Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,315 results · Feed
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High 8.8
ntopng: authenticated (non-admin) OS command injection via the vulnerability-scan `scan_ports` parameter (`nmap` argument reaches `popen`)
ntopng is a web-based network traffic monitoring application. Prior to 6.7.260717, scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua and scripts/lua/rest/v2/exec/host/schedule_vulnerability_scan.lua accept scan_ports from any authenticated session, including non-admin…
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High 7.3
agentscope-ai AgentScope MCP Workspace API _config.py subprocess.Popen os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in agentscope-ai AgentScope up to 2.0.11. The impacted element is the function subprocess.Popen of the file src/agentscope/mcp/_config.py of the component MCP Workspace API. The manipulation of the argument command results in os c…
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High 8.8
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in SHIRASAGI, which may allow an authenticated attacker to execute arbitra…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-123025 Public exploit
An OS Command Injection vulnerability was discovered in the Google Cloud DNS validation module of the OPNsense os-acme-…
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Medium 6.3
Purocean Yank Note Terminal index.ts checkPermission os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Purocean Yank Note 3.93.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function checkPermission of the file src/main/server/index.ts of the component Terminal Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can…
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High 8.5
radare2: Remote code execution when loading Pebble/SMD binary
radare2 is a UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset. Prior to 6.2.2, attacker-controlled data from several binary format plugins could reach RBinInfo->bclass. Opening or analyzing a crafted Pebble or Sega Mega Drive binary could plac…
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High 7.5
tsParticles: Generated release notes can execute shell commands in the stable publish workflow
tsParticles is a TypeScript library for creating highly customizable particle animations. From 4.0.0 until 4.3.2, the stable publish workflow interpolates steps.release.outputs.body directly into an echo command in Bash source before writing RAW_RELEASE.md. C…
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Low 3.1
nvm evaluates a malicious mirror's index.tab version strings as shell arithmetic via stored LTS aliases
Node Version Manager (nvm) is a POSIX-compliant shell function for managing multiple node.js versions. In versions 0.39.6 through 0.40.8, `nvm ls-remote` (and other commands that refresh remote LTS aliases) store the version column of the mirror's `index.tab`…
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Critical 10.0
Linksys E5350 apply.cgi system os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Linksys E5350 1.0.00.037. This affects the function system of the file /wizard/apply.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument ping_ip/traceroute_ip results in os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. Th…
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Critical 9.1
Linksys WRT54GL Traceroute Diagnostic Function apply.cgi system os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Linksys WRT54GL 4.30.18. The impacted element is the function system of the file apply.cgi of the component Traceroute Diagnostic Function. Such manipulation of the argument traceroute_ip leads to os command injec…
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Critical 9.1
Linksys WRT54GL Ping Diagnostic apply.cgi system os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Linksys WRT54GL 4.30.18. The affected element is the function system of the file apply.cgi of the component Ping Diagnostic. This manipulation of the argument ping_ip causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated r…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-77690 EPSS 16%
Command injection vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine Key Manager Plus versions before 7151 were vulnerable to a Command Injection vulnerability that allowed authenticated users with certificate deployment privileges to execute arbitrary commands through specially crafted input when configu…
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High 7.3
Qihoo 360 D603-2/D600-2/D606-6 Timezone Push iscm on_push_message os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Qihoo 360 D603-2, D600-2 and D606-6 up to 6.3.2. This vulnerability affects the function on_push_message of the file /fs2/bin/iscm of the component Timezone Push Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument tz can lead t…
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Critical 10.0
Qihoo 360 D603-2/D600-2/D606-6/D706 iscm testspeed_command os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Qihoo 360 D603-2, D600-2, D606-6 and D706 up to 6.4.9. This affects the function testspeed_command of the file /fs2/bin/iscm. Performing a manipulation of the argument host results in os command injection. The attack may be initia…
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High 7.5
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
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High 7.5
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Threat Response.
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High 7.3
Authenticated OS Command Injection in Archer AX3000 v2 Offline Download Component
An authenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the Offline Download component (USB storage allocation) of Archer AX3000 v2. When a USB storage device is attached, an authenticated administrator can submit a crafted path value containing shell m…
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High 8.8
Github.com/argoproj-labs/argocd-image-updater: argocd-image-updater: arbitrary command execution via crafted ssh repository proxy configuration
A command injection vulnerability was found in Argo CD Image Updater, where a proxy URL configured on an SSH Git repository is passed unsanitized into a shell-interpreted SSH command. An attacker able to set a malicious proxy value can inject shell metacharac…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-54161 Public exploit
upsmon: remote OS command injection (RCE) via attacker-controlled ups.alarm in NOTIFYCMD execution
Network UPS Tools is a collection of programs which provide a common interface for monitoring and administering UPS, PDU and SCD hardware. From 2.8.3 to 2.8.5, upsmon in clients/upsmon.c inserts the server-supplied ups.alarm value into shell commands executed…
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High 7.8
nnn through 5.3 OS Command Injection via togglex Plugin
Jarun nnn through 5.3 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in plugins/togglex that allows attackers to execute commands via crafted filenames. Attackers can place files whose names contain a double quote and shell syntax, which xargs -I splices into…
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High 8.8
AzuraCast through 0.23.8 Command Injection via StereoTool Liquidsoap pipe()
AzuraCast through 0.23.8 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows station users with Profile permission to execute OS commands via StereoTool settings. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters into stereo_tool_configuration_path or stereo_tool_…
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High 7.2
Nagios XI < 2026R2 OS Command Injection via mibs.php
Nagios XI before 2026R2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the MIB upload feature where the install_mib() function in mibs.php sanitizes uploaded filenames with an incomplete character-substitution filter that omits semicolons, pipes, and non-s…
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High 8.1
Command injection vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine Key Manager Plus versions before 7151 allow authenticated users to enter malicious input when configuring a Microsoft CA
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High 7.2
Command Injection in Digital I/O
Improper input validation in the Digital I/O function may allow a remote attacker with high privileges to inject operating system commands and execute them with root privileges.
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High 7.2
Command Injection in Management Control Functions
Improper input validation in management control functions may allow a remote attacker with high privileges to inject operating system commands and execute them with root privileges.
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Critical 9.8
An issue in im3x Scriptables through v2-dev branch allows attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands via uploading a fil…
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High 8.7
Temporal Server Kubernetes compute provider builds a client from caller-supplied configuration and runs a caller-chosen command on the Worker Service host
Temporal Server compiles a Worker Controller Instance module, go.temporal.io/auto-scaled-workers, into its Worker Service, and that module registers a compute provider named k8s whose function is to manage workers running in a Kubernetes cluster. The k8s prov…
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Medium 6.7
Konflux-ci: unquoted variable expansion in shell command execution
A flaw was found in konflux-ci. This vulnerability allows arbitrary code execution due to improper quoting of shell variables in deployment scripts. A local attacker who can supply arguments to the affected scripts could exploit this issue to trigger unintend…
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High 7.8
Amlogic pppoe_wrapper Command Injection via AF_UNIX Socket
The pppoe_wrapper vendor daemon from the Amlogic Android SDK, as shipped on Nexbox A95X (Amlogic S905/S905X) TV boxes, contains a command injection vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by sending crafted messages to …
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High 7.8
Control Web Panel (CWP) < 1.29 OS Command Injection via valid_token
Control Web Panel (CWP) before webpanel_version 1.29 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the loopback API /valid_token/ route that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by injecting shell metacharacters into the …
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High 7.8
Control Web Panel (CWP) < 1.16 OS Command Injection via /newpass/
Control Web Panel (CWP) before webpanel_version 1.16 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the loopback API password change route /newpass/, which runs as root. An attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands by manipulating the POST 'user' parameter…
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High 7.8
Control Web Panel (CWP) < 1.29 OS Command Injection via restoredatabase API
Control Web Panel (CWP) before webpanel_version 1.29 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the loopback API database restore route /v1/restoredatabase/, where the restoreDBBackup() handler passes an attacker-controlled file path from the POST body…
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High 8.8
Control Web Panel (CWP) < 1.16 OS Command Injection via protected_directory
Control Web Panel (CWP) before webpanel_version 1.16 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the protected_directory user panel module that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by submitting unescaped input through the file POST parameter …
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High 8.8
Control Web Panel (CWP) < 1.16 File Write and Command Injection via phpini_editor
Control Web Panel (CWP) before webpanel_version 1.16 contains an arbitrary file write and OS command injection vulnerability in the phpini_editor user panel module that allows attackers with access to the module to write attacker-controlled content to arbitra…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-111560 Exploited
OS Command Injection in Barracuda Appliances
Improper neutralization of shell metacharacters in the timezone configuration field in certain Barracuda appliance products using common Barracuda code allows an authenticated administrator to inject OS commands that execute with root privileges when the craf…
KEV Nov 10, 2026 -
High 8.0
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an…
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High 8.7
Remote Code Execution
Zohocorp ManageEngine Eventlog Analyzer and ManageEngine Log360 versions before 13062 are vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution in Log Forward option.
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High 8.8
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Zohocorp ManageEngine Password Manager Pro versions before 13236 and PAM360 versions before 8601 are vulnerable to an authenticated Remote Code Execution vulnerability.
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN551X3-A DNS Resolution ioos sub_41a430 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in WAVLINK WN551X3-A M51X3_V251020-WO-182e965. This impacts the function sub_41a430 of the file /bin/ioos of the component DNS Resolution Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument data results in os command injection. It is …
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Critical 10.0
WAVLINK WN551X3-A WireGuard CLI Group ioos system os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in WAVLINK WN551X3-A M51X3_V251020-WO-182e965. This affects the function system of the file /bin/ioos of the component WireGuard CLI Group Handler. Such manipulation of the argument group_name leads to os command injection. The …