Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 8.8
SiYuan Desktop Notification XSS Leads to Electron RCE
SiYuan is an open-source personal knowledge management system. Prior to 3.6.5, SiYuan desktop renders notification messages as raw HTML inside an Electron renderer. The notification route POST /api/notification/pushMsg accepts a user-controlled msg value, for…
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Medium 6.6
Vim: Command injection via backtick expansion in tag filenames
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0357, A command injection vulnerability exists in Vim's tag file processing. When resolving a tag, the filename field from the tags file is passed through wildcard expansion to resolve environment …
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High 7.4
Roxy-WI Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via OS Command Injection in find-in-config Endpoint
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. Prior to version 8.2.6.4, the /config/ < service > /find-in-config endpoint in Roxy-WI fails to sanitize the user-supplied words parameter before embedding it into a shell …
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Critical 9.8
radare2-mcp <=1.6.0 OS Command Injection via Shell Metacharacter Bypass
radare2-mcp version 1.6.0 and earlier contains an os command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by bypassing the command filter through shell metacharacters in user-controlled input passed to r2_cmd_str(). Attac…
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High 8.9
elFinder: Command injection in resize background color parameter when using ImageMagick CLI
elFinder is an open-source file manager for web, written in JavaScript using jQuery UI. Prior to 2.1.67, elFinder contains a command injection vulnerability in the resize command. The bg (background color) parameter is accepted from user input and passed thro…
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High 8.8
Paperclip: Privilege Escalation via Agent-Controlled workspaceStrategy.provisionCommand Leading to OS Command Execution
Paperclip is a Node.js server and React UI that orchestrates a team of AI agents to run a business. Versions of @paperclipai/server prior to 2026.416.0 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows an attacker with an Agent API key to execute arbit…
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Critical 9.2
RClone: Unauthenticated operations/fsinfo allows attacker-controlled backend instantiation and local command execution
Rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Starting in version 1.48.0 and prior to version 1.73.5, the RC endpoint `operations/fsinfo` is exposed without `AuthRequired: true` and accepts attac…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered in ToToLink A3300R firmware v17.0.0cu.557_B20221024 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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High 7.3
TSSC/IMC is vulnerable to OS Command Injection
IBM Total Storage Service Console (TSSC) / TS4500 IMC 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6 TSSC/IMC could allow an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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High 7.8
radare2 < 6.1.4 Command Injection via PDB Parser Symbol Names
radare2 prior to 6.1.4 contains a command injection vulnerability in the PDB parser's print_gvars() function that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by crafting a malicious PDB file with newline characters in symbol names. Attackers can inject arb…
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High 8.9
WWBN AVideo vulnerable to RCE caused by clonesite plugin
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions 29.0 and below, the `cloneServer.json.php` endpoint in the CloneSite plugin constructs shell commands using user-controlled input (`url` parameter) without proper sanitization. The input is directly co…
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Critical 9.3
AVideo has an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-33502 (Command Injection)
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 29.0, an incomplete fix for AVideo's `test.php` adds `escapeshellarg` for wget but leaves the `file_get_contents` and `curl` code paths unsanitized, and the URL validation regex `/^…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-40933 EPSS 12%
Flowise: Authenticated RCE Via MCP Adapters
Flowise is a drag & drop user interface to build a customized large language model flow. Prior to 3.1.0, due to unsafe serialization of stdio commands in the MCP adapter, an authenticated attacker can add an MCP stdio server with an arbitrary command, achievi…
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Critical 9.4
This Critical severity OS Command Injection vulnerability was introduced in versions 9.6.0, 10.0.0, 10.1.0, 10.2.0, 11.…
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High 7.2
FreePBX api module Command Injection via GraphQL
FreePBX api module version 17.0.8 and prior contain a command injection vulnerability in the initiateGqlAPIProcess() function where GraphQL mutation input fields are passed directly to shell_exec() without sanitization or escaping. An authenticated user with …
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High 8.7
Command Injection Vulnerability in Quantum Networks Router QN-I-470
This vulnerability exists in Quantum Networks router due to inadequate sanitization of user-supplied input in the management CLI interface. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting arbitrary OS commands on the targeted de…
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Critical 9.8
NewSoft｜NewSoftOA - OS Command Injection
NewSoftOA developed by NewSoft has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated local attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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High 8.8
Dolibarr user with permission to edit PHP content can bypass filtering to restrict dangerous PHP functions
In the Website module of Dolibarr ERP & CRM 22.0.4 and below, the application uses blacklist-based filtering to restrict dangerous PHP functions related to system command execution. An authenticated user with permission to edit PHP content can bypass this fil…
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Critical 9.3
Command Injection and Docker container escape allows root on host machine
Flowsint is an open-source OSINT graph exploration tool designed for cybersecurity investigation, transparency, and verification. Flowsint allows a user to create investigations, which are used to manage sketches and analyses. Sketches have controllable graph…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 8.5 through 8.6 contain a command injection vulnerability. A high privileged at…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 8.5 through 8.6 contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.20, LTS2024 …
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High 7.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.5…
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High 8.8
TeamT5｜ThreatSonar Anti-Ransomware - Privilege Escalation
ThreatSonar Anti-Ransomware developed by TeamT5 has an Privilege Escalation vulnerability. Authenticated remote attackers with shell access can inject OS commands and execute them with root privileges.
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-6644 Public exploit
A command injection vulnerability was found in the PPTP VPN Clients on the ADM
A command injection vulnerability was found in the PPTP VPN Clients on the ADM. The vulnerability allows an administrative user to break out of the restricted web environment and execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system. This occurs due to in…
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High 8.8
Emissary has an OS Command Injection via Unvalidated IN_FILE_ENDING / OUT_FILE_ENDING in Executrix
Emissary is a P2P based data-driven workflow engine. In versions 8.42.0 and below, Executrix.getCommand() is vulnerable to OS command injection because it interpolates temporary file paths into a /bin/sh -c shell command string without any escaping or input v…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-23500 Public exploit
Dolibarr: OS Command Injection (RCE) via MAIN_ODT_AS_PDF configuration
Dolibarr is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM) software package. In versions prior to 23.0.0 , the ODT to PDF conversion process in odf.php concatenates the MAIN_ODT_AS_PDF configuration constant directly into a s…
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High 7.8
radare2 Command Injection via DWARF Parameter Names
radare2 prior to commit bc5a890 contains a command injection vulnerability in the afsv/afsvj command path where crafted ELF binaries can embed malicious r2 command sequences as DWARF DW_TAG_formal_parameter names. Attackers can craft a binary with shell comma…
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Medium 6.3
xrdp: Authenticated RCE via unsanitized AlternateShell execution in xrdp-sesman
xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions through 0.10.5 allow an authenticated remote user to execute arbitrary commands on the server due to unsafe handling of the AlternateShell parameter in xrdp-sesman. When the AllowAlternateShell setting is enabled (w…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6.0.0 and version 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 t…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6.0.0 and version 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 t…
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain, versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.6.0.0 and version 8.7.0.0, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 t…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-6483 EPSS 13%
Wavlink WL-WN530H4 internet.cgi snprintf os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WL-WN530H4 20220721. This vulnerability affects the function strcat/snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/internet.cgi. The manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit ha…
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High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in CubeCart prior to 6.6.0, which may allow a user with an administrative …
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High 8.1
sagredo qmail before 2026.04.07 allows tls_quit remote code execution because of popen in notlshosts_auto in qmail-remo…
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High 7.4
radare2 before 9236f44, when configured on UNIX without SSL, allows command injection via a PDB name to rabin2 -PP. NOT…
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Critical 9.8
HGiga｜iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The iSherlock developed by HGiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated local attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.