Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,332 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
WRH-733GBK and WRH-733GWH contain an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Inj…
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Critical 9.8
WRH-733GBK and WRH-733GWH contain an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Inj…
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High 8.8
WRC-X3000GS, WRC-X3000GSA, and WRC-X3000GSN contain an improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS comman…
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Critical 9.8
Sapido Wireless Router - OS Command Injection
Multiple wireless router models from Sapido have an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server. The affected models are out of support; replacing the device is r…
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Critical 10.0
Sangfor Endpoint Detection and Response OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the Chinese versions of Sangfor Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) management platform versions 3.2.16, 3.2.17, and 3.2.19. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to construct and send malicious H…
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Critical 10.0
Linksys Routers E/WAG/WAP/WES/WET/WRT-Series
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in various models of E-Series Linksys routers via the /tmUnblock.cgi and /hndUnblock.cgi endpoints over HTTP on port 8080. The CGI scripts improperly process user-supplied input passed to the ttcp_ip parameter with…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2025-34036 EPSS 31%
Shenzhen TVT CCTV-DVR Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in white-labeled DVRs manufactured by TVT, affecting a custom HTTP service called "Cross Web Server" that listens on TCP ports 81 and 82. The web interface fails to sanitize input in the URI path passed to the lang…
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Critical 10.0
EnGenius EnShare IoT Gigabit Cloud Service Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in EnGenius EnShare Cloud Service version 1.4.11 and earlier. The usbinteract.cgi script fails to properly sanitize user input passed to the path parameter, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbit…
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High 7.7
5VTechnologies Blue Angel Software Suite OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the Blue Angel Software Suite running on embedded Linux devices via the ping_addr parameter in the webctrl.cgi script. The application fails to properly sanitize input before passing it to the system-level ping …
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Medium 6.6CVE-2025-2172 EPSS 12%
Aviatrix Controller versions prior to 7.1.4208, 7.2.5090, and 8.0.0 fail to sanitize user input prior to passing the in…
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High 8.4
Meridian Technique Materialise OrthoView through 7.5.1 allows OS Command Injection when servlet sharing is enabled.
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK A3002R formWlSiteSurvey os command injection
A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK A3002R 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. It has been classified as critical. This affects the function formWlSiteSurvey of the file /boafrm/formWlSiteSurvey. The manipulation of the argument wlanif leads to os command injection. It i…
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Critical 10.0
sar2html OS Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in sar2html version 3.2.2 and prior via the plot parameter in index.php. The application fails to sanitize user-supplied input before using it in a system-level context. Remote, unauthenticated attackers can inject…
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Critical 9.4
Edimax EW-7438RPn Mini OS Command Injection via syscmd.asp
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the Edimax EW-7438RPn Mini firmware version 1.13 and prior via the syscmd.asp form handler. The /goform/formSysCmd endpoint exposes a system command interface through the sysCmd parameter. A remote authenticated…
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Critical 9.4
Edimax EW-7438RPn Mini OS Command Injection via mp.asp
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the Edimax EW-7438RPn firmware version 1.13 and prior via the mp.asp form handler. The /goform/mp endpoint improperly handles user-supplied input to the command parameter. An authenticated attacker can inject sh…
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Critical 9.3
MiniDVBLinux Root Command Injection
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in MiniDVBLinux version 5.4 and earlier. The system’s web-based management interface fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before passing it to operating system commands. A remote unauthenticated attacker …
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Medium 5.9
Trustyai-explainability: command injection via lmevaljob cr
A command injection vulnerability was discovered in the TrustyAI Explainability toolkit. Arbitrary commands placed in certain fields of a LMEValJob custom resource (CR) may be executed in the LMEvalJob pod's terminal. This issue can be exploited via a malicio…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2025-6299 EPSS 12%
TOTOLINK N150RT formWSC os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in TOTOLINK N150RT 3.4.0-B20190525. This affects an unknown part of the file /boa/formWSC. The manipulation of the argument targetAPSsid leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack…
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Critical 9.8
There are multiple unauthorized remote command execution vulnerabilities in the H3C ER2200G2, ERG2-450W, ERG2-1200W, ER…
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Critical 9.8
WeGIA OS Command Injection in debug_info.php parameter 'branch'
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to version 3.4.2, an OS Command Injection vulnerability was identified in the /html/configuracao/debug_info.php endpoint. The branch parameter is not properly sanitized before being concatenated and ex…
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High 8.8
Wifi-soft UniBox Controller pms_check.php os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. This affects an unknown part of the file /billing/pms_check.php. The manipulation of the argument ipaddress leads to os command injection. It is possib…
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High 8.8
Wifi-soft UniBox Controller test_accesscodelogin.php os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /billing/test_accesscodelogin.php. The manipulation of the argument Password lead…
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High 8.8
Wifi-soft UniBox Controller logout.php os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Wifi-soft UniBox Controller up to 20250506. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /authentication/logout.php. The manipulation of the argument mac_address leads to os command…
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High 7.2
Some Hikvision Wireless Access Point are vulnerable to authenticated remote command execution due to insufficient input…
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High 8.4
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability Through CLI
A command injection vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS …
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Critical 9.8
Weidmueller: Security routers IE-SR-2TX are affected by Command Injection
For u-link Management API an unauthenticated remote attacker in a man-in-the-middle position can inject arbitrary commands in responses returned by WWH servers, which are then executed with elevated privileges. To get into such a position, clients would need …
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High 7.0
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
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High 7.2
Authenticated RCE in update functionality in Guardian/CMC before 24.6.0
An OS command injection vulnerability within the update functionality may allow an authenticated administrator to execute unauthorized arbitrary OS commands. Users with administrative privileges may upload update packages to upgrade the versions of Nozomi Net…
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Medium 5.5
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
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High 7.3
Zend.To NSSDropoff.php exec os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Zend.To up to 6.10-6 Beta. This issue affects the function exec of the file NSSDropoff.php. The manipulation of the argument file_1 leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated…
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High 8.6
HaxCMS-PHP Command Injection Vulnerability
HAX CMS PHP allows users to manage their microsite universe with a PHP backend. Prior to version 11.0.3, the `gitImportSite` functionality obtains a URL string from a POST request and insufficiently validates user input. The `set_remote` function later passes…
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High 8.7
QTS, QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained user access to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerabili…
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Low 2.4
QHora
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QHora. If an attacker gains local network access who have also gained an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vuln…
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High 8.8
File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted file name
File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted filename. A file handle is opened with the 2 argument form of `open()` allowing an attacker controlled filename to provide the MODE parameter t…
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Critical 9.4
Atheos Improper Input Validation Vulnerability Enables RCE in Common.php
Atheos is a self-hosted browser-based cloud integrated development environment. Prior to version 6.0.4, improper use of `escapeshellcmd()` in `/components/codegit/traits/execute.php` allows argument injection, leading to arbitrary command execution. Atheos ad…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-816 qosClassifier os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function qosClassifier of the file /goform/qosClassifier. The manipulation of the argument dip_address/sip_address leads to os command…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-816 setipsec_config os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DIR-816 1.10CNB05. Affected is the function setipsec_config of the file /goform/setipsec_config. The manipulation of the argument localIP/remoteIP leads to os command injection. It is poss…
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5573 EPSS 16%
D-Link DCS-932L setSystemWizard setSystemControl os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DCS-932L 2.18.01. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function setSystemWizard/setSystemControl of the file /setSystemWizard. The manipulation of the argument AdminID leads to os command injection. …
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Medium 6.3CVE-2025-5571 EPSS 16%
D-Link DCS-932L setSystemAdmin os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DCS-932L 2.18.01. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function setSystemAdmin of the file /setSystemAdmin. The manipulation of the argument AdminID leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the…
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Medium 5.6
Jrohy trojan linux.go LogChan os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Jrohy trojan up to 2.15.3. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function LogChan of the file trojan/util/linux.go. The manipulation of the argument c leads to os command injection. The attack can be ini…