Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
-
Medium 5.8
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
-
High 7.3
The NVIDIA NVDebug tool contains a vulnerability that may allow an actor to run code on the platform host as a non-priv…
-
High 8.5
Calix Gigacenter ONT - Command Injection
OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Calix GigaCenter ONT (Quantenna SoC modules) allows authenticated attackers with 'super' user credentials to execute arbitrary OS commands through improper input validation, potentially leading to full syst…
-
High 8.1
Tautulli vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection
Tautulli is a Python based monitoring and tracking tool for Plex Media Server. A command injection vulnerability in Tautulli v2.15.3 and prior allows attackers with administrative privileges to obtain remote code execution on the application server. This vuln…
-
High 7.5
OctoPrint is Vulnerable to RCE Attacks via Unsanitized Filename in File Upload
OctoPrint provides a web interface for controlling consumer 3D printers. OctoPrint versions up until and including 1.11.2 contain a vulnerability that allows an authenticated attacker to upload a file under a specially crafted filename that will allow arbitra…
-
Critical 9.8
Multiple CWE-78
-
Medium 6.5
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78] …
-
Critical 9.3
@akoskm/create-mcp-server-stdio has Command Injection in MCP Server due to unsafe `exec` API
@akoskm/create-mcp-server-stdio is an MCP server starter kit that uses the StdioServerTransport. Prior to version 0.0.13, the MCP Server is written in a way that is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability attacks as part of some of its MCP Server tool d…
-
High 7.8
Roo Code: Auto-approve allows npm install execution of malicious postinstall scripts
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. Versions 3.25.23 and below contain a default list of allowed commands that do not need manual approval if auto-approve is enabled, and npm install is included in that list. Becaus…
-
Critical 9.9CVE-2025-58371 Public exploit
Roo Code is vulnerable to command injection via GitHub actions workflow
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. In versions 3.26.6 and below, a Github workflow used unsanitized pull request metadata in a privileged context, allowing an attacker to craft malicious input and achieve Remote Co…
-
High 8.1
Roo Code: Potential Remote Code Execution via Bash Parameter Expansion and Indirect Reference
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. Versions below 3.26.0 contain a vulnerability in the command parsing logic where the Bash parameter expansion and indirect reference were not handled correctly. If the agent was c…
-
Critical 9.8
TkEasyGUI Vulnerable to OS Command Injection
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in TkEasyGUI versions prior to v1.0.22. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by a remote unauthenticated attacker if…
-
High 8.4CVE-2025-56803 Public exploit
Figma Desktop for Windows version 125.6.5 contains a command injection vulnerability in the local plugin loader. An att…
-
Medium 5.3
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in PLDT WiFi Router's Prolink PGN6401V Firmware 8.1.2 web management inter…
-
High 7.2
Vacron Camera ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Vacron Camera ping Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Vacron Camera devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The sp…
-
High 8.6
Command Injection in extension "TYPO3 Backup Plus" (ns_backup)
The ns_backup extension through 13.0.2 for TYPO3 allows command injection.
-
High 8.7
StreamVault can perform remote command execution
StreamVault is a multi-platform video parsing and downloading tool. Prior to version 250822, after logging into the StreamVault-system, an attacker can modify certain system parameters, construct malicious commands, execute command injection attacks against t…
-
Critical 9.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in SkyBridge BA…
-
High 7.3CVE-2025-9752 EPSS 19%
D-Link DIR-852 SOAP Service soap.cgi soapcgi_main os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DIR-852 1.00CN B09. Impacted is the function soapcgi_main of the file soap.cgi of the component SOAP Service. Such manipulation of the argument service leads to os command injection. The attack can be launc…
-
Medium 4.7CVE-2025-9745 EPSS 13%
D-Link DI-500WF jhttpd version_upgrade.asp os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DI-500WF 14.04.10A1T. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /version_upgrade.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument path leads to os command injection. The attack ma…
-
Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-816L soap.cgi soapcgi_main os command injection
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DIR-816L 206b01. Affected by this issue is the function soapcgi_main of the file /soap.cgi. This manipulation of the argument service causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The expl…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2009-20010 Public exploit
Dogfood CRM spell.php RCE
Dogfood CRM version 2.0.10 contains a remote command execution vulnerability in the spell.php script used by its mail subsystem. The vulnerability arises from unsanitized user input passed via a POST request to the data parameter, which is processed by the un…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2009-20011 Public exploit
ContentKeeper Web Appliance < 125.10 RCE via mimencode
ContentKeeper Web Appliance (now maintained by Impero Software) versions prior to 125.10 are vulnerable to remote command execution due to insecure handling of file uploads via the mimencode CGI utility. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to u…
-
High 8.7CVE-2005-10004 Public exploit
Cacti graph_view.php RCE via graph_start Parameter Injection
Cacti versions prior to 0.8.6-d contain a remote command execution vulnerability in the graph_view.php script. An authenticated user can inject arbitrary shell commands via the graph_start GET parameter, which is improperly handled during graph rendering. Thi…
-
High 8.6
Authenticated RCE via Parental Control command injection
The authenticated remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the Parental Control page on TP-Link Archer C7(EU) V2 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9. This issue affects Archer C7(EU) V2: before 241108 and TL-WR841N/ND(MS) V9: before 241108. Both products ha…
KEV Sep 3, 2025 -
Low 2.3
HybridDesk Station
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect HybridDesk Station. If an attacker gains local network access, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versio…
-
High 7.7
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in …
-
High 7.1
QuRouter 2.5
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuRouter 2.5.1. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following …
-
High 7.2
Multiple products provided by iND Co.,Ltd contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If exploited, an arbitrary OS …
-
Critical 9.8
TRENDnet TV-IP410 vA1.0R was discovered to contain an OS command injection vulnerability via the /server/cgi-bin/testse…
-
High 7.3
LSTM-Kirigaya's openmcp-client Vulnerable to RCE in MCP Authorization Flow
LSTM-Kirigaya's openmcp-client is a vscode plugin for mcp developer. Prior to version 0.1.12, when users on a Windows platform connect to an attacker controlled MCP server, attackers could provision a malicious authorization server endpoint to silently achiev…
-
Medium 6.3
LB-LINK BL-X26 HTTP set_blacklist os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. This affects an unknown function of the file /goform/set_blacklist of the component HTTP Handler. Such manipulation of the argument mac leads to os command injection. The attack can be launch…
-
Medium 6.3
LB-LINK BL-X26 HTTP set_hidessid_cfg os command injection
A weakness has been identified in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_hidessid_cfg of the component HTTP Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. The attack can be ini…
-
Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 upload.cgi cgiMain os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This issue affects the function cgiMain of the file /cgi-bin/upload.cgi. Executing manipulation of the argumen…
-
Critical 9.1
Valtimo scripting engine can be used to gain access to sensitive data or resources
Valtimo is a platform for Business Process Automation. In versions before 12.16.0.RELEASE, and from 13.0.0.RELEASE to before 13.1.2.RELEASE, any admin that can create or modify and execute process-definitions could gain access to sensitive data or resources. …
-
Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-868L B1 router firmware version FW2.05WWB02 contains an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability i…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2018-25115 EPSS 10%
D-Link DIR-110/412/600/615/645/815 RCE via service.cgi
Multiple D-Link DIR-series routers, including DIR-110, DIR-412, DIR-600, DIR-610, DIR-615, DIR-645, and DIR-815 firmware version 1.03, contain a vulnerability in the service.cgi endpoint that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands withou…
-
Critical 10.0
Dahua EIMS capture_handle.action RCE
A command injection vulnerability in Dahua EIMS versions prior to 2240008 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands via the capture_handle.action interface. The flaw stems from improper input validation in the captureCommand…
-
Critical 10.0
AnyShare ServiceAgent API Unauthenticated RCE
AnyShare contains a critical unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the ServiceAgent API exposed on port 10250. The endpoint /api/ServiceAgent/start_service accepts user-supplied input via POST and fails to sanitize command-like payloads. An a…
-
Critical 9.4CVE-2025-34161 Public exploit
Coolify Git Repository Field Command Injection in Project Deployment Workflow
Coolify versions prior to v4.0.0-beta.420.7 are vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability in the project deployment workflow. The platform allows authenticated users, with low-level member privileges, to inject arbitrary shell commands via the Git R…