Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.3
kalcaddle kodbox Media File Preview Plugin VideoResize.class.php run os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in kalcaddle kodbox up to 1.64.05. The impacted element is the function run of the file plugins/fileThumb/lib/VideoResize.class.php of the component Media File Preview Plugin. Such manipulation of the argument localFile leads to…
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Medium 6.9
Arduino App Lab has Improper Data Validation in Internal Terminal Interface
Arduino App Lab is a cross-platform IDE for developing Arduino Apps. Prior to 0.4.0, a vulnerability was identified in the Terminal component of the arduino-app-lab application. The issue stems from insufficient sanitization and validation of input data recei…
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Medium 5.4
grub-btrfs through 2026-01-31 (on Arch Linux and derivative distributions) allows initramfs OS command injection becaus…
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Medium 6.3
Totolink WA300 cstecgi.cgi setAPNetwork os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink WA300 5.2cu.7112_B20190227. The impacted element is the function setAPNetwork of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Ipaddr results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from …
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-2131 EPSS 17%
XixianLiang HarmonyOS-mcp-server input_text os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in XixianLiang HarmonyOS-mcp-server 0.1.0. This vulnerability affects the function input_text. The manipulation of the argument text leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is pu…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-823X set_mac_clone os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_mac_clone. Such manipulation of the argument mac leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit …
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-823X set_password os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_password. This manipulation of the argument http_passwd causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotel…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-823X Web Management set_ac_server os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /goform/set_ac_server of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument ac_server results in os command injection. The…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-823X set_ipv6 sub_424D20 os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. Affected by this issue is the function sub_424D20 of the file /goform/set_ipv6. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has …
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Medium 4.5
HCL AION is susceptible to Potential Command Injection vulnerability
A Potential Command Injection vulnerability in HCL AION. An This can allow unintended command execution, potentially leading to unauthorized actions on the underlying system.This issue affects AION: 2.0
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Medium 5.4
Command Injection in nvm via NVM_AUTH_HEADER in wget code path
A command injection vulnerability exists in nvm (Node Version Manager) versions 0.40.3 and below. The nvm_download() function uses eval to execute wget commands, and the NVM_AUTH_HEADER environment variable was not sanitized in the wget code path (though it w…
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Medium 6.6
Inspektor Gadget has a Command Injection vulnerability in Makefile.build
Inspektor Gadget is a set of tools and framework for data collection and system inspection on Kubernetes clusters and Linux hosts using eBPF. The `ig` binary provides a subcommand for image building, used to generate custom gadget OCI images. A part of this f…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-823X set_mode sub_41E2A0 os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. Impacted is the function sub_41E2A0 of the file /goform/set_mode. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_gateway results in os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out re…
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Medium 6.8
Command injection vulnerability
The VSCode extension for Spring CLI are vulnerable to command injection, resulting in command execution on the users machine.
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Medium 6.5
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4…
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Medium 6.0
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4…
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Medium 6.9
Command injection in Kieback&Peter Neutrino-GLT
Kieback&Peter Neutrino-GLT product is used for building management. It's web component "SM70 PHWEB" is vulnerable to shell command injection via login form. The injected commands would execute with low privileges. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 9…
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Medium 6.3
Tenda W6-S ATE Service ate TendaAte os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Tenda W6-S 1.0.0.4(510). This affects the function TendaAte of the file /goform/ate of the component ATE Service. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has bee…
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Medium 4.3
VideoFlow Digital Video Protection DVP 2.10 Authenticated Remote Code Execution
VideoFlow Digital Video Protection DVP 2.10 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to execute system commands with root privileges. Attackers can exploit the vulnerability through a cross-site request forgery (CSRF…
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK X5000R cstecgi.cgi snprintf os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in TOTOLINK X5000R 9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224. Affected by this issue is the function snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=exportOvpn&type=user. This manipulation of the argument User causes os command injection. Remote …
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Medium 5.0
Jenkins Git client Plugin has an OS command injection vulnerability on agents in Git client Plugin
Jenkins Git client Plugin 6.4.0 and earlier does not not correctly escape the path to the workspace directory as part of an argument in a temporary shell script generated by the plugin, allowing attackers able to control the workspace directory name to inject…
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Medium 6.9CVE-2025-53679 EPSS 12%
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
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Medium 6.7
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Fortinet FortiExtender …
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Medium 6.3
TykoDev cherry-studio-TykoFork OAuth Server Discovery oauth-authorization-server redirectToAuthorization os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in TykoDev cherry-studio-TykoFork 0.1. This issue affects the function redirectToAuthorization of the file /.well-known/oauth-authorization-server of the component OAuth Server Discovery. Such manipulation of the argument author…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-14094 EPSS 20%
Edimax BR-6478AC V3 formSysCmd sub_44CCE4 os command injection
A flaw has been found in Edimax BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15. The affected element is the function sub_44CCE4 of the file /boafrm/formSysCmd. This manipulation of the argument sysCmd causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has be…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-14093 EPSS 20%
Edimax BR-6478AC V3 formTracerouteDiagnosticRun sub_416990 os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Edimax BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15. Impacted is the function sub_416990 of the file /boafrm/formTracerouteDiagnosticRun. The manipulation of the argument host results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The ex…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-14092 EPSS 17%
Edimax BR-6478AC V3 formDebugDiagnosticRun sub_416898 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Edimax BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15. This issue affects the function sub_416898 of the file /boafrm/formDebugDiagnosticRun. The manipulation of the argument host leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated r…
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Medium 6.9
Loaded Commerce 6.6 Client-Side Template Injection (CSTI)
Loaded Commerce 6.6 contains a client-side template injection vulnerability via the search parameter that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code in the victim's browser context when they visit a crafted URL.
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Medium 6.2
Command Injection in Opto22 Groov REST API
A vulnerability exists in the Opto22 Groov Manage REST API on GRV-EPIC and groov RIO Products that allows remote code execution with root privileges. When a POST request is executed against the vulnerable endpoint, the application reads certain header details…
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Command Injection allows Unauthorized Command Execution in AOS-CX
A command injection vulnerability exists in the AOS-CX Operating System. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct a Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the affected system.
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Command Injection allows Unauthorized Command Execution in AOS-CX
A command injection vulnerability exists in the AOS-CX Operating System. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct a Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the affected system.
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Medium 6.7
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
KEV Nov 18, 2025 -
Medium 5.1CVE-2025-63408 Public exploit
Local Agent DVR versions thru 6.6.1.0 are vulnerable to directory traversal that allows an unauthenticated local attack…
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Medium 6.8
CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
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Medium 6.3
Cisco DNA Center API Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco Catalyst Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands in a restricted container as the root user. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in RES…
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Medium 6.8
Command injection vulnerability allowing arbitrary command execution on Windows
pgAdmin 4 versions up to 9.9 are affected by a command injection vulnerability on Windows systems. This issue is caused by the use of shell=True during backup and restore operations, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by providing special…
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Medium 6.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Business Connector
Due to an OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Business Connector, an authenticated attacker with administrative access and adjacent network access could upload specially crafted content to the server. If processed by the application, this content enable…
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Medium 4.6
Apache Airflow: Command injection in "example_dag_decorator"
An example dag `example_dag_decorator` had non-validated parameter that allowed the UI user to redirect the example to a malicious server and execute code on worker. This however required that the example dags are enabled in production (not default) or the ex…
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Medium 5.4
FastMCP vulnerable to windows command injection in FastMCP Cursor installer via server_name
FastMCP is the standard framework for building MCP applications. Versions prior to 2.13.0, a command-injection vulnerability lets any attacker who can influence the server_name field of an MCP execute arbitrary OS commands on Windows hosts that run fastmcp in…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DAP-2695 Firmware Update sub_4174B0 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DAP-2695 2.00RC13. The impacted element is the function sub_4174B0 of the component Firmware Update Handler. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit…