Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-9745 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-500WF jhttpd version_upgrade.asp os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DI-500WF 14.04.10A1T. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /version_upgrade.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument path leads to os command injection. The attack ma…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-816L soap.cgi soapcgi_main os command injection
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DIR-816L 206b01. Affected by this issue is the function soapcgi_main of the file /soap.cgi. This manipulation of the argument service causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The expl…
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Medium 6.3
LB-LINK BL-X26 HTTP set_blacklist os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. This affects an unknown function of the file /goform/set_blacklist of the component HTTP Handler. Such manipulation of the argument mac leads to os command injection. The attack can be launch…
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Medium 6.3
LB-LINK BL-X26 HTTP set_hidessid_cfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_hidessid_cfg of the component HTTP Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. The attack can be ini…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 upload.cgi cgiMain os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This issue affects the function cgiMain of the file /cgi-bin/upload.cgi. Executing manipulation of the argumen…
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Medium 4.4
Cisco NXOS Software Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute a command injection attack on the underlying operating system of an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid user cr…
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Medium 6.0
Cisco UCS Manager Software Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco UCS Manager Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative privileges to read or create a file or overwrite any file on the file system of the underlying operating system of an affected device, in…
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Medium 6.5
Cisco UCS Manager Software Command Injection Vulnerability
Multiple vulnerabilities in the CLI and web-based management interface of Cisco UCS Manager Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and elevate privileges…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-9528 EPSS 54%
Linksys E1700 systemCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. This vulnerability affects the function systemCommand of the file /goform/systemCommand. Executing manipulation of the argument command can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched r…
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Medium 6.5
The Calamaris log exporter CGI (/cgi-bin/logs.cgi/calamaris.dat) in IPFire 2.29 does not properly sanitize user-supplie…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-9424 EPSS 15%
Ruijie WS7204-A branch_import.php os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Ruijie WS7204-A 2017.06.15. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /itbox_pi/branch_import.php?a=branch_list. Such manipulation of the argument province leads to os command injection. The attac…
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Medium 6.3
DCN DCME-720 Web Management Backend ip_block.php os command injection
A vulnerability was found in DCN DCME-720 9.1.5.11. This affects an unknown function of the file /usr/local/www/function/audit/newstatistics/ip_block.php of the component Web Management Backend. Performing manipulation of the argument ip results in os command…
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Medium 5.6
wong2 mcp-cli oAuth provider.js redirectToAuthorization os command injection
A flaw has been found in wong2 mcp-cli 1.13.0. Affected is the function redirectToAuthorization of the file /src/oauth/provider.js of the component oAuth Handler. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack …
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 addStaticRoute os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This vulnerability affects the function addStaticRoute of the file /goform/addStaticRoute. Such ma…
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Medium 5.3
neurobin shc Environment Variable shc.c make os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in neurobin shc up to 4.0.3. Impacted is the function make of the file src/shc.c of the component Environment Variable Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack is only possible with local access…
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Medium 5.3
neurobin shc Filename shc.c make os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in neurobin shc up to 4.0.3. This vulnerability affects the function make of the file src/shc.c of the component Filename Handler. Executing manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can only be executed locally.…
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Medium 6.5
TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities via the m…
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Medium 6.0
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat D…
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Medium 6.5CVE-2025-50946 Public exploit
OliveTin OS Command Injection vulnerability
OS Command Injection in Olivetin 2025.4.22 Custom Themes via the ParseRequestURI function in service/internal/executor/arguments.go.
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Medium 6.5
The /goform/formJsonAjaxReq POST endpoint of Shenzhen Tuoshi NR500-EA RG500UEAABxCOMSLICv3.4.2731.16.43 devices mishand…
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Medium 6.5
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in …
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Medium 6.7
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
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Medium 6.6
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command ("OS Command Injection") vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 setWan sub_3517C os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. Affected by this issue is the function sub_3517C of the file /goform/setWan. The manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to os command injection. T…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 RP_setBasicAuto um_red os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. Affected by this vulnerability is the function um_red of the file /goform/RP_setBasicAuto. The manipulation of the argument hname leads to os command i…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 setIpv6 ipv6cmd os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. Affected is the function ipv6cmd of the file /goform/setIpv6. The manipulation of the argument Ipv6PriDns/Ipv6SecDns/Ipv6StaticGateway/LanIpv6Addr/LanP…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 RP_setBasicAuto um_inspect_cross_band os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. This issue affects the function um_inspect_cross_band of the file /goform/RP_setBasicAuto. The manipulation of the argument staticGateway leads to os comman…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 RP_setBasicAuto os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. This affects the function RP_setBasicAuto of the file /goform/RP_setBasicAuto. The manipulation of the argument staticIp/staticNetmask leads to os comm…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 setDeviceName os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setDeviceName of the file /goform/setDeviceName. The manipulation of the argument DeviceName leads to os comm…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 RP_setBasic os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. This issue affects the function RP_setBasic of the file /goform/RP_setBasic. The manipulation of the argument bssid leads to os command injection. The …
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 setLan setDFSSetting os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 up to 20250801. Affected by this issue is the function setDFSSetting of the file /goform/setLan. The manipulation of the argument lanNetmask/lanIp leads to os command …
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Medium 6.3
Powered BLUE 870 versions 0.20130927 and prior contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If this vulnerability is …
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Medium 6.3
agentUniverse MCPSessionManager/MCPTool/MCPToolkit StdioServerParameters os command injection
A vulnerability was found in agentUniverse up to 0.0.18 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function StdioServerParameters of the component MCPSessionManager/MCPTool/MCPToolkit. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be …
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Medium 6.3
SkyworkAI DeepResearchAgent tools.py from_mcp os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in SkyworkAI DeepResearchAgent up to 08eb7f8eb9505d0094d75bb97ff7dacc3fa3bbf2. Affected is the function from_code/from_dict/from_mcp of the file src/tools/tools.py. The manipulation leads to os comm…
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Medium 6.3
agno-agi agno Model Context Protocol mcp.py MultiMCPTools os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in agno-agi agno up to 1.7.5. This issue affects the function MCPTools/MultiMCPTools in the library libs/agno/agno/tools/mcp.py of the component Model Context Protocol Handler. The manipulation…
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DMX958XR libSystemLib Command injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR libSystemLib Command injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to expl…
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to exp…
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to exp…
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DMX958XR libSystemLib Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR libSystemLib Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to expl…
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DMX958XR JKWifiService Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to exp…