Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('command injection') in Cursor allows an unauthorize…
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Critical 9.9
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (restore_settings.php)
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (restore_settings.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform URL-decoded name parameter passed to …
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Critical 9.9
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (start_upgrade.php)
Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (start_upgrade.php) in DB Electronica Telecomunicazioni S.p.A. Mozart FM Transmitter versions 30, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 3500, 6000, 7000 allows an attacker to perform User input passed directly to exec() all…
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High 8.0
TRENDnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1 has an authenticated remote OS command injection vulnerability in the setup.cgi binary, expl…
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High 8.8
Fugue is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution by Pickle Deserialization via FlaskRPCServer
Fugue is a unified interface for distributed computing that lets users execute Python, Pandas, and SQL code on Spark, Dask, and Ray with minimal rewrites. In version 0.9.2 and prior, there is a remote code execution vulnerability by pickle deserialization via…
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High 7.5
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in bwdpi. A remote, authenticated attacker could leverage this vu…
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Critical 9.2CVE-2025-59366 EPSS 12%
An authentication-bypass vulnerability exists in AiCloud. This vulnerability can be triggered by an unintended side eff…
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High 7.5
Remote Code Execution in Looker via Teradata JDBC Driver
A Looker user with a Developer role could cause Looker to execute a malicious command, due to insecure processing of Teradata driver parameters. Looker-hosted and Self-hosted were found to be vulnerable. This issue has already been mitigated for Looker-hosted…
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Critical 9.3
TVT NVMS-9000 Hard-coded API Credentials & Command Injection
Shenzhen TVT Digital Technology Co., Ltd. NVMS-9000 firmware (used by many white-labeled DVR/NVR/IPC products) contains hardcoded API credentials and an OS command injection flaw in its configuration services. The web/API interface accepts HTTP/XML requests a…
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High 8.7
@anthropic-ai/claude-code has Sed Command Validation Bypass that Allows Arbitrary File Writes
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.31, due to an error in sed command parsing, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code read-only validation and write to arbitrary files on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 2.0.…
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Medium 6.2
Command Injection in Opto22 Groov REST API
A vulnerability exists in the Opto22 Groov Manage REST API on GRV-EPIC and groov RIO Products that allows remote code execution with root privileges. When a POST request is executed against the vulnerable endpoint, the application reads certain header details…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Ilevia EVE X1 Server Firmware Version v4.7.18.0.eden and before Logic Version v6.00 - 2025_07_21 and before…
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High 8.7
AudioCodes Fax/IVR Appliance <= 2.6.23 Authenticated Command Injection via ActivateLicense.php
AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 expose an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the license activation workflow handled by AudioCodes_files/ActivateLicense.php. When a license file is uplo…
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High 8.7
AudioCodes Fax/IVR Appliance <= 2.6.23 Authenticated Command Injection via TestFax.php & LPE
AudioCodes Fax Server and Auto-Attendant IVR appliances versions up to and including 2.6.23 are vulnerable to an authenticated command injection in the fax test functionality implemented by AudioCodes_files/TestFax.php. When a fax "send" test is requested, th…
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High 7.3
D-Link Router DIR-868L A1 FW106KRb01.bin has an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the cgibin binar…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerability in HPE Aruba Networking Management Software (AirWave) CLI
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in the command line interface of the HPE Aruba Networking Airwave Platform. An authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary operating system commands with elevated privilege…
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Command Injection allows Unauthorized Command Execution in AOS-CX
A command injection vulnerability exists in the AOS-CX Operating System. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct a Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the affected system.
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Command Injection allows Unauthorized Command Execution in AOS-CX
A command injection vulnerability exists in the AOS-CX Operating System. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct a Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the affected system.
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Medium 6.7
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
KEV Nov 18, 2025 -
High 8.8
A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the "priv" parameter of Zyxel DX3300-T0 firmware version 5.50(…
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Medium 5.1CVE-2025-63408 Public exploit
Local Agent DVR versions thru 6.6.1.0 are vulnerable to directory traversal that allows an unauthenticated local attack…
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High 8.6CVE-2025-34322 Public exploit
Nagios Log Server < 2026R1.0.1 Authenticated Command Injection via Natural Language Queries
Nagios Log Server versions prior to 2026R1.0.1 contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the experimental 'Natural Language Queries' feature. When this feature is configured, certain user-controlled settings—including model selection and con…
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High 7.5
glob CLI: Command injection via -c/--cmd executes matches with shell:true
Glob matches files using patterns the shell uses. Starting in version 10.2.0 and prior to versions 10.5.0 and 11.1.0, the glob CLI contains a command injection vulnerability in its -c/--cmd option that allows arbitrary command execution when processing files …
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Medium 6.8
CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
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Critical 9.8
ThinPLUS｜ThinPLUS - OS Command Injection
ThinPLUS developed by ThinPLUS has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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High 8.1
MyScreenTools v2.2.1.0 contains a critical OS command injection vulnerability in the GIF compression tool. The applicat…
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High 8.7
IPCop <= 2.1.9 Authenticated RCE
IPCop versions up to and including 2.1.9 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability within the web-based administration interface. The email configuration component inserts user-controlled values, including the EMAIL_PW parameter, directly i…
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Critical 9.3
TG8 Firewall Unauthenticated RCE via runphpcmd.php
TG8 Firewall contains a pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability in the runphpcmd.php endpoint. The syscmd POST parameter is passed directly to a system command without validation and executed with root privileges. A remote, unauthenticated atta…
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High 7.2
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in NCP-HG100 1.…
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Medium 6.3
Cisco DNA Center API Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the REST API of Cisco Catalyst Center could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands in a restricted container as the root user. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input in RES…
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Medium 6.8
Command injection vulnerability allowing arbitrary command execution on Windows
pgAdmin 4 versions up to 9.9 are affected by a command injection vulnerability on Windows systems. This issue is caused by the use of shell=True during backup and restore operations, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by providing special…
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Medium 6.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Business Connector
Due to an OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Business Connector, an authenticated attacker with administrative access and adjacent network access could upload specially crafted content to the server. If processed by the application, this content enable…
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Critical 10.0
Samba: command injection in wins server hook script
A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command…
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High 8.6
FreePBX Administration GUI is Vulnerable to Authenticated Command Injection
FreePBX Endpoint Manager is a module for managing telephony endpoints in FreePBX systems. In versions 17.0.2.36 and above before 17.0.3, the filestore module within the Administrative interface is vulnerable to a post-authentication command injection by an au…
KEV Feb 3, 2026 -
Critical 9.3
CLUSTERPRO X for Linux 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2 and EXPRESSCLUSTER X for Linux 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2, …
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High 7.8
evernote-mcp-server openBrowser Command Injection Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
evernote-mcp-server openBrowser Command Injection Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of evernote-mcp-server. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-p…
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Critical 9.3
D-Link DIR-1260 <= v1.20B05 GetDeviceSettings Unauthenticated Command Injection
D-Link DIR-1260 Wi-Fi router firmware versions up to and including v1.20B05 contain a command injection vulnerability within the web management interface that allows for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device with root privilege…
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High 8.6
Advantech WebAccess/VPN < 1.1.5 Command Injection in AppManagementController.appUpgradeAction()
Advantech WebAccess/VPN versions prior to 1.1.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in AppManagementController.appUpgradeAction() that allows an authenticated system administrator to execute arbitrary commands as the web server user (www-data) by supply…
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High 8.4
Dell CloudLink, versions prior to 8.2, contain a vulnerability where a privileged user with known password can run comm…
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High 8.4
Dell CloudLink, versions prior to 8.2, contain a vulnerability where a privileged user with known password can run comm…