Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 8.8
JAIOTlink C492A-W6 4.8.30.57701411 OS Command Injection via SetMAC Endpoint
JAIOTlink C492A-W6 Wi-Fi IP cameras running firmware 4.8.30.57701411 contain an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by supplying a malicious Wireless parameter to the HTTP PUT NetSDK/Factory …
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High 7.2
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in SkyBridge MB…
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Critical 10.0
OS Command Injection in StoneFly Storage Concentrator
Storage Concentrator (SC & SCVM) contains a command injection vulnerability in the ms_service.pl service, which listens on TCP port 9000 by default and accepts custom network packets to perform device actions. An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a spe…
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Critical 10.0
OS Command Injection in StoneFly Storage Concentrator
Storage Concentrator (SC & SCVM) contains a command injection vulnerability within the debug.pl script that is reachable without authentication. A remote attacker can submit a specially crafted HTTP request containing a malicious payload that is processed wit…
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Critical 9.8
Grav - Multiple Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities via Unsafe Unserialize and Command Injection
Grav CMS before 2.0.0-beta.2 contains multiple code-execution vulnerabilities. Three unsafe unserialize() calls - in Scheduler\JobQueue, Framework\Cache\Adapter\FileCache, and Session - deserialize untrusted data without restricting allowed classes, enabling …
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated RCE via command injection in CA certificate management feature
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.464, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the CA Certificate management feature allows any authenticated user to execute arb…
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Medium 6.6
Coolify: Command Injection via Single-Quote Breakout in `executeInDocker()`
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.464, the executeInDocker() helper wraps commands in bash -c '{$command}' without escaping single quotes. User-controlled docker_compose_cus…
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High 7.8
RPG MAKER MV and MZ provided by Gotcha Gotcha Games Inc. contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If a user loads…
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High 7.2
DGM3103SCT provided by AVTECH Security Corporation contains an OS command injection vulnerability, which may lead to ar…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Destination Network Management
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Destination Network Management functionality allows users with destination man…
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High 8.8
Coolify: Authenticated Host RCE
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.470, a critical Authenticated Host Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in Coolify. The flaw resides in the handling of…
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High 8.8
luci-proto-openvpn - Command Injection via cl_meta Parameter in generateKey
luci-proto-openvpn through 0.11.1, fixed in commit e4ff45e, contains a command injection vulnerability in the generateKey ubus method where the cl_meta parameter is interpolated into a shell command without proper escaping or quoting. An authenticated LuCI us…
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High 8.8
luci-app-tailscale-community - Command Injection via tailscale.do_login RPC
luci-app-tailscale-community contains a command injection vulnerability in the tailscale.do_login RPC method that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands as root. The vulnerability exists because user-controlled loginserver and loginserver_au…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formStaDrvSetup os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. This vulnerability affects the function formStaDrvSetup of the file /goform/formStaDrvSetup of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument rootAPmac results in os command injecti…
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High 7.7
Claude Code: Sandbox Escape via Git Worktree Path Confusion Allows Unsandboxed Code Execution
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. From 2.1.38 until 2.1.163, Claude Code's worktree handling allowed creation of worktrees named ".git" and navigation to worktrees outside the sandbox context, enabling git directory confusion attacks. By exploiting symli…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formiNICbasic os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. The impacted element is the function formiNICbasic of the file /goform/formiNICbasic of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument rootAPmac results in os command injection. The…
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Medium 6.3
Edimax EW-7478APC POST Request formAccept os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Edimax EW-7478APC 1.04. The affected element is the function formAccept of the file /goform/formAccept of the component POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to os command injecti…
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High 8.8
D-Link DCS-935L POST Parameter setconf.cgi sub_400E40 os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DCS-935L 1.10.01. This affects the function sub_400E40 of the file setconf.cgi of the component POST Parameter Handler. Such manipulation of the argument UID leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched re…
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High 7.2
H.VIEW HV-500S6 IP Camera OS Command Injection
A vulnerability exists in H.View IP cameras that could allow an authenticated user to supply unsanitized XML fields to the device's certificate generation interface, which are incorporated into a backend certificate creation command without proper input valid…
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Critical 10.0
Kestra: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Authentication Bypass in `AuthenticationFilter`
Kestra is an open-source, event-driven orchestration platform. Prior to 1.0.45 and 1.3.21, AuthenticationFilter in Kestra OSS uses request.getPath().endsWith("/configs") to whitelist the public configuration endpoint from Basic Auth. Because the check is a su…
KEV Sep 2, 2026 -
High 7.8CVE-2026-48778 Public exploit
Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via config.xml commandLineInterpreter
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.1, the <GUIConfig name="commandLineInterpreter"> tag in config.xml is read by NppXml::value() (Parameters.cpp:6430) and stored in _nppGUI._commandLineInterpreter without any validation, wh…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-48800 Public exploit
Notepad++: Arbitrary Code Execution via shortcuts.xml UserCommand Injection
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.6.1, the <Command> tag text content inside <UserDefinedCommands> in shortcuts.xml is read by NppXml::value(aNode) (Parameters.cpp:3658) in the feedUserCmds() function and stored in UserComma…
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High 8.8
Cudy LT300 3.0 OS Command Injection via NTP Configuration
Cudy LT300 3.0 running firmware prior to version 2.5.12 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting shell metacharacters into the cbid.system.ntp.current POST parameter in the s…
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Medium —
@cyclonedx/cdxgen: Maven project scanning may allow shell command injection through repository-controlled module paths
## Summary A command injection vulnerability existed in the Maven scanning flow of cdxgen before version 12.4.3. When cdxgen scanned an attacker-controlled Maven project, repository-controlled paths could be used in the Maven command construction. In affected…
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High 8.6
mise: Arbitrary command execution via task-include files in an untrusted, config-less repository
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. Prior to 2026.6.4, mise's trust feature gates config files (mise.toml, .tool-versions) through trust_check, but task-include files are loaded on a path that never reaches it. When a directory has…
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Medium 6.3
mise: Local credential_command executes untrusted config
mise manages dev tools like node, python, cmake, and terraform. From 2026.3.15 until 2026.6.4, mise loads github.credential_command from local project config before any trust decision, then executes that value with sh -c when resolving a GitHub token. An atta…
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Critical 9.0
Dokku: OS Command Injection via app.json managed Cron
Dokku is a docker-powered PaaS. Prior to 0.38.7, the cron plugin utilizes commands in the app.json file to manage system cron running as the Dokku user. An app.json cron command utilizing special shell characters - including, but not limited to, > or ; - can …
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Critical 9.0
Dokku: OS Command Injection via App Name in Git Pre-Receive Hook
Dokku is a docker-powered PaaS. Prior to 0.38.2, the app name validation regex (^[a-z0-9][^/:_A-Z]*$) permits shell metacharacters. When an authenticated user pushes to a git remote with a crafted app name, the name is embedded unquoted into a bash pre-receiv…
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High 8.0
Dell Dell Container Storage Modules, version(s) csi-powerstore v2.16.0, csi-unity v2.16.0, csi-powerflex v2.16.0, csi-p…
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Critical 9.8
Flowise - Unsandboxed Remote Code Execution via Custom MCP
Flowise before 3.0.6 (affected versions 2.2.7-patch.1 and earlier) contains an unsandboxed remote code execution vulnerability in the Custom MCP feature, which is designed to execute OS commands such as launching local MCP servers. Because Flowise's authentic…
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High 7.8
Glances: Command Injection via KVM/QEMU VM Domain Names in glances/plugins/vms/engines/virsh.py
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.5, the Glances KVM/QEMU monitoring engine (glances/plugins/vms/engines/virsh.py) passes VM domain names, read directly from virsh list --all output, into f-string command templates …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2026-54088 Public exploit
File Browser: Command Injection via Authentication Hook Shell Substitution (Pre-Authentication RCE)
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. Prior to 2.63.6, the Hook Authentication feature in File Browser allows administrators to delegate login verification to a…
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High 7.5
pnpm: Repository-controlled configDependencies can select a pacquet native install engine
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.2 and 11.5.3, pnpm can install configDependencies declared in pnpm-workspace.yaml before command dispatch. Before the patch, a repository could declare pacquet or @pnpm/pacquet as a config dependency and pnpm treated …
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Medium 5.7
Vim: Vimscript Code Injection in netrw NetrwLocalRmFile() via crafted filename
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0663, a Vimscript code injection vulnerability exists in s:NetrwLocalRmFile() in the netrw plugin (runtime/pack/dist/opt/netrw/autoload/netrw.vim) when deleting a local file from the browser. A fil…
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High 8.6
CWE-78 Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists that coul…
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High 7.8
Dell Display and Peripheral Manager (DDPM Mac), versions prior to 2.3, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special El…
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Tcpdump Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Tcpdump Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the options or filter parameters due to insufficient input sanitization in shell command construction.
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Traceroute Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the traceroute action of Rapid7 InsightConnect Traceroute Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the host, port, max_ttl, count, or time_out request parameters due to insufficient inp…
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High 7.7
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect AWK Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in the process_string action of Rapid7 InsightConnect AWK Plugin on Linux allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the text or expression parameters due to unsafe shell command construction in the process…
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Medium 6.0
OS Command Injection in Rapid7 InsightConnect Finger Plugin
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Finger Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the user or host parameters due to insufficient input validation in shell command construction.