Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
931 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 6.3
Cisco ThousandEyes BrowserBot Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the BrowserBot component of Cisco ThousandEyes Enterprise Agent could have allowed an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on Agents on behalf of the BrowserBot synthetics orchestration process. Cisco has addressed t…
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Medium 5.4
A command injection vulnerability exists in Panabit PAP-XM320 up to and including V7.7. The web management interface in…
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Medium 5.0
vercel ai PR Branch Name Interpolation prettier-on-automerge.yml run os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in vercel ai up to 3.0.97. Impacted is the function run of the file .github/workflows/prettier-on-automerge.yml of the component PR Branch Name Interpolation. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be ini…
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Medium 6.0
Fleet vulnerable to OS command injection in software packages
Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to version 4.81.0, a vulnerability in Fleet's software installer pipeline could allow a crafted software package to execute arbitrary commands as root (macOS/Linux) or SYSTEM (Windows) on managed endpoint…
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Medium 5.7
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability
Multiple command injection vulnerabilities in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enable an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the…
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Medium 6.5
BIG-IP iControl SOAP vulnerability
An authenticated attacker with the Resource Administrator or Administrator role can create SNMP configuration objects through iControl SOAP resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not …
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Medium 6.5
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet…
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Medium 6.1
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ("OS Command Injection") vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
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Medium 6.2
LobeHub: Cross-Site Scripting(XSS) escalate to Remote Code Execution(RCE)
LobeHub is a work-and-lifestyle space to find, build, and collaborate with agent teammates that grow with you. Prior to 2.1.48, when LobeChat processes custom tags in the Render process of src/features/Portal/Artifacts/Body/Renderer/index.tsx, if no type matc…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DNS-320 system_mgr.cgi cgi_merge_user os command injection
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. This impacts the function cgi_set_host/cgi_set_ntp/cgi_fan_control/cgi_merge_user of the file /cgi-bin/system_mgr.cgi. This manipulation causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the atta…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DNS-320 webfile_mgr.cgi chown os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. This affects the function delete/rename/copy/move/chmod/chown of the file /cgi-bin/webfile_mgr.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The e…
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DNS-320 network_mgr.cgi cgi_upnp_edit os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DNS-320 2.06B01. The impacted element is the function cgi_speed/cgi_dhcpd_lease/cgi_ddns/cgi_set_ip/cgi_upnp_del/cgi_dhcpd/cgi_upnp_add/cgi_upnp_edit of the file /cgi-bin/network_mgr.cgi. The manipulation leads to os c…
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Medium 4.7
Tenda AC6 httpd getLogFile get_log_file os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda AC6 15.03.06.23. Affected by this issue is the function get_log_file of the file /goform/getLogFile of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument wans.flag leads to os command injection. The attac…
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Medium 6.3
Tenda AC6 httpd WifiApScan formWifiApScan os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Tenda AC6 15.03.06.23. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWifiApScan of the file /goform/WifiApScan of the component httpd. Executing a manipulation of the argument wl2g.public.country/wl5g.public.country can …
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Medium 4.7
Tenda AC6 httpd WifiExtraSet fromSetWirelessRepeat os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda AC6 15.03.06.49_multi_TDE01. Affected is the function fromSetWirelessRepeat of the file /goform/WifiExtraSet of the component httpd. Performing a manipulation of the argument mac/ssid results in os command injectio…
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Medium 4.7
Tenda AC6 httpd telnet os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC6 2.0/15.03.06.23. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /goform/telnet of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument lan.ip leads to os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attac…
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Medium 6.5
GPT-Pilot contains a command injection vulnerability in the Executor.run() method
GPT-Pilot thru commit 0819827ce20346ef5f25b3fe29293cb448840565 (2025-09-03) contains a command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Executor.run() method. During project execution, when the system prompts the user to confirm or modify a command to be run, …
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Medium 5.5
8421bit MiniClaw System kernel.ts resolveSkillScriptPath os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in 8421bit MiniClaw 0.8.0/0.9.0. This issue affects the function resolveSkillScriptPath of the file src/kernel.ts of the component System Command Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The exploit is now public…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 login.cgi sys_login1 os command injection
A flaw has been found in Wavlink NU516U1 240425. The impacted element is the function sys_login1 of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Executing a manipulation of the argument ipaddr can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 wireless.cgi WifiBasic os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Wavlink NU516U1 240425. The affected element is the function WifiBasic of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument AuthMethod/EncrypType results in os command injection. Remote exploitation of t…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 wireless.cgi advance os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink NU516U1 240425. Impacted is the function advance of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument wlan_conf/Channel/skiplist/ieee_80211h leads to os command injection. The attack may be…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi wzdapMesh os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Wavlink NU516U1 240425. This issue affects the function wzdapMesh of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. This manipulation causes os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the p…
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Medium 6.3
Industrial Application Software IAS Canias ERP RMI Runtime.getRuntime.exec os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Industrial Application Software IAS Canias ERP 8.03. Impacted is the function Runtime.getRuntime.exec of the component RMI Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument troiaCode results in os command injection. T…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi wzdap os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. This vulnerability affects the function wzdap of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument EncrypType/wl_Pass is directly passed by the attacker/so we can control…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi wifi_region os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. This affects the function wifi_region of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument skiplist1/skiplist2 leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The …
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi wan os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected by this issue is the function wan of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. This manipulation of the argument ppp_username/ppp_passwd/rwan_ip/rwan_mask/rwan_gateway is directly passed by the attack…
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi wzdrepeater os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected by this vulnerability is the function wzdrepeater of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wlan_bssid/sel_Automode/sel_EncrypTyp results in os command injection. It is …
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Medium 6.3
Wavlink NU516U1 adm.cgi change_wifi_password os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Wavlink NU516U1 M16U1_V240425. Affected is the function change_wifi_password of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. The manipulation of the argument wl_channel/wl_Pass/EncrypType leads to os command injection. It is possible to initia…
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Medium 4.6CVE-2026-44656 Public exploit
Vim: OS Command Injection via 'path' completion
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0435, an OS command injection vulnerability exists in Vim's :find command-line completion. When the path option contains backtick-enclosed shell commands, those commands are executed during…
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Medium 4.4
Vim: OS Command Injection in netrw
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0383, an OS command injection vulnerability exists in the netrw standard plugin bundled with Vim. By inducing a user to open a crafted URL (e.g., using the sftp:// or file:// protocol handl…
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Medium 6.5
Nokia Broadcast Message Center (BMC) before 13.1 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to do OS command injection a…
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Medium 6.3
8421bit MiniClaw kernel.ts executeCognitivePulse os command injection
A vulnerability was found in 8421bit MiniClaw up to 223c16a1088e138838dcbd18cd65a37c35ac5a84. Affected is the function executeCognitivePulse of the file src/kernel.ts. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to initiate the a…
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Medium 6.3
privsim mcp-test-runner MCP index.ts child_process.spawn os command injection
A weakness has been identified in privsim mcp-test-runner 0.2.0. Impacted is the function child_process.spawn of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation of the argument command can lead to os command injection. The attac…
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Medium 6.3
r-huijts mcp-server-rijksmuseum MCP index.ts open_image_in_browser os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in r-huijts mcp-server-rijksmuseum up to 1.0.4. Affected is the function open_image_in_browser of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument imageUrl results in os comman…
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Medium 6.3
pskill9 website-downloader MCP index.ts download_website os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in pskill9 website-downloader up to 0.1.0. This affects the function download_website of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument outputPath results in os command injection. T…
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Medium 6.3
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Udpate diagnostic tools_diagnostic os command injection
A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP up to 1.12B01. The impacted element is the function tools_diagnostic of the file /tmp/diagnostic of the component Firmware Udpate. This manipulation causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is…
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Medium 5.5
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP tools_diagnostic os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP up to 1.12B01. The affected element is the function tools_diagnostic. The manipulation results in os command injection. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor explains: "That firmware version …
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Medium 6.3
ArtMin96 yii2-mcp-server MCP index.ts yii_execute_command os command injection
A flaw has been found in ArtMin96 yii2-mcp-server 1.0.2. This impacts the function yii_command_help/yii_execute_command of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can be execu…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.4.8 - Remote Code Execution via Build Tool Environment Variable Injection
OpenClaw before 2026.4.8 contains a remote code execution vulnerability caused by missing environment variable denylist entries for HGRCPATH, CARGO_BUILD_RUSTC_WRAPPER, RUSTC_WRAPPER, and MAKEFLAGS. Attackers can inject malicious build tool environment variab…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.4.8 - Git Environment Variable Injection via Unfiltered Exec Environment
OpenClaw before 2026.4.8 fails to remove git plumbing environment variables from the execution environment before host exec operations. Attackers can exploit this by setting GIT_DIR and related variables to redirect git operations and compromise repository in…