Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,328 results · Feed
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Medium 6.3
Xuxueli xxl-job SampleXxlJob.java commandJobHandler os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Xuxueli xxl-job up to 3.1.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function commandJobHandler of the file src\main\java\com\xxl\job\executor\service\jobhandler\SampleXxlJob.java. The manipulation le…
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Critical 9.3
LILIN DVR Command Injection via NTPUpdate in dvr_box
A command injection vulnerability exists in LILIN Digital Video Recorder (DVR) devices prior to firmware version 2.0b60_20200207 via the Server field in the NTPUpdate configuration. The web service at /z/zbin/dvr_box fails to properly sanitize input, allowing…
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High 8.7
LILIN DVR RCE via Malicious FTP/NTP Configuration
A command injection vulnerability exists in LILIN Digital Video Recorder (DVR) devices prior to firmware version 2.0b60_20200207 due to insufficient sanitization of the FTP and NTP Server fields in the service configuration. An attacker with access to the con…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34125 Public exploit
D-Link DSP-W110A1 Cookie Command Injection
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the cookie handling process of the lighttpd web server on D-Link DSP-W110A1 firmware version 1.05B01. This occurs when specially crafted cookie values are processed, allowing remote attackers to exe…
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Critical 9.3
Netcore / Netis Routers RCE via UDP Port 53413 Backdoor
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in multiple Netcore and Netis routers models with firmware released prior to August 2014 due to the presence of an undocumented backdoor listener on UDP port 53413. Exact version boundaries remain undocumented. An …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34103 Public exploit
WePresent WiPG-1000 Unauthenticated Command Injection in via rdfs.cgi
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in WePresent WiPG-1000 firmware versions prior to 2.2.3.0, due to improper input handling in the undocumented /cgi-bin/rdfs.cgi endpoint. The Client parameter is not sanitized before being passed to a …
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High 8.7CVE-2025-34113 Public exploit
Tiki Wiki CMS Authenticated Command Injection in Calendar Module
An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in Tiki Wiki CMS versions ≤14.1, ≤12.4 LTS, ≤9.10 LTS, and ≤6.14 via the `viewmode` GET parameter in `tiki-calendar.php`. When the calendar module is enabled and an authenticated user has permission to a…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2025-34112 Public exploit
Riverbed SteelCentral NetProfiler / NetExpress 10.8.7 RCE
An authenticated multi-stage remote code execution vulnerability exists in Riverbed SteelCentral NetProfiler and NetExpress 10.8.7 virtual appliances. A SQL injection vulnerability in the '/api/common/1.0/login' endpoint can be exploited to create a new user …
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High 8.7CVE-2025-34115 Public exploit
OP5 Monitor <= 7.1.9 Authenticated Command Execution via command_test.php
An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in OP5 Monitor through version 7.1.9 via the 'cmd_str' parameter in the command_test.php endpoint. A user with access to the web interface can exploit the 'Test this command' feature to execute arbitrary…
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High 8.7CVE-2025-34116 Public exploit
IPFire < 2.19 Core Update 101 proxy.cgi RCE
A remote command execution vulnerability exists in IPFire before version 2.19 Core Update 101 via the 'proxy.cgi' CGI interface. An authenticated attacker can inject arbitrary shell commands through crafted values in the NCSA user creation form fields, leadin…
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Medium 5.4CVE-2025-52379 EPSS 16%
Nexxt Solutions NCM-X1800 Mesh Router firmware UV1.2.7 and below contains an authenticated command injection vulnerabil…
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High 8.9
github-kanban-mcp-server Command Injection vulnerability
GitHub Kanban MCP Server is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for managing GitHub issues in Kanban board format and streamlining LLM task management. Version 0.3.0 of the MCP Server is written in a way that is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability…
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High 8.1
Job Iteration API is vulnerable to OS Command Injection attack through its CsvEnumerator class
The Job Iteration API is an an extension for ActiveJob that make jobs interruptible and resumable Versions prior to 1.11.0 have an arbitrary code execution vulnerability in the `CsvEnumerator` class. This vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker to execu…
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Critical 9.8
Hgiga｜iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The iSherlock developed by Hgiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server. This vulnerability has already been exploited. Please update immediately.
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Medium 4.7
D-Link DIR-818LW System Time Page os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-818LW up to 20191215. This affects an unknown part of the component System Time Page. The manipulation of the argument NTP Server leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the…
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Medium 6.7
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Privilege escalation to root via CLI command 'request system logout'
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the CLI of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a high privileged, local attacker to escalated their privileges to root. When a use…
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Critical 9.5CVE-2025-50121 EPSS 22%
A CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exis…
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High 8.3
Linksys E1000 devices through 2.1.02, E1200 devices before 2.0.05, and E3200 devices through 1.0.04 allow OS command in…
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Medium 4.9
phpThumb is vulnerable to Command Injection through its gif_outputAsJpeg function
gif_outputAsJpeg in phpThumb through 1.7.23 allows phpthumb.gif.php OS Command Injection via a crafted parameter value. This is fixed in 1.7.23-202506081709.
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Medium 4.1
Meshtastic allows Command Injection in GitHub Action
Meshtastic is an open source mesh networking solution. The main_matrix.yml GitHub Action is triggered by the pull_request_target event, which has extensive permissions, and can be initiated by an attacker who forked the repository and created a pull request. …
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-7414 EPSS 13%
Tenda O3V2 httpd setPingInfo fromNetToolGet os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda O3V2 1.0.0.12(3880). This vulnerability affects the function fromNetToolGet of the file /goform/setPingInfo of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument domain leads to os command injection…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34102 Public exploit
CryptoLog Unauthenticated RCE via SQL Injection and Command Injection
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in CryptoLog (PHP version, discontinued since 2009) due to a chained exploitation of SQL injection and command injection vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated attacker can gain shell access as the web server user by …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34095 Public exploit
Mako Server v2.5 and v2.6 OS Command Injection via examples/save.lsp
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in Mako Server versions 2.5 and 2.6, specifically within the tutorial interface provided by the examples/save.lsp endpoint. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted PUT request containing arbitrary Lua os.exe…
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High 7.5CVE-2025-34093 Public exploit
Polycom HDX Series Telnet Command Injection via lan traceroute
An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in the Polycom HDX Series command shell interface accessible over Telnet. The lan traceroute command in the devcmds console accepts unsanitized input, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary system comma…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34101 Public exploit
Serviio Media Server Unauthenticated Command Injection via checkStreamUrl VIDEO Parameter
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in Serviio Media Server versions 1.4 through 1.8 on Windows, in the /rest/action API endpoint exposed by the console component (default port 23423). The checkStreamUrl method accepts a VIDEO parameter …
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Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34099 Public exploit
VICIdial vicidial_sales_viewer.php Unauthenticated Command Injection via Basic Auth Password
An unauthenticated command injection vulnerability exists in VICIdial versions 2.9 RC1 through 2.13 RC1, within the vicidial_sales_viewer.php component when password encryption is enabled (a non-default configuration). The application improperly passes the HT…
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High 7.8
Kubernetes Headlamp Allows Arbitrary Command Injection in macOS Process headlamp@codeSign
Headlamp is an extensible Kubernetes web UI. A command injection vulnerability was discovered in the codeSign.js script used in the macOS packaging workflow of the Kubernetes Headlamp project. This issue arises due to the improper use of Node.js's execSync() …
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High 8.6
Git GUI malicious command injection on Windows
Git GUI allows you to use the Git source control management tools via a GUI. A malicious repository can ship versions of sh.exe or typical textconv filter programs such as astextplain. Due to the unfortunate design of Tcl on Windows, the search path when look…
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High 8.6
Gitk allows arbitrary command execution
Gitk is a Tcl/Tk based Git history browser. Starting with 2.41.0, a Git repository can be crafted in such a way that with some social engineering a user who has cloned the repository can be tricked into running any script (e.g., Bourne shell, Perl, Python, ..…
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Low 3.6
Gitk can create and truncate files in the user's home directory
Gitk is a Tcl/Tk based Git history browser. Starting with 1.7.0, when a user clones an untrusted repository and runs gitk without additional command arguments, files for which the user has write permission can be created and truncated. The option Support per-…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-7407 EPSS 12%
Netgear D6400 diag.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Netgear D6400 1.0.0.114. This affects an unknown part of the file diag.cgi. The manipulation of the argument host_name leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotel…
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Critical 9.6
OS command injection in mcp-remote when connecting to untrusted MCP servers
mcp-remote is exposed to OS command injection when connecting to untrusted MCP servers due to crafted input from the authorization_endpoint response URL
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Critical 10.0
Unauthenticated execution of arbitrary commands in Radiflow iSAP Smart Collector
The device has two web servers that expose unauthenticated REST APIs on the management network (TCP ports 8084 and 8086). Exploiting OS command injection through these APIs, an attacker can send arbitrary commands that are executed with administrative permiss…
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High 7.9
ColdFusion | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
ColdFusion versions 2025.2, 2023.14, 2021.20 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution by a high-privileged attacker. Exp…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-6771 EPSS 23%
OS command injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager
OS command injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) before version 12.5.0.2,12.4.0.3 and 12.3.0.3 allows a remote authenticated attacker with high privileges to achieve remote code execution
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High 7.2CVE-2025-6770 EPSS 20%
OS command injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager
OS command injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM) before version 12.5.0.2 allows a remote authenticated attacker with high privileges to achieve remote code execution
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High 8.4
Local Privilege Escalation via Unauthenticated Command Injection
An unauthenticated local attacker can inject a command that is subsequently executed as root, leading to a privilege escalation.
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK N200RE cstecgi.cgi sub_41A0F8 os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK N200RE 9.3.5u.6095_B20200916/9.3.5u.6139_B20201216. Affected by this issue is the function sub_41A0F8 of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument Hostname lea…
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Medium 6.8
Remote Command Execution through Scripted Input Files in Splunk Enterprise
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.3, 9.3.5, 9.2.7, and 9.1.10, a user who holds a role that contains the high-privilege capability `edit_scripted` and `list_inputs` capability , could perform a remote command execution due to improper user input sanitiz…
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Medium 6.3
Dokploy allows attackers to run arbitrary OS commands on the Dokploy host.
Dokploy is a self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS) that simplifies the deployment and management of applications and databases. An authenticated, low-privileged user can run arbitrary OS commands on the Dokploy host. The tRPC procedure docker.getContaine…