Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.3CVE-2026-54686 Public exploit
Warp: DCS lifecycle hook spoofing can alter terminal session metadata
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2021.04.25.23.05.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp accepted certain state-mutating terminal lifecycle hooks from the PTY stream without verifying that the hooks were emitted by Warp's shell i…
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Medium 5.0
Jenkins Git client Plugin has an OS command injection vulnerability on agents
Jenkins Git client Plugin 6.6.0 and earlier does not correctly escape the workspace directory name when it is embedded into a generated SSH wrapper script, allowing attackers able to control the name of a build's working directory to execute arbitrary operati…
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Medium 6.3
@rtk-ai/rtk-rewrite: OpenClaw Rewrite Plugin Command Injection via execSync Template String
@rtk-ai/rtk-rewrite transparently rewrites shell commands executed via OpenClaw's exec tool to their RTK equivalents. In 1.0.0, the @rtk-ai/rtk-rewrite OpenClaw plugin passes attacker-controlled input directly into a shell-backed execSync() template string wi…
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Medium 6.3
coollabsio coolify Image Name os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in coollabsio coolify 4.0.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Image Name Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The vendor was contacted early about thi…
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Medium 6.3
Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 API Endpoint mbox-config system os command injection
A flaw has been found in Comfast CF-WR631AX V3 up to 2.7.0.8. This issue affects the function system of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?section=ping_config of the component API Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument destination causes os command injection.…
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Medium 6.0
OpenStack Horizon RC file generation does not escape special characters in project names
OpenStack Horizon before 25.7.4 produces scripts for OpenStack RC file downloading that may have a crafted project name with shell metacharacters. NOTE: some parties consider this a security hardening opportunity to address certain types of user error, not a …
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Medium 4.3
OpenClaw < 2026.5.26 - Exec Allowlist Bypass via Transparent Command Wrappers
OpenClaw before 2026.5.26 contains an exec allowlist bypass vulnerability allowing authenticated operators to execute wrapper-level side effects outside allowlisted command intent. Attackers can craft command requests that bypass allowlist validation by lever…
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Medium 6.6
OpenClaw < 2026.5.12 - Exec Denylist Bypass in Bundle MCP Loopback Session Spawn
OpenClaw before 2026.5.12 contains an exec denylist bypass vulnerability in the bundle MCP loopback session-spawn path that allows authenticated callers to bypass intended command restrictions. Attackers can reach the affected bundled MCP session-spawn path t…
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Medium 6.5
@apostrophecms/cli: Command Injection in apos create via Unsanitized Password Input
ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system. Versions of the @apostrophecms/cli package up to and including 3.6.0 contain a command injection vulnerability in the apos create command. User-supplied input from the password prompt is embed…
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Medium 6.3
MariaDB: Argument injection in CONNECT REST Xcurl on Windows via unsanitized URL
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From versions 10.6.1 to before 10.6.26, 10.11.1 to before 10.11.17, 11.4.1 to before 11.4.11, 11.8.1 to before 11.8.7, and 12.3.1, MariaDB on WIndows with installed CONNECT engine and enabled REST …
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Medium 5.5
ImageMagick: Policy Bypass can read disallowed files
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-24, an incorrect parsing of the filename can result in a policy bypass and read files disallowed by a security policy using a …
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Medium 5.7CVE-2026-0273 Public exploit
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability via CLI or Web UI
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS …
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Medium 6.9
Fission builder accepts arbitrary buildcmd strings from Environment.spec.builder.command, allowing the builder pod to invoke arbitrary executables
Fission is an open-source, Kubernetes-native serverless framework that simplifies the deployment of functions and applications on Kubernetes. Prior to version 1.23.0, before the round-1 security sweep, pkg/builder/builder.go passed Environment.spec.builder.co…
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Medium 6.1
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnera…
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Medium 6.5
Improper neutralization of special elements in the built-in PAM provider password rotation templates in Devolutions Ser…
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Medium 6.3
vertex-app vertex Log Viewer Endpoint LogMod.js os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in vertex-app vertex up to 2026.02.12. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file app/model/LogMod.js of the component Log Viewer Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument req.query leads to os command injection. T…
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Medium 6.0
Arista Edge Threat Management NGFW UI Arbitrary Command Execution
An input validation command execution vulnerability exists in the browser management pipeline of Arista Edge Threat Management - Arista Next Generation Firewall (NGFW). Authenticated administrators can leverage this exposure to obtain underlying terminal scri…
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Medium 6.0
Arista Edge Threat Management NGFW Captive Portal Custom Handler Command Injection
A Captive Portal Custom Handler command injection vulnerability exists in Arista Edge Threat Management - Arista Next Generation Firewall (NGFW). On affected platforms, an administrative account logged into the user interface can exploit this input handling b…
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Medium 6.0
Arista Edge Threat Management NGFW Reports Application Insecure Input Validation
A Reports application infrastructure vulnerability exists in Arista Edge Threat Management - Arista Next Generation Firewall (NGFW) due to insecure input validation. This issue uniquely affects version 17.4.0; earlier software releases are not exposed.
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Medium 6.0
Arista Edge Threat Management NGFW Captive Portal Encrypted Password Command Injection
An encrypted password command injection vulnerability exists in the Captive Portal application framework of Arista Edge Threat Management - Arista Next Generation Firewall (NGFW). This issue uniquely affects version 17.4.0; earlier software releases are not e…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DWR-M920 formIMEISetup sub_412DA0 os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DWR-M920 up to 1.1.50. The impacted element is the function sub_412DA0 of the file /boafrm/formIMEISetup. This manipulation of the argument IMEI_value causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The explo…
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Medium 6.7
Networkmanager: networkmanager: local privilege escalation via malformed mud urls in dhclient backend
A flaw was found in NetworkManager. This local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in NetworkManager's dhclient backend when processing malformed Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) URLs. A local user can exploit this flaw to escalate privileges by tri…
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Medium 6.3
hiraishikentaro wezterm-mcp switch_pane/write_to_specific_pane wezterm_executor.ts os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in hiraishikentaro wezterm-mcp 0.1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file src/wezterm_executor.ts of the component switch_pane/write_to_specific_pane. The manipulation of the argument request.params.arguments…
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Medium 6.3
Arcane: OS Command Injection in Volume Browser ListDirectory via path query parameter
Arcane is an interface for managing Docker containers, images, networks, and volumes. In 1.18.1 and earlier, GET /environments/{id}/volumes/{volumeName}/browse accepts a path query parameter that is passed to a shell command (sh -c "find … | while …") inside …
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Medium 6.3
haojing8312 WorkClaw Blacklist bash.rs is_dangerous os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in haojing8312 WorkClaw up to 0.6.4. This affects the function is_dangerous of the file apps/runtime/src-tauri/src/agent/tools/bash.rs of the component Blacklist Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection…
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Medium 5.0
Vowpal Wabbit: Shell injection via crafted PR title in python_checks.yml allows arbitrary command execution on CI runner
Vowpal Wabbit is a machine learning system. The workflow .github/workflows/python_checks.yml embeds ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }} directly inside double-quoted bash strings in four separate steps across four jobs, each passing it as a CLI argument to…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9534 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setWiFiWpsConfig os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This affects the function setWiFiWpsConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument PIN can lead to os command injection. It is possible t…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9533 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi recvUpgradeNewFw os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. The impacted element is the function recvUpgradeNewFw of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument fwUrl/magicid results in os command…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9532 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setUploadUserData os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. The affected element is the function setUploadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Such manipulation of the argument FileName leads to os command…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9531 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setUpgradeUboot os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. Impacted is the function setUpgradeUboot of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. This manipulation of the argument FileName causes os command injection. The attack is po…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9515 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setUnloadUserData os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. The affected element is the function setUnloadUserData of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument plugin_version results in os command inject…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2026-9514 EPSS 10%
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setNetworkDiag os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. Impacted is the function setNetworkDiag of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument NetDiagHost/NetDiagPingNum/NetDiagPingSize/N…
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Medium 6.3
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi NTPSyncWithHost os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This issue affects the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument host_time can lead to os command injecti…
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Medium 6.3
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setPasswordCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This vulnerability affects the function setPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument admuser/admpass results in …
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Medium 6.3
Totolink CA750-PoE Setting cstecgi.cgi setWebWlanIdx os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink CA750-PoE 6.2c.510. This affects the function setWebWlanIdx of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component Setting Handler. Such manipulation of the argument webWlanIdx leads to os command injection. It is possibl…
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Medium 6.3
DTStack Taier REST API Runtime.exec os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in DTStack Taier 1.4.0. This affects the function Runtime.exec of the component REST API. The manipulation of the argument sqlText leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7438RPn Content-Type formWlanMP os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Edimax EW-7438RPn 1.31. The affected element is the function formWlanMP of the file /goform/formWlanMP of the component Content-Type Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument ateFunc/ateGain/ateTxCount/ateChan/ateRate…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7438RPn webs formWizSurvey os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Edimax EW-7438RPn up to 1.31. Affected is the function formWizSurvey of the file /goform/formWizSurvey of the component webs. The manipulation of the argument ip/mask/gateway leads to os command injection. It is possible to i…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7438RPn webs formWpsStart os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Edimax EW-7438RPn up to 1.31. The affected element is the function formWpsStart of the file /goform/formWpsStart of the component webs. This manipulation of the argument pinCode causes os command injection. Remote exploitatio…
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Medium 6.7
Shell injection via volume path
Insufficient sanitization of volume paths in Netatalk 3.1.0 through 4.4.2 allows a local privileged user to inject OS commands and execute arbitrary code via a crafted volume path.