Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Medium 6.5
OS Command injection vulnerability in D-Link C1 2020-02-21. The sub_47F028 function in jhttpd contains a command inject…
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Medium 6.5
OS Command injection vulnerability in Tenda AC9 1.0 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-10775 EPSS 17%
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 login.cgi sub_4012A0 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 240425. This vulnerability affects the function sub_4012A0 of the file /cgi-bin/login.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ipaddr leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the at…
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Medium 4.7
Ruijie 6000-E10 sub_commit.php os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Ruijie 6000-E10 up to 2.4.3.6-20171117. This affects an unknown part of the file /view/vpn/autovpn/sub_commit.php. This manipulation of the argument key causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remot…
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Medium 4.5
CosmodiumCS OnlyRAT Configuration File main.py remote_download os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in CosmodiumCS OnlyRAT up to 3.2. The affected element is the function connect/remote_upload/remote_download of the file main.py of the component Configuration File Handler. The manipulation of the argument configuration["PASSWORD…
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Medium 5.2
HyperX NGENUITY - Arbitrary Code Execution
HyperX NGENUITY software is potentially vulnerable to arbitrary code execution. HP is releasing updated software to address the potential vulnerability.
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Critical 9.0
CWP (aka Control Web Panel or CentOS Web Panel) before 0.9.8.1205 allows unauthenticated remote code execution via shel…
KEV Nov 4, 2025 -
Medium 4.7
IBM watsonx.data command execution
IBM Lakehouse (watsonx.data 2.2) could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary commands on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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Critical 9.8
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability in the Python backend, where an attacker …
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Medium 6.3
sequa-ai sequa-mcp OAuth Server Discovery node-oauth-client-provider.ts redirectToAuthorization os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in sequa-ai sequa-mcp up to 1.0.13. This affects the function redirectToAuthorization of the file src/helpers/node-oauth-client-provider.ts of the component OAuth Server Discovery. Performing manipulation results in os command inj…
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Critical 9.8
Planet Technology｜Industrial Cellular Gateway - OS Command Injection
Certain models of Industrial Cellular Gateway developed by Planet Technology have an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 8.8
N-Partner｜N-Reporter, N-Cloud, N-Probe - OS Command Injection
The N-Reporter, N-Cloud, and N-Probe developed by N-Partner has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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High 7.2
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in WN-7D36QR an…
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High 8.0
In LemonLDAP::NG before 2.16.7 and 2.17 through 2.21 before 2.21.3, OS command injection can occur in the Safe jail. It…
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Medium 6.7
Authenticated Remote Code Execution allows Exploit in Scripts Feature
A vulnerable feature in the command line interface of EdgeConnect SD-WAN could allow an authenticated attacker to exploit built-in script execution capabilities. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying o…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Remote Code Execution in HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways Command Line Interface
A vulnerability exists in the HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways Command Line Interface that allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will result in the abi…
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Critical 9.3
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server 4.7.18.0.eden Reverse Rootshell
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a misconfiguration in the sudoers file that allows passwordless execution of certain Bash scripts. If these scripts are writable by web-facing users or accessible via command injection, attackers can re…
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Critical 9.3
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server 4.7.18.0.eden Authentication Bypass
Ilevia EVE X1/X5 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains a vulnerability in its authentication mechanism. Unsanitized input is passed to a system() call for authentication, allowing attackers to inject special characters and manipulate command parsing. Becaus…
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Critical 9.3
Ilevia EVE X1 Server 4.7.18.0.eden Neuro-Core Unauthenticated Code Injection
Ilevia EVE X1 Server version ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden contains an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability in the /ajax/php/login.php script. Remote attackers can execute arbitrary system commands by injecting payloads into the 'passwd' HTTP POST parameter, …
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Medium 6.3
FreePBX Post-Authenticated Command Injection
FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. From 17.0.19.11 to before 17.0.21, authenticated users of the Administrator Control Panel (ACP) can run arbitrary shell commands by maliciously changing languages of the framework module. This vuln…
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Critical 9.8
OS command injection in Chaos Mesh via the cleanIptables mutation
The cleanIptables mutation in Chaos Controller Manager is vulnerable to OS command injection. In conjunction with CVE-2025-59358, this allows unauthenticated in-cluster attackers to perform remote code execution across the cluster.
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Critical 9.8
OS command injection in Chaos Mesh via the killProcesses mutation
The killProcesses mutation in Chaos Controller Manager is vulnerable to OS command injection. In conjunction with CVE-2025-59358, this allows unauthenticated in-cluster attackers to perform remote code execution across the cluster.
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-59359 Public exploit
OS command injection in Chaos Mesh via the cleanTcs mutation
The cleanTcs mutation in Chaos Controller Manager is vulnerable to OS command injection. In conjunction with CVE-2025-59358, this allows unauthenticated in-cluster attackers to perform remote code execution across the cluster.
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Medium 6.3
Tenda AC9/AC15 exeCommand formexeCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC9 and AC15 15.03.05.14. This affects the function formexeCommand of the file /goform/exeCommand. This manipulation of the argument cmdinput causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. T…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-10441 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-8100G/DI-8200G/DI-8003G jhttpd version_upgrade.asp sub_433F7C os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-8100G, DI-8200G and DI-8003G 17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this issue is the function sub_433F7C of the file version_upgrade.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument path results in os command i…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-10440 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-8100/DI-8100G/DI-8200/DI-8200G/DI-8003/DI-8003G jhttpd usb_paswd.asp sub_4621DC os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DI-8100, DI-8100G, DI-8200, DI-8200G, DI-8003 and DI-8003G 16.07.26A1/17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_4621DC of the file usb_paswd.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation…
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Low 3.7
mcp-kubernetes-server has an OS Command Injection vulnerability
feiskyer mcp-kubernetes-server through 0.1.11 allows OS command injection, even in read-only mode, via /mcp/kubectl because shell=True is used. NOTE: this is unrelated to mcp-server-kubernetes and CVE-2025-53355.
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High 7.3
Wavlink WL-WN578W2 wireless.cgi sub_404DBC os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110. This impacts the function sub_404DBC of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. The manipulation of the argument macAddr results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is no…
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High 7.3
Wavlink WL-WN578W2 wireless.cgi sub_404850 os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110. This affects the function sub_404850 of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. The manipulation of the argument delete_list leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. …
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID playsinglefile.php os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/playsinglefile.php. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection.…
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID shuffle.php os command injection
A weakness has been identified in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/shuffle.php. Executing manipulation of the argument playlist can lead to os command injection.…
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Medium 6.3
MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID single.php os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in MiczFlor RPi-Jukebox-RFID up to 2.8.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /htdocs/api/playlist/single.php. Performing manipulation of the argument playlist results in os command injection. The attack can be init…
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High 7.3
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin RCE vulnerability in Zabbix 5.0.
Zabbix Agent 2 smartctl plugin does not properly sanitize smart.disk.get parameters, allowing an attacker to inject unexpected arguments into the smartctl command. In Zabbix 5.0 this allows for remote code execution.
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High 8.8
Digiever｜NVR - OS Command Injection
Certain models of NVR developed by Digiever has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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Critical 9.8
Hoverfly vulnerable to remote code execution at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insecure middleware implementation
Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization i…
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High 7.8
Dell PowerProtect Data Manager, version(s) 19.19 and 19.20, Hyper-V contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special El…
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High 8.2
Dell PowerProtect Data Manager, version(s) 19.19 and 19.20, Hyper-V contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special El…
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High 8.7
Claude Code vulnerable to arbitrary code execution caused by maliciously configured git email
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. At startup, Claude Code executed a command templated in with `git config user.email`. Prior to version 1.0.105, a maliciously configured user email in git could be used to trigger arbitrary code execution before a user a…
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High 8.8
OS Command injection vulnerability in function OperateSSH in 1panel 2.0.8 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comma…
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Medium 5.8
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…