Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
2,692 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Markdown Preview Enhanced: One Click RCE via Markdown Link Command Injection on Windows
Markdown Preview Enhanced is a Markdown preview extension for Visual Studio Code. Prior to 0.8.28, Markdown Preview Enhanced preview-link handling passes a decoded, Markdown-controlled link target to a Windows file-opening helper that invokes child_process.ex…
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High 8.4
Flyto2 Core: Unauthenticated Command Execution via HTTP MCP `execute_module`
Flyto2 Core is an execution kernel for automation and AI-agent workflows. From 2.26.2 until 2.26.4, the HTTP MCP POST /mcp route accepts unauthenticated JSON-RPC tools/call requests and forwards execute_module arguments to the module registry without the requ…
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High 8.8
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: EX Series, SRX Series, QFX Series: A rogue DHCP server causes root-level command execution when the phone-home client processes specific information
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the phone-home daemon (phcd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved on EX Series, SRX Series, and QFX Series allows an adjacent unauthent…
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High 7.8
Junos OS: MX Series: Missing Authorization for specific 'request' CLI commands allows command injection
An OS command injection vulnerability in the CLI of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows a local, low privileged attacker to take complete control of the device. A specific 'request csds' command doesn't sanitize user provided input so that it can be interpreted …
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High 8.8
Junos OS Evolved: PTX Series: An attacker controlled DHCP response causes root-level compromise when zero-touch provisioning is used
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in the bootzd zero-touch provisioning daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated attacker on the management LAN to execute commands as root via crafted DHCP response.
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High 8.8
Junos OS Evolved: PTX Series: An attacker controlled gRPC response causes root-level compromise when zero-touch provisioning is used
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in the bootzd zero-touch provisioning daemon of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved on PTX Series allows an unauthenticated attacker on the management LAN to execute commands as root via a crafted gRPC response.
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High 7.8
mise permits untrusted local configuration to override default shell arguments
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. Prior to 2026.7.14, in the default non-safe mode, mise loads .mise.toml [settings] from an untrusted local project before trust approval and strip_local_only_settings removes only fields marked g…
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High 7.8
@offactory/compress-fonts before 1.1.1 OS Command Injection via Font File Names
@offactory/compress-fonts before 1.1.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying font files with crafted names. Font paths are interpolated unquoted into a FontForge command run through child_p…
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High 8.1
Beganovich snappdf 1.1.0 before 6.1.0 OS Command Injection on Windows via setUrl()
Beganovich snappdf from 1.1.0 before 6.1.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability on Windows that allows attackers to run commands by influencing the rendered URL. Attackers can supply cmd.exe metacharacters such as & in the setUrl() value, which exec…
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High 7.8
Turnpress through 0.4.2 OS Command Injection via Crafted .docx File Names
Turnpress through 0.4.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying .docx files with crafted names. The convertDocxToHtml function in src/converter.ts invokes pandoc through execa with shell:true…
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High 7.8
xhtml2pdf before 0.2.19 OS Command Injection via startViewer File Name
xhtml2pdf before 0.2.19 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in pisa.startViewer() that allows attackers to execute commands by interpolating unescaped file names into os.system. Attackers can supply an input file whose name contains a double quote …
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High 8.8
@runnerty/executor-decompress through 3.1.1 OS Command Injection via Archive File Name
@runnerty/executor-decompress through 3.1.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted archive file names to compress_file. Attackers who can name a file dropped into a watched directory can i…
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High 7.8
buildebooks before 0.2.2 OS Command Injection via kindlegen EPUB File Name
buildebooks before 0.2.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in lib/kindle.js that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted EPUB file name passed to kindlegen via child_process.exec. Attackers can craft a book project with a mali…
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High 8.8
Koha authenticated OS command injection in tools/scheduler.pl via the jobid parameter when deleting a scheduled task
Koha is vulnerable to OS command injection in the Task Scheduler deletion path. The tools/scheduler.pl handler accepts the jobid request parameter for op=cud-delete and passes it to C4::Scheduler::remove_at_job without validating it. Schedule::At::remove subs…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-106931 Exploited
SiteGuard Server Edition contains an OS command injection vulnerability, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitra…
KEV Oct 20, 2026 -
High 8.0
NetBird client SSH config Match line injection via peer FQDN or hostname allows local command execution
Improper neutralization of special elements in the NetBird client SSH configuration manager (client/ssh/config/manager.go) in NetBird versions 0.60.0 through 0.74.6 allows a malicious or compromised peer to execute arbitrary commands on other NetBird client h…
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High 8.8
Moghtech Komodo contains an OS command injection vulnerability
The `periphery` agent's container-management functionality of Komodo version 2.2.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability. An authenticated low-privileged user with `Execute`, or `Read` plus `Logs`, permission on a managed server can supply shell meta…
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High 7.0
VNote: Argument injection to arbitrary command execution via crafted note filename in external-program handling
VNote is a note-taking platform. Prior to 4.3.0, SessionConfig::ExternalProgram::fetchCommand wraps a note path in double quotes and substitutes it into a command string that QProcess::start(const QString&) reparses into arguments through ProcessUtils::startD…
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High 7.3
MultiTail: Shell injection in execute-on-match command handling
MultiTail is a utility for monitoring multiple log files in one terminal. In version 7.1.5 and earlier, the -ex and -eX execute-on-match feature appended attacker-controlled matched input to a configured command inside double quotes, then check_filter_exec() …
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High 7.3
Azure CycleCloud Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Azure CycleCloud allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
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High 7.0
KDE Dolphin 24.08.0 through 26.08.2 OS Command Injection via Crafted Folder Name
KDE Dolphin 24.08.0 through 26.08.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted folder names substituted into the {path} placeholder. Attackers can embed a double quote and shell metacharacters…
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High 7.8
rovr through 0.10.3 OS Command Injection via Unquoted Path to cmd.exe
Rovr through 0.10.3 on Windows contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by crafting malicious file names. Attackers can deliver a file named with shell metacharacters like & alongside a payload, which runs with …
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High 8.8
odt2spip < 4.4.0 OS Command Injection via Document Filename
odt2spip plugin for SPIP before 4.4.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated authors to execute arbitrary commands by uploading a document with a maliciously crafted filename through the document import form. Attackers can em…
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High 8.8
heym Python Tool Sandbox Escape
Heym builds and runs agentic systems and business-process automations on self-hosted infrastructure. Prior to 0.0.40, an authenticated user who can create or edit a workflow with an Agent custom Python tool can bypass the blacklist-based sandbox in backend/ap…
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High 8.5
Teltonika Command Injection in Backup function
Command injection in the backup function in Teltonika Networks RUTOS 7.22 before 7.24.6 and 7.25 before 7.25.2 (RUT, RUTX, RUTM, RUTC, ATRM, CAP, OXA, DAP, TRB, OTD, and EBG devices), RUTOS 7.22 before 7.25.2 (TAP devices), and TSWOS 1.9 before 1.10.4 (TSW an…
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data Command Injection
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.7
IBM Maximo Application Suite - Location Service for Esri Component Code Execution
IBM Maximo Application Suite - Location Service for Esri Component 9.2, 9.1, and 9.0 is vulnerable to command injection due to improper sanitisation of a user-controlled value passed to a shell command in a Kubernetes operator task.
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High 8.1
easy-pdf-merge 0.1.0 through 0.2.6 OS Command Injection via merge function
easy-pdf-merge 0.1.0 through 0.2.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by injecting shell metacharacters into source paths, destination path, or maxHeap option. Attackers can supply file names or options co…
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High 8.8
Grav Git Sync 1.0.2 through 3.4.12 Command Injection via Commit Author
Grav Git Sync 1.0.2 through 3.4.12 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated content editors to execute OS commands by injecting shell substitutions into profile fields. When the gravuser or gravfull author mode is enabled, attacker…
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High 7.8
Command Injection in Ministry of Justice's UYAP Document Editor
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Ministry of Justice General Directorate of Information Technology UYAP Document Editor on Windows and Linux and Ministry of Justice General Directorate…
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High 7.8
mac-shell-mcp before 2.0.0 OS Command Injection via execute_command Arguments
mac-shell-mcp before 2.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows MCP clients to bypass the command whitelist by injecting shell metacharacters into execute_command arguments. Attackers or malicious prompts can call a safe command such as …
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition from 17.0 through 17.5
An OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition from 17.0 through 17.5 could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server.
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High 7.0
pbi-cli 3.10.1 through 3.12.0 OS Command Injection via Desktop Sync
pbi-cli 3.10.1 through 3.12.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in desktop_sync.py that passes unquoted .pbip paths to cmd /c start when reopening projects. Attackers can lure victims into opening a Power BI project from a space-free path contain…
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High 7.5
Spotweb through 1.5.8 OS Command Injection via Spot Title in Runcommand Integration
Spotweb through 1.5.8 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the runcommand NZB handler that allows remote attackers to execute commands by publishing spots with malicious titles. Attackers can post self-signed spots over Usenet with shell metachar…
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High 7.5
FusionPBX through 5.6.5 OS Command Injection via Caller ID in Recording ZIP Download
FusionPBX through 5.6.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in call_recordings::download() that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute commands by placing calls with malicious caller ID values. When the record_name filename template is enabled…
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High 8.4
ExifTool for photo and video 5.0.1 - Local OS command injection through filenames during CSV export
ExifTool for photo and video 5.0.1-gms by CellHubs constructs shell command strings from file paths and invokes /system/bin/sh -c. In the CSV-export path, the selected media path is merely surrounded with single quotes; embedded single quotes are not escaped.
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High 8.8CVE-2026-55797 Public exploit
Argo CD repo-server command injection via crafted SSH repository SOCKS5 proxy URL
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.11.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, the Argo CD repo-server is vulnerable to command injection when it clones, tests, or fetches an SSH Git repository configured wit…
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High 8.1
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2.2, and 12.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 7.2
IBM Guardium Data Protection Command Injection
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is affected by a command injection vulnerability in the SUID-root ssh_config_wrapper component. An authenticated high-privileged user can inject arbitrary commands through attacker-controlled arguments, resulting in command e…
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High 8.7
In OpenStack Mistral through 23.0.0, the std.ssh_proxied action passes a caller-supplied proxy_command value directly t…