Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Medium 6.7
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3…
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the swctrl functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A spe…
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the swctrl functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A spe…
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. …
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High 8.8
Multiple OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. …
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High 7.3
IBM Security Verify Access command execution
IBM Security Verify Access and IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0.0 through 10.0.9.0 and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.1.0 could allow an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with lower user privileges on the system due to improper validation of u…
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Critical 9.1
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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High 8.2
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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High 8.2
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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Critical 9.9
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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Critical 9.1
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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High 8.2
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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High 8.2
OS Command Injection vulnerability in EndRun Technologies Sonoma D12 Network Time Server (GPS) F/W 6010-0071-000 Ver 4.…
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Medium 6.3
samanhappy MCPHub serverController.ts os command injection
A vulnerability was found in samanhappy MCPHub up to 0.9.10. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file src/controllers/serverController.ts. The manipulation of the argument command/args results in os command injection. The attack can be…
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Medium 5.1
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnera…
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High 8.8
Cursor CLI's Cursor Agent MCP OAuth2 Communication is Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, when MCP uses OAuth authentication with an untrusted MCP server, an attacker can impersonate a malicious MCP server and return crafted, maliciously injected commands during the …
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High 7.2
motionEye vulnerable to RCE via unsanitized motion config parameter
MotionEye v0.43.1b4 and before is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in configuration parameters such as image_file_name. Unsanitized user input is written to Motion configuration files, allowing remote authenticated attackers with admin access to achieve cod…
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High 8.8
TOTOLINK X18 V9.1.0cu.2053_B20230309 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the mac parameter …
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Critical 9.8
MegaSys Enterprises Telenium Online Web Application OS Command Injection
The Telenium Online Web Application is vulnerable due to a PHP endpoint accessible to unauthenticated network users that improperly handles user-supplied input. This vulnerability occurs due to the insecure termination of a regular expression check within the…
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Critical 9.8
check-branches is vulnerable to command Injection
All versions of the package check-branches are vulnerable to Command Injection check-branches is a command-line tool that is interacted with locally, or via CI, to confirm no conflicts exist in git branches. However, the library follows these conventions whic…
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Critical 9.8
Post By Email <= 1.0.4b - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload via Email Attachments
The Post By Email plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the save_attachments function in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.4b. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload ar…
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High 8.8
IBM InfoSphere Information Server command execution
IBM InfoSphere 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6 Information Server could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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Critical 9.3
An OS command injection vulnerability in user interface in Western Digital My Cloud firmware prior to 5.31.108 on NAS p…
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Medium 4.7
Ruijie NBR2100G-E branch_passw.php listAction os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Ruijie NBR2100G-E up to 20250919. Affected by this issue is the function listAction of the file /itbox_pi/branch_passw.php?a=list. Performing manipulation of the argument city results in os command injection. The attack …
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Medium 6.3
mirweiye wenkucms common.php createPathOne os command injection
A vulnerability was found in mirweiye wenkucms up to 3.4. This impacts the function createPathOne of the file app/common/common.php. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and co…
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High 8.2
OS Command injection vulnerability in PublicCMS PublicCMS-V5.202506.a, and PublicCMS-V5.202506.b allowing attackers to …
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High 7.7
Argument injection vulnerability in SonarQube Scan Action
SonarQube Server and Cloud is a static analysis solution for continuous code quality and security inspection. A command injection vulnerability exists in SonarQube GitHub Action in version 4.0.0 to before version 6.0.0 when workflows pass user-controlled inpu…
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High 7.3
Unitree Multiple Robotic Products Command Injection
Multiple robotic products by Unitree sharing a common firmware, including the Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices, contain a command injection vulnerability. By setting a malicious string when configuring the on-board WiFi via a BLE module of an affected robot, then …
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High 8.2
Unitree Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices through 2025-09-20 allow root OS command injection via the hostapd_restart.sh wifi_…
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Critical 9.3
TOTOLINK X6000R Unauthenticated Command Injection Vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1458_B20250708.
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High 8.6
Nagios XI < 2026R1 Configuration Wizard Authenticated Command Injection
Nagios XI < 2026R1 is vulnerable to an authenticated command injection vulnerability within the MongoDB Database, MySQL Query, MySQL Server, Postgres Server, and Postgres Query wizards. It is possible to inject shell characters into arguments provided to the …
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Medium 6.7
Dell Cloud Disaster Recovery, version(s) prior to 19.20, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used…
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High 8.5
Ericsson Indoor Connect 8855 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command Vulnerability
Ericsson Indoor Connect 8855 contains a command injection vulnerability which if exploited can result in an escalation of privileges.
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Critical 9.8
Command Injection in adb-mcp MCP Server
ADB MCP Server is a MCP (Model Context Protocol) server for interacting with Android devices through ADB. In versions 0.1.0 and prior, the MCP Server is written in a way that is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability attacks as part of some of its MCP …
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High 8.7
`git-comiters` Command Injection vulnerability
git-commiters is a Node.js function module providing committers stats for their git repository. Prior to version 0.1.2, there is a command injection vulnerability in git-commiters. This vulnerability manifests with the library's primary exported API: gitCommi…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-52906 EPSS 14%
TOTOLINK X6000R Command Injection Vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207.
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Datart v.1.0.0-rc.3 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the INIT connection parameter.
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High 7.3
CryptoLib command Injection vulnerability in initialize_kerberos_keytab_file_login()
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.2, ther…
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Critical 10.0
OS Command Injection in Iron Mountain's enVision
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Iron Mountain Archiving Services Inc. EnVision allows Command Injection. This issue affects enVision: before 250563.
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High 8.5
Viessmann Vitogate 300 OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Vitogate 300, which can be exploited by malicious users to compromise affected installations. Specifically, the `/cgi-bin/vitogate.cgi` endpoint is affected, when the `form` JSON parameter is se…