Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
syncfusion ej2-javascript-ui-controls package.json child_process.exec os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in syncfusion ej2-javascript-ui-controls up to 33.2.3. This affects the function child_process.exec of the file package.json. The manipulation leads to os command injection. An attack has to be approached locally. Th…
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Medium 5.3
danger danger-js CLI localGetFileAtSHA.ts danger.git.diffForFile os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in danger danger-js up to 13.0.7. Impacted is the function danger.git.diffForFile of the file source/platforms/git/localGetFileAtSHA.ts of the component CLI. Such manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection. …
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Medium 5.3
oclif JIT Plugin Entry child_process.exec os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in oclif up to 4.23.16. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.exec of the component JIT Plugin Entry Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument jitPlugins results in os command injection. The attack …
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Medium 5.5
n8n before 2.30.1 Shell Sandbox Bypass on Linux Windows
n8n before 2.29.8 and 2.30.x before 2.30.1 does not enforce shell sandbox restrictions on Linux and Windows in the @n8n/computer-use package (sandboxing was applied only on macOS). Shell commands executed by the tool run without any filesystem or network rest…
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Medium 5.5
umijs umi GIT File Helper getFileGitIno.ts git.getFileCreateInfo os command injection
A weakness has been identified in umijs umi up to 4.6.63. The affected element is the function git.getFileCreateInfo of the file packages/utils/src/getFileGitIno.ts of the component GIT File Helper. This manipulation causes os command injection. The exploit h…
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Medium 5.3
jsforce SFDX Connection Registry sfdx.js _execCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in jsforce up to 3.10.16. This issue affects the function _execCommand in the library lib/registry/sfdx.js of the component SFDX Connection Registry. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can only be perform…
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Medium 5.0
QUSETIONS MiniCode-Python Project File config.py subprocess.Popen os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in QUSETIONS MiniCode-Python 0.1.0. This vulnerability affects the function subprocess.Popen of the file minicode/config.py of the component Project File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The at…
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Medium 5.6CVE-2026-46420 Public exploit
setup-php: Command Injection in Repository-Derived PHP Version Resolution
setup-php is a GitHub action to set up PHP with extensions, php.ini configuration, coverage drivers, and tools. From 2.25.0 prior to 2.37.1, shivammathur/setup-php resolves the PHP version from repository-controlled files such as .php-version, composer.lock t…
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Medium 5.4
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Engineering AI hub.
IBM Engineering AI Hub 1.0.0, 1.1.0, and 1.2.0 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary script code due to improper neutralization of input during web page generation.
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Medium 5.3
Claude Code Action: Malicious MCP Server Configuration in PRs Enables Remote Code Execution and Secret Exfiltration
Claude Code Action is a general-purpose GitHub action that runs Claude Code on GitHub pull requests and issues. Prior to 1.0.74, because the action checked out attacker-controlled pull request head branches, read .mcp.json from the working directory via defau…
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Medium 6.7
NocoBase backup restore schema name allows command injection
NocoBase is an AI-powered no-code/low-code platform for building business applications and enterprise solutions. Prior to 2.1.19, NocoBase @nocobase/plugin-backups restored PostgreSQL backups by interpolating the database.schema value from _metadata.json into…
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Medium 5.2
mk_sap_hana: Privilege escalation via crafted sapstartsrv process name
Privilege escalation in Checkmk versions 2.5.0 before 2.5.0p9, 2.4.0 before 2.4.0p34, 2.3.0 before 2.3.0p49, and 2.2.0 (EOL) allows a local unprivileged user to execute arbitrary commands as root by starting a process crafted to look like a SAP HANA instance.…
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Medium 5.3
louisho5 picobot exec Tool exec.go ExecTool.Execute os command injection
A vulnerability was found in louisho5 picobot up to 0.2.0. This issue affects the function ExecTool.Execute of the file internal/agent/tools/exec.go of the component exec Tool. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack requires a local appr…
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Medium 6.3
Shibby Tomato CIFS Mount sub_2D048 os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Shibby Tomato up to 1.28.0000. This affects the function sub_2D048 of the component CIFS Mount Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument cifs1/cifs2 can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotel…
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Medium 6.3
Shibby Tomato start_jffs2 sub_2D568 os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Shibby Tomato up to 1.28.0000. Affected by this issue is the function sub_2D568 of the component start_jffs2. Performing a manipulation of the argument jffs2_exec results in os command injection. Remote exploitation of t…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 adm.cgi wlink_uci_set_value os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 260515. This affects the function wlink_uci_set_value of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_ip results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotel…
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Medium 6.3
SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent Groovy Script GroovyScriptImpl.java evalIsFailed os command injection
A vulnerability was found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The impacted element is the function evalIsFailed of the file sonic-agent/src/main/java/org/cloud/sonic/agent/tests/script/GroovyScriptImpl.java of the component Groovy Script Handler. The ma…
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Medium 6.3
SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent Android WebSocket Server AndroidWSServer.java os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in SonicCloudOrg sonic-agent up to 2.7.2. The affected element is an unknown function of the file AndroidWSServer.java of the component Android WebSocket Server. The manipulation of the argument path leads to os command injectio…
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Medium 6.3
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Update system_ntp sub_41FBD0 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.11B03. This impacts the function sub_41FBD0 of the file /goform/system_ntp of the component Firmware Update Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Hostname results in os command injection. The att…
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Medium 6.3
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Update tools_ddns sub_42026C os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.11B03. This affects the function sub_42026C of the file /goform/tools_ddns of the component Firmware Update Handler. Such manipulation of the argument hostname/username/password leads to os command injec…
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Medium 6.3
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP DNS Lookup tools_nslookup sub_43F2C4 os command injection
A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.11B03. The impacted element is the function sub_43F2C4 of the file /goform/tools_nslookup of the component DNS Lookup Handler. This manipulation of the argument nslookup_target/dns_server causes os command inject…
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Medium 6.0
PAN-OS: Authenticated Command Injection in CLI
A command injection vulnerability in the management plane of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary OS commands as root. The security risk posed by this issue is significantly minimized when CLI access …
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Medium 5.3
AidanPark openclaw-android Android WebView Bridge JsBridge.kt os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in AidanPark openclaw-android up to 0.4.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file android/app/src/main/java/com/openclaw/android/JsBridge.kt of the component Android WebView Bridge. This manipulation causes os c…
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Medium 4.7
ToolJet GitHub Actions comment body shell injection exposes deployment secrets
ToolJet is an open-source low-code platform for building internal tools. Prior to 3.20.180, ToolJet's render preview deployment workflow interpolates github.event.comment.body directly into a bash conditional in a run step, allowing any GitHub user who can co…
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Medium 6.3
christopherthielen check-peer-dependencies peerDependencies packageUtils.js shelljs.exec os command injection
A flaw has been found in christopherthielen check-peer-dependencies up to 4.3.4. Affected by this vulnerability is the function shelljs.exec of the file dist/packageUtils.js of the component peerDependencies. This manipulation causes os command injection. The…
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Medium 4.5
Pillow: WindowsViewer.get_command() OS command injection via unescaped shell path
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 12.3.0, WindowsViewer.get_command() constructed a cmd.exe shell command by directly embedding a file path into an f-string without escaping and passed the result to subprocess.Popen(..., shell=True), allowing shell…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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Medium 6.5
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.7, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6, LTS2026 release version 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.10, LTS2025 …
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Medium 6.6
Coolify: Command Injection via Single-Quote Breakout in `executeInDocker()`
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.464, the executeInDocker() helper wraps commands in bash -c '{$command}' without escaping single quotes. User-controlled docker_compose_cus…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formStaDrvSetup os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. This vulnerability affects the function formStaDrvSetup of the file /goform/formStaDrvSetup of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument rootAPmac results in os command injecti…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formiNICbasic os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. The impacted element is the function formiNICbasic of the file /goform/formiNICbasic of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument rootAPmac results in os command injection. The…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formAccept os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. The affected element is the function formAccept of the file /goform/formAccept of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to os command injecti…
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Medium —
@cyclonedx/cdxgen: Maven project scanning may allow shell command injection through repository-controlled module paths
## Summary A command injection vulnerability existed in the Maven scanning flow of cdxgen before version 12.4.3. When cdxgen scanned an attacker-controlled Maven project, repository-controlled paths could be used in the Maven command construction. In affected…
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Medium 6.3
mise: Local credential_command executes untrusted config
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. From 2026.3.15 until 2026.6.4, mise loads github.credential_command from local project config before any trust decision, then executes that value with sh -c when resolving a GitHub token. An atta…
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Medium 5.7
Vim: Vimscript Code Injection in netrw NetrwLocalRmFile() via crafted filename
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0663, a Vimscript code injection vulnerability exists in s:NetrwLocalRmFile() in the netrw plugin (runtime/pack/dist/opt/netrw/autoload/netrw.vim) when deleting a local file from the browser. A fil…
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Tcpdump Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Tcpdump Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the options or filter parameters due to insufficient input sanitization in shell command construction.
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Finger Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Finger Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the user or host parameters due to insufficient input validation in shell command construction.
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect SQLmap Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect SQLmap Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the api_host or api_port parameters during connection configuration due to insufficient input validation.
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect RPM Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect RPM Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the repo, key, or name parameters due to insufficient input sanitization in shell command construction.