAM CLI
OS command injection in the Terraform hook in AWS SAM CLI before 1.166.2 might allow an actor who can influence the Terraform configuration or plan file consumed by a build to execute arbitrary commands as the build user on the host running the build via a cr…
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High 8.5
OnePlus OxygenOS improper neutralization of special elements vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') and Missing Authorization vulnerability in OnePlus OxygenOS on Android. Any locally installed Android application, with no permissions declared and no user interaction …
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High 8.5
OS Command Injection in Qingteng Host Adaptive Security Platform Security Toolbox
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command in Security Toolbox versions before 20260929 in Qingteng Host Adaptive Security Platform (Host Monitoring) V3.0 allows an authenticated console administrator to execute arbitrary commands on at…
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High 8.8
HKUDS Vibe-Trading 0.1.0 before 0.1.7 Indirect Prompt Injection RCE via BashTool and BackgroundRunTool
HKUDS Vibe-Trading from 0.1.0 before 0.1.7 contains an indirect prompt injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute shell commands as root by planting instructions in documents or web pages the agent processes. BashTool and BackgroundRunToo…
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High 7.8
virtualenv activate runs commands from the environment name in zsh with PROMPT_SUBST
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.13.0, the bash activate script that zsh also sources leaves the environment name unescaped; from 21.13.0 until 21.14.4, it escapes backslashes, dollar signs, and backticks onl…
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High 7.8
virtualenv activation scripts run code from a path that contains a placeholder name
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. From 20.26.6 until 21.14.2, ViaTemplateActivator.instantiate_template() replaces placeholders one key at a time across the complete activation template, so trigger names such as __VIRTUAL…
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High 7.8
virtualenv activate.fish runs commands from a path or prompt with a backslash before a quote
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.14.2, FishActivator inherits ViaTemplateActivator.quote(), which uses POSIX shlex.quote() even though fish interprets backslashes and single quotes differently. An attacker-in…
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High 7.8
virtualenv bash activate runs commands from an environment name with a backslash before $
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.14.7, the bash activate script escapes the environment name for only one of the two passes bash makes over PS1, so a backslash in the name undoes the escaping and a name conta…
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High 7.1
virtualenv: Bash prompt values can change meaning under older compatibility modes
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.14.9, caller-supplied prompt text can become executable syntax in the bash activation prompt. An attacker must influence the value passed to virtualenv, and a user must subseq…
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High 7.8
virtualenv: Generated POSIX console launchers interpret destination paths as shell syntax
virtualenv is a tool for creating isolated virtual python environments. Prior to 21.14.9, virtualenv's ScriptMakerCustom and pip pass an incompletely quoted interpreter path to distlib ScriptMaker when generating POSIX console scripts. When the path contains …
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High 7.3
orbitale imagemagick-php Command.php font os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in orbitale imagemagick-php up to 3.3.5. Affected by this issue is the function Command::font of the file src/Command.php. The manipulation of the argument fontFile results in os command injection. The attack can be execute…
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High 8.6
PingTools Network Utilities 4.64 - OS command injection through Watcher ICMP host
PingTools Network Utilities 4.64 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the Host field of a Watcher ICMP service. The application appends the attacker-controlled Host value to a ping command, serializes the command as a single string, and executes …
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High 7.8
BentoML through 1.4.39 Dockerfile Instruction Injection via docker.env Keys
BentoML through 1.4.39 contains a Dockerfile instruction injection vulnerability that allows attackers to add arbitrary build instructions by embedding newlines in docker.env mapping keys rendered by the legacy base.j2 template. Attackers can supply a crafted…
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High 7.8
Television 0.15.0 through 0.15.9 OS Command Injection via External Action Formatting
Television (tv) 0.15.0 through 0.15.9 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to run shell commands through improperly escaped single quotes in format_command. Attackers can plant a file with a crafted name containing an apostroph…
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High 7.2
HPE Compute Scale-up Server 3200 and 3250 platforms, Superdome Flex and Superdome Flex 280 servers, Remote Command Execution vulnerability
A security vulnerability in HPE Compute Scale-up Server 3200 and 3250 platforms, Superdome Flex and Superdome Flex 280 servers could be exploited remotely to execute arbitrary commands on the RMC.
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High 8.8
An issue was discovered on Tektronix 3 Series MDO devices before 1.21.1. An OS command injection vulnerability exists i…
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High 8.8
Apache Kylin: spark job OS command injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Apache Kylin. Impact most to the kylin services that are directly exposed to public network, which is not common. In-house kylin deployments are mostly…
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High 8.8
ZoneMinder: Authenticated RCE via command injection in monitor Device Path
ZoneMinder is a free, open source closed-circuit television software application. Prior to 1.39.2, 1.38.2, and 1.36.40, ZoneMinder interpolates an unvalidated monitor Device field into shell commands in PHP and Perl control paths when an authenticated user wi…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-102607 Public exploit
ZoneMinder: Authenticated OS Command Injection (RCE) via Export Feature
ZoneMinder is a free, open source closed-circuit television software application. Prior to 1.38.3, the exportEvents() function concatenates the attacker-controlled exportFile request parameter into a shell command without neutralizing shell metacharacters whe…
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High 7.2
SparkyFitness: Authenticated OS command injection (host RCE) via backup-restore filename in POST /api/admin/backup/restore
SparkyFitness is a self-hosted, AI-powered health and fitness tracker for families. Prior to 1.6.0, the api/admin/backup/restore endpoint interpolates an uploaded filename into a shell command. An authenticated global administrator uploads a restore archive w…
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High 7.8
Wheels CLI 4.0.0 through 4.1.1 insufficiently validates or escapes caller-supplied values and package contents. Deploy …
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High 7.8
Z.ai ZCode v3.11.2.6792 was discovered to automatically establish connections with MCP servers declared inside a reposi…
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High 7.2
Netgate pfSense CE 2.4.5 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via system_advanced_admin.php
pfSense CE 2.4.5 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated WebGUI users with Advanced Admin Access privilege to execute commands as root via Login Protection settings. Attackers can submit sshguard threshold, block…
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High 7.5
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh
pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can us…
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High 7.2
Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via Traffic Shaper Limiters
Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with Traffic Shaper Limiters privileges to execute root commands by tampering with the limiter number field. Attackers can submit a malicious…
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High 7.2
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via CARP VHID
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with Virtual IP edit privileges to execute commands as root by storing an unvalidated CARP VHID. Attackers can supply a VHID containing shell metac…
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High 7.2
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via Gateway Monitor IP
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with gateway edit privileges to execute commands as root by injecting shell metacharacters into an IPv6 link-local zone index. Attackers can set a …
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High 7.2
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via Wireless Parent Interface
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to execute commands as root by supplying a crafted wireless parent interface name. Attackers with limited Wireless Edit or Interface Assignments pr…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-111214 EPSS 11%
Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via interfaces_qinq_edit.php
Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with QinQ edit privilege to run commands by storing an unvalidated parent interface name. Attackers can save a crafted 'if' value, then edit …
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High 8.3
Unitronics - CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Unitronics Unitronics UniStream Pro/UniLogic. This issue affects Unitronics UniStream Pro/UniLogic: Unitronics UniStream Pro versions only (B10 / C10…
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High 8.6
WebSocket timelapse path traversal and command injection
A relative path traversal vulnerability has been reported to affect QuMagie. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to read the contents of unexpected files or system data. We have already fixed the vulner…
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High 8.8
Netgate pfSense FRR package (pfSense-pkg-frr) 2.0.2_1 and source revision 2.1.2_1 contain an OS command injection vulne…
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High 8.1
GitPython 3.1.30 before 3.2.0 Command Injection via Remote.pull() Refspec
GitPython from 3.1.30 before 3.2.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in Remote.pull() whose unsafe-option guard inspects only keyword arguments, not the positional refspec. Attackers controlling the refspec can supply --upload-pack=<command> to e…
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High 7.2
Post-authentication Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerab…