Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,315 results · Feed
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High 7.2
Authenticated RCE in update functionality in Guardian/CMC before 26.4.0
Two OS command injection vulnerabilities were discovered in the update installation functionality due to insufficient validation of the update bundle contents. An attacker with administrative privileges can remotely supply a crafted update bundle that, when i…
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High 7.0
nvm_ls lets an untrusted version string inject sed commands, executing arbitrary commands with GNU sed
Node Version Manager (nvm) is a POSIX-compliant shell function for managing multiple node.js versions. In versions 0.31.2 through 0.40.5, `nvm_ls` filters installed versions with a sed program that embeds the requested version pattern in a `\#...#` address, e…
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Critical 9.4
Unrestricted Command Execution via system.execute
In openEQUELLA before 2026.1, the system.execute() function available to the scripting engine runs supplied operating system commands without validation or an allow-list of permitted executables. A user able to create or edit scripts can use it to execute arb…
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Critical 10.0
AVideo-Encoder: unauthenticated command execution through streamer login trust
AVideo is a video-sharing Platform. Prior to 8.1.0, the live-streaming endpoint `view/videosListToLive.php` accepts an attacker-named streamer in `webSiteRootURL`, calls `Login::run` in `objects/Login.php`, and trusts the returned JSON as session state. An un…
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High 7.2
Volmarg Personal Management System through 2.1.0 OS Command Injection via Storage Folder Path
Volmarg Personal Management System through 2.1.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to execute shell commands via unescaped folder paths in the storage module's tree command. Attackers can create a directory under u…
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High 7.0
CherryTree through 1.7.2 OS Command Injection via Custom Web Link Action
CherryTree through 1.7.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in CtActions::link_clicked that allows attackers to execute commands by embedding shell metacharacters in web link URLs. When the non-default Custom Web Link Clicked Action option is enab…
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High 8.8
Remote Code Execution via BPMN System REST APIs in Multiple WSO2 Products Permits Arbitrary Command Execution
The BPMN System REST APIs do not sufficiently validate input parameters, allowing authenticated users to submit crafted requests that can lead to the execution of arbitrary commands on the server. An authenticated user can leverage this vulnerability to execu…
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High 7.8
Ultralytics torch_safe_load Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Ultralytics torch_safe_load Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ultralytics. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in tha…
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Medium 6.8
Alpine iLX-F511 diagapp Command Injection Vulnerability
Alpine iLX-F511 diagapp Command Injection Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Alpine iLX-F511 devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The s…
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High 8.8
Session Smart Router and Session Smart Conductor: Improper validation of a field causes privilege escalation when updating the YANG configuration
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in AccessManager in Juniper Networks Session Smart Router and Session Smart Conductor allows an attacker with config-write privileges to achieve arbitr…
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Critical 9.8
Session Smart Conductor: An unauthenticated attacker causes arbitrary command execution during key management.
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability in the AutomatedProvisioner in Juniper Networks Session Smart Conductor allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root via a specially crafted salt minion ID.
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High 8.8
Session Smart Router and Session Smart Conductor: Unvalidated input causes arbitrary file deletion and command execution when deleting audit rules
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in AccessManager in Juniper Networks Session Smart Router and Session Smart Conductor allows an attacker to perform arbitrary file deletion and arbitra…
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High 8.8
FOG: Authenticated low-privileged API user can modify Storage Nodes and reach root command execution
FOG is a free open-source cloning/imaging/rescue suite/inventory management system. Prior to 1.5.10.2253 and 1.6.0-RC-1, an authenticated API-enabled user with uType=1 who possesses both the user's API token and the global FOG API token can use PUT /fog/stora…
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Critical 9.6CVE-2026-115904 Public exploit
Topluyo Desktop for Linux has an OS Command Injection issue
Topluyo is a social networking platform. A vulnerability exists in Topluyo Desktop for Linux prior to version 2026.9.2410 where user-controlled URLs are unsafely processed, leading to OS Command Injection via the `openExternalLinks()` routine in `utils.js`. A…
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Critical 9.1
HCL BigFix AEX is affected by multiple security vulnerabilities.
HCL BigFix AEX is affected by a Remote Code Execution Vulnerability . It may allow attackers to execute code with the privileges of the affected application or service, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data exposure, or system compromise.
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Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Command Injection via kubeconfig Username in che-machine-exec
The che-machine-exec service constructs a shell command by concatenating user-controlled input (the username and namespace fields from the /exec/init and /exec/config JSON endpoints) into a double-quoted sh -c "echo "..." > ..." invocation without any escapin…
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Critical 9.8
KaliFast Project Management Platform ei_git_repo_url OS Command Injection
The ei_git_repo_url parameter in the Git remote configuration endpoint of KaliFast is vulnerable to OS Command Injection. This OS Command Injection vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker (free registration available) to execute arbitrary commands on t…
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain Management Center, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions…
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain Virtual Edition, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7…
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High 8.8
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through …
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High 7.2
Linksys WAG200G through 1.01.06 OS Command Injection via timer_interval in setup.cgi
Linksys WAG200G through 1.01.06 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute commands by injecting backtick-delimited input into the timer_interval parameter. Attackers can send a crafted POST request to setup.…
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High 8.8
Sunhillo SureLine OS Command Injection via networkDiag.cgi
Sunhillo SureLine before 9.1.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the networkDiag.cgi endpoint that allows an authenticated remote attacker with any web account to execute arbitrary commands as root by injecting shell metacharacters into the ip…
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Medium 6.9
Command Injection in tmpServer Allows Local Privilege Escalation in TP-Link RE305
An operating-system command injection vulnerability exists in the tmpServer service of TP-Link RE305 V3. The service runs with root privileges and listens on the local loopback interface. A local attacker with access to a low-privileged process on the device …
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High 8.7
Improper Authentication in TP-Link TDDP v2 Allows Root Command Execution in TP-Link RE305
An authentication weakness exists in the TP-Link TDDP v2 service of TP-Link RE305 V3. TDDP v2 uses a fixed and derivable cryptographic key, which may allow an unauthenticated attacker on the same local network to forge protocol packets and access privileged T…
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High 8.8
Atlantis: OS command injection through PR-controlled Terraform workspace enables RCE during plan
Atlantis is a self-hosted golang application that listens for Terraform pull request events via webhooks. From version 0.4.0 until 0.47.1, Atlantis passes the pull-request-controlled workspace value from atlantis.yaml into Terraform command arguments that are…
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Critical 9.9
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker…
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High 7.3
desmondmorris node-tesseract Command Builder tesseract.js process os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in desmondmorris node-tesseract up to 0.2.7. Affected by this issue is the function process of the file lib/tesseract.js of the component Command Builder. Such manipulation of the argument image leads to os command injection. Th…
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High 7.8
hagent through commit 761eec6 OS Command Injection via Arduino and ESP32 MCP Tools
hagent through commit 761eec6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows MCP clients to execute shell commands by injecting metacharacters into the args parameter of the hagent_arduino and hagent_esp32 tools. Attackers or prompt-injected agent…
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High 7.0
mcp-ffmpeg through 1.0.5 OS Command Injection via videoPath and outputDir
mcp-ffmpeg through 1.0.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to run shell commands by supplying crafted videoPath or outputDir values to the resize-video, extract-audio and get-video-info tools. Attackers can embed $(), backti…
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High 7.8
Kali-GPT through commit a608c74 OS Command Injection via MCP Scanner Tool Parameters
Kali-GPT through commit a608c74 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in execute_tool() in kali_gpt/tools/mcp_server.py that allows MCP clients to run commands via unsanitized scanner parameters. Attackers or prompt-injected agents can embed shell me…
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High 7.8
esp-mcp through commit 28afddf OS Command Injection via MCP Tool Parameters
esp-mcp through commit 28afddf contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to run arbitrary commands by supplying shell metacharacters in MCP tool parameters. Attackers influencing agent tool calls through prompt injection can inject …
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High 7.8CVE-2026-117561 Public exploit
sf-mcp through 1.3.2 OS Command Injection via Salesforce CLI Flag Values
Codefriar sf-mcp through 1.3.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying crafted Salesforce CLI tool flag values. Because escapeValue() in src/utils.ts fails to neutralize backticks, $() substi…
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High 7.8
ATXP Gemini CLI Extension through 1.0.0 OS Command Injection via MCP Tools
ATXP Gemini CLI extension through 1.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in runAtxp() that allows attackers to execute shell commands through unsanitized MCP tool parameters. Attackers can plant instructions in email or SMS content to inject $()…
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High 7.8
DroidMind through 0.4.0 Command Injection via Shell Allowlist Bypass
DroidMind through 0.4.0 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows MCP clients to bypass the shell command allowlist by using $(...) or backtick substitution. Attackers, including prompt-injected agents, can inject commands through parameters inte…
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High 7.8
ai-sdlc MCP Server through 0.31.2 Command Injection via check_issue and check_pr_status
The ai-sdlc plugin MCP server through 0.31.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying shell metacharacters in the repo argument. The unvalidated repo value is interpolated into gh issue view or gh p…
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High 7.7
An OS command vulnerability exists in CoreTec product that allows authenticated users with certain roles to execute arb…
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Medium 5.5
iofogctl command injection via Controller provisioning response
In Eclipse ioFog iofogctl versions 1.0.0 through 3.7.0 and 3.8.0-rc.1 through 3.9.1, the provisioning key and CA certificate returned by the Controller API are concatenated into shell commands (`edgelet provision` and `edgelet config cert` on supported releas…