Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 7.8
Rpm: rpm: shell command injection via macro expansion of source/spec file basenames when installing a source rpm
A command injection flaw was found in rpm. Installing or rebuilding a source RPM whose source or spec file basenames contain a %() macro construct causes rpm to execute an attacker-controlled shell command via popen() while relocating the source file list. Th…
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High 7.8
Rpm: code execution via macro expansion of manifest entries in `rpmgi` (`-q -p` / verify manifest flows)
A flaw was found in rpm. An attacker can supply a crafted manifest file that, when processed by a user or automation using `rpm -q -p` or similar manifest-processing flows, leads to arbitrary code execution. This occurs because manifest entries are unexpected…
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High 7.3
PaperCut NG/MF: Remote Code Execution via Scan2Fax
An improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (path traversal) vulnerability in the Scan-to-Fax component of PaperCut NG and PaperCut MF allows an authenticated administrator to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying host via crafted fa…
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to OS command injection.
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper escaping of connector property values during OSH script generation.
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Critical 9.8
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Concert Software
IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 3.0.0 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker can supply specially crafted input that is incorporated into OS commands, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the underlying system. Successful exploitation allows remote code e…
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High 8.6
Insufficient input sanitization of shell metacharacters in Brocade SANnav before 3.0.1a
Insufficient input sanitization of shell metacharacters in the Brocade SANnav CLI scripting component permits authenticated users to break out of restricted execution contexts on managed switches. An attacker with command execution permissions can leverage th…
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Critical 9.4
OS command injection in Plesk allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with root privileges.
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High 8.8
OpenC3 COSMOS: Authenticated OS command injection via the `pypi_url` setting
OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems. From 5.12.0 until 7.3.0, an authenticated actor can write the pypi_url setting through set_setting at POST /openc3-api/api, then cause Open…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-93349 Public exploit
Frictionless OS Command Injection via explore Console Command
Frictionless before 5.19.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the explore console command that allows an attacker who supplies a crafted Data Package descriptor to execute arbitrary operating system commands as the user who explores it. Attacke…
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Critical 9.9
Remote Code Execution vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine OpManager MSP versions 12.8.709 and below were vulnerable to a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Notification Profile module.
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High 8.8
Command Injection vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine OpManager and Firewall Analyzer versions 12.8.709 and below were vulnerable to a Command Injection vulnerability in the Diagnose Settings feature.
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High 8.8
Changing｜CGServiSign - OS Command Injection
CGServiSign developed by Changing has a OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can induce victims to visit a malicious web page and inject arbitrary OS commands through the local service interface, resulting in command execution …
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Medium 6.1
MQTT WebSocket Command Execution Vulnerability in NitroSense
An unauthenticated local attacker can connect to the MQTT broker over its localhost WebSocket endpoint in Acer NitroSense software (versions up to and including 5.2.62). This allows the attacker to invoke exposed ddsc RPC functions, including child_process.ex…
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High 7.2
OpenEye Apex Network Video Recorder (NVR) firmware 3.2.9.376 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in recbacku…
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
-
High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
-
High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 px-runtime could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data has several vulnerabilities
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to OS command injection.
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High 7.2
Authenticated Remote Code Execution with Elevated Privileges Vulnerability in HPE Networking Analytics and Location Engine (ALE)
Vulnerabilities in the Analytics and Location Engine web interface allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operati…
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Medium 6.3
Moonshot AI Kimi Code MCP Configuration Loader config-loader.ts os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Moonshot AI Kimi Code up to 0.31.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file agent-core-v2/src/agent/mcp/config-loader.ts of the component MCP Configuration Loader. The manipulation results in os command i…
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Critical 9.8
Softaculous Virtualizor OS Command Injection via Billing Module Handler
Softaculous Virtualizor before 3.2.9 (Patch 9) and 3.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the billing module handler that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by bypassing authentication through specif…
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Medium 6.7
Notepad++: Shortcuts.xml macro HMAC bypass still reachable via the "Run a Macro Multiple Times" dialog
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.8, Notepad++ incompletely enforces shortcuts.xml HMAC validation because WM_MACRODLGRUNMACRO, the Run a Macro Multiple Times entry point, calls macroPlayback() without the validation used by…
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Medium 4.7
Nuclei: Arbitrary Command Execution via DAST Code Signature Bypass
Nuclei is a vulnerability scanner built on a simple YAML-based DSL. From 3.0.0 until 3.10.0, the DAST template loading branch does not apply the unsigned code-template signature check before accepting a template that contains both a fuzzing: block and an unsi…
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Critical 9.1
Lantronix Autonomous Out-of-Band Devices OS Command Injection via set script schedule
Lantronix SLC8000 before firmware v9.7.0.3, SLC9000 before firmware v9.7.0.2, EMG8500/EMG7500 before firmware v9.7.0.1, and all firmware versions of SLB882/SLCx-03/SLCx-02 contain a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with the …
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Critical 9.1
Lantronix Autonomous Out-of-Band Devices OS Command Injection via set nfs download
Lantronix SLC8000 before firmware v9.7.0.3, SLC9000 before firmware v9.7.0.2, EMG8500/EMG7500 before firmware v9.7.0.1, and all firmware versions of SLB882/SLCx-03/SLCx-02 contain a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with the …
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Critical 9.1
Lantronix Autonomous Out-of-Band Devices CLI Command Injection via set cifs password
Lantronix SLC8000/SLC9000 before firmware v9.7.0.2, EMG8500/EMG7500 before firmware v9.7.0.1, and all firmware versions of SLB882/SLCx-03/SLCx-02 contain a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with the services permission to exe…
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Critical 9.9
Lantronix Autonomous Out-of-Band Devices CLI Command Injection via mfc eeprom write
Lantronix SLC8000/SLC9000 before firmware v9.7.0.2, EMG8500/EMG7500 before firmware v9.7.0.1, and all firmware versions of SLB882/SLCx-03/SLCx-02 contain a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands…
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Critical 9.9
Lantronix Autonomous Out-of-Band Devices CLI Command Injection via mfc eeprom read
Lantronix SLC8000/SLC9000 before firmware v9.7.0.2, EMG8500/EMG7500 before firmware v9.7.0.1, and all firmware versions of SLB882/SLCx-03/SLCx-02 contain a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands…
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High 8.0
NVIDIA Infrastructure Controller for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause OS command injection.…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-95675 Public exploit
D-Link DAP-1360 6.14 Unauthenticated RCE via Web Management Interface
D-Link DAP-1360 firmware version 6.14 and earlier contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by sending crafted requests to the device's web management interface without v…
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Critical 9.8
Remote code execution vulnerability
Zohocorp ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus versions before build 7001 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the GINA client.
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-77521 Public exploit
MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command execution
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to version 2.10.5-lts, assistants with a tool, MCP tool, skill, or sub-application use SandboxShellBackend, which exposes an execute shell tool without excluding it and omits execute from interrupt_on…
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Critical 9.1
MaxKB AWS Bedrock model credential injection leads to remote code execution
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to 2.10.5-lts, authenticated workspace members can inject control characters into AWS Bedrock access_key_id and secret_access_key fields that _update_aws_credentials writes to /root/.aws/credentials w…
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High 8.8
luci-app-advanced-reboot read ACL exposes /bin/sh through file.exec, allowing delegated users to run commands as root
luci-app-advanced-reboot is a LuCI (web interface) application for OpenWrt that provides a way to reboot your router into an alternative firmware partition or perform reboot operations directly from the web UI. Prior to 1.1.2-6, the luci-app-advanced-reboot r…
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High 8.8
KubeEdge: ConfigUpdateJob updateFields enables remote shell injection and code execution on edge nodes
KubeEdge is an open source system for extending native containerized application orchestration capabilities to hosts at Edge. From 1.21.0 until 1.21.2, 1.22.2, and 1.23.1, ConfigUpdateJob processing in edge/pkg/taskmanager/actions/configupdatejob.go concatena…
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Critical 9.8
Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail versions before 2.602 for Perl allow arbitrary command execution on Windows sending a message whose envelope address reaches the shell in _sendmail_pipe
Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail versions before 2.602 for Perl allow arbitrary command execution on Windows sending a message whose envelope address reaches the shell in _sendmail_pipe. On MSWin32 the envelope sender and every recipient go into a single co…