Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.5
Netty netty-codec-smtp SMTP Command Injection Vulnerability Allowing Email Forgery
Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. In versions prior to 4.1.128.Final and 4.2.7.Final, the SMTP codec in Netty contains an SMTP command injection vulnerability due to insufficient input validation for Carriage Return (\r) an…
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Medium 4.6CVE-2025-60013 Public exploit
F5OS-A FIPS HSM password vulnerability
When a highly-privileged, authenticated attacker attempts to initialize the rSeries FIPS module using a password with special shell metacharacters, arbitrary system commands may be executed, and the FIPS hardware security module (HSM) may fail to initialize. …
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Medium 6.6
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DAP-2695 Firmware Update rgbin fwupdater_main os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DAP-2695 2.00RC131. This affects the function fwupdater_main of the file rgbin of the component Firmware Update Handler. Performing manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. This…
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Medium 5.3
Junos OS Evolved: OS command injection vulnerabilities fixed
Multiple instances of an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the CLI of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved could be used to elevate privileges and/or execute unauthorized commands. When an…
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Medium 6.3
wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP command-manager.ts CommandManager os command injection
A vulnerability was found in wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP up to 0.2.13. The impacted element is the function CommandManager of the file src/command-manager.ts. Performing manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack …
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Medium 6.3
wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP Absolute Path command-manager.ts extractBaseCommand os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in wonderwhy-er DesktopCommanderMCP up to 0.2.13. The affected element is the function extractBaseCommand of the file src/command-manager.ts of the component Absolute Path Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DI-7001 MINI upgrade_filter.asp os command injection
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DI-7001 MINI 24.04.18B1. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /upgrade_filter.asp. This manipulation of the argument path causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been m…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.1…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.1…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.1…
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Medium 6.4
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3…
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Medium 6.3
samanhappy MCPHub serverController.ts os command injection
A vulnerability was found in samanhappy MCPHub up to 0.9.10. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file src/controllers/serverController.ts. The manipulation of the argument command/args results in os command injection. The attack can be…
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Medium 5.1
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnera…
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Medium 4.7
Ruijie NBR2100G-E branch_passw.php listAction os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Ruijie NBR2100G-E up to 20250919. Affected by this issue is the function listAction of the file /itbox_pi/branch_passw.php?a=list. Performing manipulation of the argument city results in os command injection. The attack …
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Medium 6.3
mirweiye wenkucms common.php createPathOne os command injection
A vulnerability was found in mirweiye wenkucms up to 3.4. This impacts the function createPathOne of the file app/common/common.php. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and co…
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Medium 6.7
Dell Cloud Disaster Recovery, version(s) prior to 19.20, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used…
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Medium 6.5
OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link C1 2020-02-21. The sub_47F028 function in jhttpd contains a command inject…
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Medium 6.5
OS Command injection vulnerability in Tenda AC9 1.0 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-10775 EPSS 17%
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 login.cgi sub_4012A0 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 240425. This vulnerability affects the function sub_4012A0 of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ipaddr leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the at…
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Medium 4.7
Ruijie 6000-E10 sub_commit.php os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Ruijie 6000-E10 up to 2.4.3.6-20171117. This affects an unknown part of the file /view/vpn/autovpn/sub_commit.php. This manipulation of the argument key causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remot…
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Medium 4.5
CosmodiumCS OnlyRAT Configuration File main.py remote_download os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in CosmodiumCS OnlyRAT up to 3.2. The affected element is the function connect/remote_upload/remote_download of the file main.py of the component Configuration File Handler. The manipulation of the argument configuration["PASSWORD…
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Medium 5.2
HyperX NGENUITY - Arbitrary Code Execution
HyperX NGENUITY software is potentially vulnerable to arbitrary code execution. HP is releasing updated software to address the potential vulnerability.
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Medium 4.7
IBM watsonx.data command execution
IBM Lakehouse (watsonx.data 2.2) could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary commands on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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Medium 6.3
sequa-ai sequa-mcp OAuth Server Discovery node-oauth-client-provider.ts redirectToAuthorization os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in sequa-ai sequa-mcp up to 1.0.13. This affects the function redirectToAuthorization of the file src/helpers/node-oauth-client-provider.ts of the component OAuth Server Discovery. Performing manipulation results in os command inj…
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Remote Code Execution allows Exploit in Scripts Feature
A vulnerable feature in the command line interface of EdgeConnect SD-WAN could allow an authenticated attacker to exploit built-in script execution capabilities. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying o…
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Medium 6.3
FreePBX Post-Authenticated Command Injection
FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. From 17.0.19.11 to before 17.0.21, authenticated users of the Administrator Control Panel (ACP) can run arbitrary shell commands by maliciously changing languages of the framework module. This vuln…
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Medium 6.3
Tenda AC9/AC15 exeCommand formexeCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC9 and AC15 15.03.05.14. This affects the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/exeCommand. This manipulation of the argument cmdinput causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. T…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-10441 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-8100G/DI-8200G/DI-8003G jhttpd version_upgrade.asp sub_433F7C os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100G, DI-8200G and DI-8003G 17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this issue is the function sub_433F7C of the file version_upgrade.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument path results in os command i…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-10440 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-8100/DI-8100G/DI-8200/DI-8200G/DI-8003/DI-8003G jhttpd usb_paswd.asp sub_4621DC os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DI-8100, DI-8100G, DI-8200, DI-8200G, DI-8003 and DI-8003G 16.07.26A1/17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_4621DC of the file usb_paswd.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation…
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID playsinglefile.php os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/playsinglefile.php. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection.…
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID shuffle.php os command injection
A weakness has been identified in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/shuffle.php. Executing manipulation of the argument playlist can lead to os command injection.…
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID single.php os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/single.php. Performing manipulation of the argument playlist results in os command injection. The attack can be init…
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Medium 5.8
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
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Medium 5.8
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
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Medium 6.5
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78] …
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Medium 5.3
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in PLDT WiFi Router's Prolink PGN6401V Firmware 8.1.2 web management inter…