Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.6
Vim affected by Command injection via newline in glob()
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0202, a command injection vulnerability exists in Vim's glob() function on Unix-like systems. By including a newline character (\n) in a pattern passed to glob(), an attacker may be able to…
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Medium 6.7
sbt: Source dependency feature (via crafted VCS URL) leads to arbitrary code execution on Windows
sbt is a build tool for Scala, Java, and others. From version 0.9.5 to before version 1.12.7, on Windows, sbt uses Process("cmd", "/c", ...) to run VCS commands (git, hg, svn). The URI fragment (branch, tag, revision) is user-controlled via the build definiti…
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Medium 4.7
kalcaddle kodbox fileThumb Endpoint app.php checkBin os command injection
A weakness has been identified in kalcaddle kodbox 1.64. This affects the function checkBin of the file /workspace/source-code/plugins/fileThumb/app.php of the component fileThumb Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack…
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Medium 5.9
AVideo Vulnerable to OS Command Injection via Unescaped URL in LinkedIn Video Upload Shell Command
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Prior to version 26.0, the `uploadVideoToLinkedIn()` method in the SocialMediaPublisher plugin constructs a shell command by directly interpolating an upload URL received from LinkedIn's API response, without sani…
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Medium 5.3
sigmade Git-MCP-Server gitUtils.ts child_process.exec os command injection
A vulnerability was found in sigmade Git-MCP-Server up to 785aa159f262a02d5791a5d8a8e13c507ac42880. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.exec of the file src/gitUtils.ts of the component show_merge_diff/quick_merge_summary/show_file_di…
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Medium 6.3
QuNetSwitch
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuNetSwitch. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QuNe…
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Medium 5.7
QuNetSwitch
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuNetSwitch. If a local attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following vers…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-513 formSysCmd os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/formSysCmd. Executing a manipulation of the argument sysCmd can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has be…
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Medium 6.3
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via sort --compress-program Parameter
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in the safe-bin configuration when sort is manually added to tools.exec.safeBins. Attackers can invoke sort with the --compress-program flag to execute arbitrary external programs …
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Medium 6.6
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Remote Code Execution via SHELLOPTS/PS4 Environment Injection in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an environment variable injection vulnerability in the system.run function that allows attackers to bypass command allowlist restrictions via SHELLOPTS and PS4 environment variables. An attacker who can invoke syst…
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Medium 6.3
OpenClaw 2026.2.26 < 2026.3.1 - Current Working Directory Injection via Windows Wrapper Resolution Fallback
OpenClaw versions 2026.2.26 prior to 2026.3.1 on Windows contain a current working directory injection vulnerability in wrapper resolution for .cmd/.bat files that allows attackers to influence execution behavior through cwd manipulation. Remote attackers can…
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Medium 4.4
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - safeBins stdin-only bypass via sort output and recursive grep flags
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 tools.exec.safeBins contains an input validation bypass vulnerability that allows attackers to execute unintended filesystem operations through sort output flags or recursive grep flags. Attackers with command execution ac…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw 2026.1.21 < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Windows Shell Fallback in Lobster Extension
OpenClaw versions 2026.1.21 prior to 2026.2.19 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Lobster extension's Windows shell fallback mechanism that allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands through tool-provided arguments. When spawn failures trigge…
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Medium 6.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Authorization Bypass via allow-always Wrapper Persistence
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in allow-always wrapper persistence that allows attackers to bypass approval checks by persisting wrapper-level allowlist entries instead of validating inner executable intent.…
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Medium 6.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Unescaped Environment Variables in Windows Scheduled Task Script Generation
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 contain a command injection vulnerability in Windows Scheduled Task script generation where environment variables are written to gateway.cmd using unquoted set KEY=VALUE assignments, allowing shell metacharacters to break …
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Medium 6.7
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via sort Configuration in safeBins
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in the safeBins configuration that allows attackers to invoke external helpers through the compress-program option. When sort is explicitly added to tools.exec.safeBins, remote att…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-4253 Public exploit
Tenda AC8 Web UploadCfg route_set_user_policy_rule os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda AC8 16.03.50.11. This affects the function route_set_user_policy_rule of the file /cgi-bin/UploadCfg of the component Web Interface. The manipulation of the argument wans.policy.list1 results in os command injectio…
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Medium 5.3
OpenAkita Chat API Endpoint shell.py run os command injection
A weakness has been identified in OpenAkita up to 1.24.3. This impacts the function run of the file src/openakita/tools/shell.py of the component Chat API Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument Message can lead to os command injection. The attack …
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Medium 5.3
0xKoda WireMCP Tshark CLI index.js server.tool os command injection
A vulnerability was found in 0xKoda WireMCP up to 7f45f8b2b4adeb76be8c6227eefb38533fdd6b1e. Impacted is the function server.tool of the file index.js of the component Tshark CLI Command Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack nee…
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Medium 6.7
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
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Medium 6.7
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet…
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Medium 6.3
Ghostty affected by arbitrary command execution via control characters in paste and drag-and-drop operations
Ghostty is a cross-platform terminal emulator. Ghostty allows control characters such as 0x03 (Ctrl+C) in pasted and dropped text. These can be used to execute arbitrary commands in some shell environments. This attack requires an attacker to convince the use…
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Medium 6.0
Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance and Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software Lua Code Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in a small subset of CLI commands that are used on Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to craft Lua code that cou…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw shell-env fallback trusted startup env and could execute attacker-influenced login-shell paths
### Summary OpenClaw shell-env fallback trusted startup environment values and could execute attacker-influenced login-shell startup paths before loading env keys. ### Affected Packages / Versions - Package: `openclaw` (npm) - Affected versions: `>= 2026.1.5`…
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Medium —
OpenClaw plugin runtime command execution is part of trusted plugin boundary
### Summary OpenClaw plugins/extensions run in-process and are treated as trusted code. This advisory tracks trust-boundary clarification around plugin runtime command execution (`runtime.system.runCommandWithTimeout`). ### Impact Plugins already execute with…
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Medium —
OpenClaw affected by iMessage remote attachment SCP hardening (strict host-key checks and remoteHost validation)
## Summary Remote iMessage attachment fetches used SCP with trust-on-first-use host-key behavior and accepted unvalidated remote host tokens. Before the fix: - SCP used `StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new` in the remote attachment path. - `channels.imessage.rem…
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Medium 6.3
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to arbitrary code injection due to runtime environment
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.1.2 through 5.3.0 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input through the job subroutine component.
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Medium 6.3
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to arbitrary code injection due to runtime environment
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.1.2 through 5.3.0 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input through the user-defined function component.
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Medium 6.3
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data is vulnerable to arbitrary code injection due to runtime environment
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.1.2 through 5.3.0 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input through the wrapped command component.
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Medium 5.9
Kiteworks Core has an OS Command Injection
Kiteworks is a private data network (PDN). Prior to version 9.2.0, avulnerability in Kiteworks command execution functionality allows authenticated users to redirect command output to arbitrary file locations. This could be exploited to overwrite critical sys…
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Medium 6.6
Zen-C Vulnerable to Command Injection via Malicious Output Filename
Zen C is a systems programming language that compiles to human-readable GNU C/C11. Prior to version 0.4.2, a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Zen C compiler allows local attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by providing a specially cra…
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Medium 6.7
Cisco UCS Manager and FXOS Software Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco FXOS Software and Cisco UCS Manager Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative privileges to perform command injection attacks on an affected system and elevate…
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Medium 6.5
Cisco UCS Manager Software Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the CLI and web-based management interface of Cisco UCS Manager Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with valid administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected devi…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-3102 Public exploit
exiftool PNG File MacOS.pm SetMacOSTags os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in exiftool up to 13.49 on macOS. This issue affects the function SetMacOSTags of the file lib/Image/ExifTool/MacOS.pm of the component PNG File Parser. This manipulation of the argument DateTimeOriginal causes os command inject…
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Medium 6.3
Intelbras TIP 635G Ping os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Intelbras TIP 635G 1.12.3.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Ping Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could …
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-3040 EPSS 10%
DrayTek Vigor 300B Web Management uploadlangs cgiGetFile os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in DrayTek Vigor 300B up to 1.5.1.6. This affects the function cgiGetFile of the file /cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi/uploadlangs of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command inj…
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Medium 6.8
Deciso OPNsense diag_backup.php filename Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Deciso OPNsense diag_backup.php filename Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Deciso OPNsense. Authentication is required to exploit …
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Medium 6.3
Liquid Prompt arbitrary command injection via crafted Git branch names in gitstatusd backend
Liquid Prompt is an adaptive prompt for Bash and Zsh. Starting in commit cf3441250bb5d8b45f6f8b389fcdf427a99ac28a and prior to commit a4f6b8d8c90b3eaa33d13dfd1093062ab9c4b30c on the master branch, arbitrary command injection can lead to code execution when a …
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Medium 5.9CVE-2026-26189 Public exploit
Trivy Action has a script injection via sourced env file in composite action
Trivy Action runs Trivy as GitHub action to scan a Docker container image for vulnerabilities. A command injection vulnerability exists in `aquasecurity/trivy-action` versions 0.31.0 through 0.33.1 due to improper handling of action inputs when exporting envi…
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Medium 6.4
Popup Box – Easily Create WordPress Popups <= 3.2.12 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting
The Popup Box – Easily Create WordPress Popups plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the plugin's 'iframeBox' shortcode in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.12 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping on …