Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,332 results · Feed
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5447 EPSS 33%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 ssid1MACFilter os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function ssid1MACFilter of the file /goform/ssid1M…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5446 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 RP_checkCredentialsByBBS os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function RP_checkCredentialsByBBS of the file /goform/RP_check…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5445 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 RP_checkFWByBBS os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function RP_checkFWByBBS of the file /goform/RP_checkFWByB…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5444 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 RP_UpgradeFWByBBS os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function RP_UpgradeFWByBBS of the file /gofor…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5443 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 wirelessAdvancedHidden os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. Affected is the function wirelessAdvancedHidden of the file /goform/wirelessAdva…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5442 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 RP_pingGatewayByBBS os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This issue affects the function RP_pingGatewayByBBS of the file /goform/RP_…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5441 EPSS 14%
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 setDeviceURL os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This vulnerability affects the function setDeviceURL of the file /goform/setDeviceURL. The m…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 NTP os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. This affects the function NTP of the file /goform/NTP. The manipulation of the argument…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6500/RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE7000/RE9000 verifyFacebookLike os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function verifyFacebookLike of the file /goform/verify…
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Medium 6.7
An OS Command Injection issue exists in wivia 5 all versions. If this vulnerability is exploited, an arbitrary OS comma…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2025-48047 EPSS 17%
MICI Network Co. Ltd. NetFax Server Command Injection
An authenticated user can perform command injection via unsanitized input to the NetFax Server’s ping functionality via the /test.php endpoint.
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Critical 9.1
Cromwell GitHub Actions Secrets exfiltration via `Issue_comment`
### Summary Using `Issue_comment` on `.github/workflows/scalafmt-fix.yml` an attacker can inject malicious code using `github.event.comment.body`. By exploiting the vulnerability, it is possible to exfiltrate high privileged `GITHUB_TOKEN` which can be used t…
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Critical 9.6
aws-mcp-server MCP server is vulnerable to command injection. An attacker can craft a prompt that once accessed by the …
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High 7.8
Command Injection in LLama-Index CLI in run-llama/llama_index
LLama-Index CLI version v0.12.20 contains an OS command injection vulnerability. The vulnerability arises from the improper handling of the `--files` argument, which is directly passed into `os.system`. An attacker who controls the content of this argument ca…
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High 7.3
Fujian Kelixun Filename fax_view.php os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Fujian Kelixun 1.0. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /app/fax/fax_view.php of the component Filename Handler. The manipulation of the argument fax_file leads to os command injection. It …
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High 8.7
On MOBOTIX P3 cameras before MX-V4.7.2.18 and Mx6 cameras before MX-V5.2.0.61, the tcpdump feature does not properly va…
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Medium 4.8
cli_permissions.conf: deny option does not work for disallowing shell commands
Asterisk is an open-source private branch exchange (PBX). Prior to versions 18.26.2, 20.14.1, 21.9.1, and 22.4.1 of Asterisk and versions 18.9-cert14 and 20.7-cert5 of certified-asterisk, trying to disallow shell commands to be run via the Asterisk command li…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 index.php Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 index.php Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authentication is…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 nwcheckexec.php dest Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 nwcheckexec.php dest Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authen…
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High 8.8
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 check_req.php ntp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 check_req.php ntp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 charging stations. Authentic…
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Medium 6.6
ejson2env has insufficient input sanitization
ejson2env allows users to decrypt EJSON secrets and export them as environment variables. Prior to version 2.0.8, the `ejson2env` tool has a vulnerability related to how it writes to `stdout`. Specifically, the tool is intended to write an export statement fo…
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Medium 5.0
Ackites KillWxapkg wxapkg File Parser unpack.go processFile os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Ackites KillWxapkg up to 2.4.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function processFile of the file internal/unpack/unpack.go of the component wxapkg File Parser. The manipulation leads to os command …
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Medium 6.5
OS Command Injection Vulnerability in eCharge Hardy Barth cPH2 / cPP2 charging stations
Several OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the device firmware in the /var/salia/mqtt.php script. By publishing a specially crafted message to a certain MQTT topic arbitrary OS commands can be executed with root permissions.
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Medium 6.5
AAPanel v7.0.7 was discovered to contain an OS command injection vulnerability.
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Medium 6.8
The Backup Plus extension for TYPO3 (ns_backup) allows command injections
The ns_backup extension through 13.0.0 for TYPO3 allows command injection.
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High 8.8
VMware vCenter Server authenticated command-execution vulnerability
The vCenter Server contains an authenticated command-execution vulnerability. A malicious actor with privileges to create or modify alarms and run script action may exploit this issue to run arbitrary commands on the vCenter Server.
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability in the component /cgi-bin/adm.cgi of Wavlink WL-WN579A3 v1.0 allows attackers to exec…
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability in the component /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi of Wavlink WL-WN579A3 v1.0 allows attackers to…
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Critical 9.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in I-O DATA net…
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High 8.9
motionEye vulnerable to RCE in add_camera Function Due to unsafe command execution
motionEye is an online interface for the software motion, a video surveillance program with motion detection. In versions 0.43.1b1 through 0.43.1b3, using a constructed (camera) device path with the `add`/`add_camera` motionEye web API allows an attacker with…
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High 8.6
iTop server vulnerable to portal code injection
iTop is an web based IT Service Management tool. Prior to versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3, and 3.2.1, server code execution is possible through the frontend of iTop's portal. This is fixed in versions 2.7.12, 3.1.3 and 3.2.1.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2025-43562 EPSS 51%
ColdFusion | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
ColdFusion versions 2025.1, 2023.13, 2021.19 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current us…
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High 7.8
A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions < V2.1 HF0 with SINEMA Remot…
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Critical 10.0
A vulnerability has been identified in OZW672 (All versions < V8.0), OZW772 (All versions < V8.0). The web service in a…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-45858 EPSS 11%
TOTOLINK A3002R v4.0.0-B20230531.1404 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the FUN_00459fdc …
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Medium 5.4
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, low-privil…
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Medium 6.5
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, low-privil…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of the Wireless LAN Controller feature of Cisco IOS XE Software c…
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High 7.1CVE-2025-32821 EPSS 23%
A vulnerability in SMA100 allows a remote authenticated attacker with SSLVPN admin privileges can with admin privileges…
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Medium 5.5
Cisco Catalyst SDWAN Manager Arbitrary File Overwrite Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an authenticated, local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on the local file system of an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker m…