Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 8.8CVE-2026-40261 Public exploit
Composer has Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Reference
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Versions 1.0 through 2.2.26 and 2.3 through 2.9.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Perforce::syncCodeBase() method, which appends the $sourceReference parameter to a shell command without proper escapi…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-40176 Public exploit
Composer is vulnerable to Command Injection via Malicious Perforce Repository
Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Versions 1.0 through 2.2.26 and 2.3 through 2.9.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Perforce::generateP4Command() method, which constructs shell commands by interpolating user-supplied Perforce connecti…
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High 8.4
radare2 < 6.1.4 Command Injection via PDB Parser print_gvars()
radare2 prior to version 6.1.4 contains a command injection vulnerability in the PDB parser's print_gvars() function that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by embedding a newline byte in the PE section header name field. Attackers can craft a mal…
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Medium 4.0
PowerShell Command Injection in Podman HyperV Machine
Podman is a tool for managing OCI containers and pods. Versions 4.8.0 through 5.8.1 contain a command injection vulnerability in the HyperV machine backend in pkg/machine/hyperv/stubber.go, where the VM image path is inserted into a PowerShell double-quoted s…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-35196 Public exploit
Chamilo LMS has OS Command Injection via export_all_certificates action
Chamilo LMS is an open-source learning management system. In versions prior to 2.0.0-RC.3, an OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the main/inc/ajax/gradebook.ajax.php endpoint within the export_all_certificates action, where the course code retrieved…
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High 8.8
openITCOCKPIT has Authenticated Command Injection Leading to Remote Code Execution via Host Address Macro Expansion
openITCOCKPIT is an open source monitoring tool built for different monitoring engines. openITCOCKPIT Community Edition prior to version 5.5.2 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows an authenticated user with permission to add or modify hosts …
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Critical 9.1
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
KEV Jul 16, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
PraisonAI: Critical RCE via `type: job` workflow YAML
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. In versions below 4.5.139 of PraisonAI and 1.5.140 of praisonaiagents, the workflow engine is vulnerable to arbitrary command and code execution through untrusted YAML files. When praisonai workflow run <file.yaml> loa…
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Medium 6.3
MaxKB: Sandbox escape via LD_PRELOAD bypass
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. In versions 2.7.1 and below, an incomplete sandbox protection mechanism allows an authenticated user with tool execution privileges to escape the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox. By env command the attacker can cl…
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High —
SSH/SCP option injection allowing local RCE in @aiondadotcom/mcp-ssh
## Impact A crafted `hostAlias` argument such as `-oProxyCommand=...` was passed to `ssh`/`scp` without an argument terminator. SSH interprets arguments starting with `-` as options regardless of position, so the option-injection caused SSH to execute the att…
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Medium 4.6
MaxKB: RCE via MCP stdio command injection in workflow engine
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Versions 2.7.1 and below contain an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-53928, where a Remote Code Execution vulnerability still exists in the MCP node of the workflow engine. MaxKB only restricts the referencing c…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-6195 EPSS 14%
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPasswordCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setPasswordCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument admpass leads to os com…
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High 8.1
simple-git has Command Execution via Option-Parsing Bypass
simple-git enables running native Git commands from JavaScript. Versions up to and including 3.31.1 allow execution of arbitrary commands through Git option manipulation, bypassing safety checks meant to block dangerous options like -u and --upload-pack. The …
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High 7.5
OS Command Injection in Event Response Execution
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability allows OS Command Injection via Event Response execution. This issue affects Pandora FMS: from 777 through 800
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High 8.7
OS Command Injection in WebServerModuleDebug via Blacklist Bypass leads to Remote Code Execution
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability allows OS Command Injection via WebServerModuleDebug. This issue affects Pandora FMS: from 777 through 800
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High 8.7
OS Command Injection in Network Report leads to Remote Code Execution
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command vulnerability allows OS Command Injection via Network Report. This issue affects Pandora FMS: from 777 through 800
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High 8.5
LibreNMS is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution by Arbitrary File Write
LibreNMS versions before 26.3.0 are affected by an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability by abusing the Binary Locations config and the Netcommand feature. Successful exploitation requires administrative privileges. Exploitation could result in co…
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High 7.3
Totolink N300RH upgrade.so setUpgradeUboot os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink N300RH 6.1c.1353_B20190305. Affected is the function setUpgradeUboot of the file upgrade.so. This manipulation of the argument FileName causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The explo…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setIpQosRules os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setIpQosRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument Comment leads to os command injection.…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWanCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313. The impacted element is the function setWanCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument pppoeServiceName can lead to os command injec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setWizardCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The affected element is the function setWizardCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument wizard results in os comma…
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Medium 6.3
danielmiessler Personal_AI_Infrastructure parse_url.ts os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in danielmiessler Personal_AI_Infrastructure up to 2.3.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file Skills/Parser/Tools/parse_url.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remote…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi UploadFirmwareFile os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This impacts the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument FileName results in os command injection.…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi UploadOpenVpnCert os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function UploadOpenVpnCert of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument FileName leads to os command injection. The a…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAccessDeviceCfg os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The impacted element is the function setAccessDeviceCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. The attac…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setLedCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setLedCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. Remo…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTracerouteCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setTracerouteCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument command results in os command i…
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High 7.3
chatboxai chatbox Model Context Protocol Server Management System ipc-stdio-transport.ts StdioClientTransport os command injection
A flaw has been found in chatboxai chatbox up to 1.20.0. This impacts the function StdioClientTransport of the file src/main/mcp/ipc-stdio-transport.ts of the component Model Context Protocol Server Management System. Executing a manipulation of the argument …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setDiagnosisCfg os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This vulnerability affects the function setDiagnosisCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument ip leads to os command injection. …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setAppCfg os command injection
A flaw has been found in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. This affects the function setAppCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument enable can lead to os command injection. The attack may…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setNetworkCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setNetworkCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument proto results in os command in…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setTtyServiceCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setTtyServiceCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument ttyEnable lea…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setRadvdCfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setRadvdCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument maxRtrAdvInterval causes os command injection. The a…
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Medium 6.3
1Panel-dev MaxKB Model Context Protocol Node base_mcp_node.py execute os command injection
A vulnerability was found in 1Panel-dev MaxKB up to 2.6.1. The affected element is the function execute of the file apps/application/flow/step_node/mcp_node/impl/base_mcp_node.py of the component Model Context Protocol Node. Performing a manipulation results …
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High 7.5
ChargePoint Home Flex revssh Service Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
ChargePoint Home Flex revssh Service Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ChargePoint Home Flex devices. Authentication is not requir…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5059 Public exploit
aws-mcp-server AWS CLI Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
aws-mcp-server AWS CLI Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of aws-mcp-server. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The s…
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Critical 9.8
aws-mcp-server Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
aws-mcp-server Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of aws-mcp-server. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific …
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Critical 9.1
OS Command Injection in Chamilo LMS 1.11.36
Chamilo LMS is a learning management system. Prior to 1.11.38 and 2.0.0-RC.3, Chamilo LMS contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability in the file move function. The move() function in fileManage.lib.php passes user-controlled path values directly into exec…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setVpnAccountCfg os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. The affected element is the function setVpnAccountCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument User results in os command injection. …
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A7100RU CGI cstecgi.cgi setPptpServerCfg os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setPptpServerCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument enable leads to os command injection…