Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,318 results · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 setLinksysIpv6 os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. This affects the function setLinksysIpv6 of the file /goform/setLinksysIpv6. The manipulation of the argument _6rd_prefix/_6rd_prefix_len results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remot…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 setDMZ os command injection
A weakness has been identified in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. The affected element is the function setDMZ of the file /goform/setDMZ. Executing a manipulation of the argument MAC_addr can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The e…
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Critical 9.9
Linksys E1700 Static Route addStaticRoute os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Linksys E1700 1.0.0.4.003. Impacted is the function addStaticRoute of the file /goform/addStaticRoute of the component Static Route Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument staticRoute_IP_setting/staticRoute_Ne…
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High 7.8
Command Injection in Ministry of Justice's UYAP Document Editor
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Ministry of Justice General Directorate of Information Technology UYAP Document Editor on Windows and Linux and Ministry of Justice General Directorate…
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High 7.8
mac-shell-mcp before 2.0.0 OS Command Injection via execute_command Arguments
mac-shell-mcp before 2.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows MCP clients to bypass the command whitelist by injecting shell metacharacters into execute_command arguments. Attackers or malicious prompts can call a safe command such as …
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition from 17.0 through 17.5
An OS Command Injection vulnerability affecting Tuleap Enterprise Edition from 17.0 through 17.5 could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server.
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Medium 5.5
agno-agi agno CodingTools coding.py agno.CodingTools.run_shell os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in agno-agi agno up to 3.0.9. Affected by this issue is the function agno.CodingTools.run_shell in the library libs/agno/agno/tools/coding.py of the component CodingTools. This manipulation of the argument command causes os comm…
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Critical 10.0
TRENDnet TEW-751DR/TEW-752DRU/TEW733GR Web Management Backend pigwidgeon.cgi fwrite os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-751DR, TEW-752DRU and TEW733GR 1.03B01/1.03B03. Affected is the function fwrite of the file pigwidgeon.cgi of the component Web Management Backend. The manipulation of the argument service results in os command inj…
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High 7.0
pbi-cli 3.10.1 through 3.12.0 OS Command Injection via Desktop Sync
pbi-cli 3.10.1 through 3.12.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in desktop_sync.py that passes unquoted .pbip paths to cmd /c start when reopening projects. Attackers can lure victims into opening a Power BI project from a space-free path contain…
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Critical 10.0
TOZED X300 IPPingDiagnostics process_ping os command injection
A vulnerability was found in TOZED X300 up to 6.01.3. This vulnerability affects the function process_ping of the component IPPingDiagnostics Handler. The manipulation of the argument Host results in os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. …
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Critical 9.9
OpenSpug File Transfer transfer os command injection
A flaw has been found in OpenSpug Spug up to 3.4.0/4.0.1. This impacts an unknown function of the file /exec/transfer of the component File Transfer. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit h…
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High 7.5
Spotweb through 1.5.8 OS Command Injection via Spot Title in Runcommand Integration
Spotweb through 1.5.8 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the runcommand NZB handler that allows remote attackers to execute commands by publishing spots with malicious titles. Attackers can post self-signed spots over Usenet with shell metachar…
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High 7.5
FusionPBX through 5.6.5 OS Command Injection via Caller ID in Recording ZIP Download
FusionPBX through 5.6.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in call_recordings::download() that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute commands by placing calls with malicious caller ID values. When the record_name filename template is enabled…
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High 8.4
ExifTool for photo and video 5.0.1 - Local OS command injection through filenames during CSV export
ExifTool for photo and video 5.0.1-gms by CellHubs constructs shell command strings from file paths and invokes /system/bin/sh -c. In the CSV-export path, the selected media path is merely surrounded with single quotes; embedded single quotes are not escaped.
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High 8.8CVE-2026-55797 Public exploit
Argo CD repo-server command injection via crafted SSH repository SOCKS5 proxy URL
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. From 2.11.0 until 3.3.15, 3.4.10, 3.5.4, and 3.6.0-rc2, the Argo CD repo-server is vulnerable to command injection when it clones, tests, or fetches an SSH Git repository configured wit…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Netcore B11 Enterprise-level full Gigabit 9-port shop wireless router v1.3.241114.024540 and before allows …
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High 8.1
IBM Guardium Data Protection is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2.2, and 12.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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Critical 9.8
Dromara Skyeye Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via textToSpeech format Parameter
Dromara Skyeye through commit 003549ae5615bd114ba5bb8ddf6a8e8ead97c321 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the unauthenticated /post/TtsController/textToSpeech endpoint via the format parameter. Attackers can inject a single quote into format to…
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Critical 9.9
Command Injection
A command injection vulnerability in the Active Directory Events Listener of Tenable Identity Exposure (SaaS) allows an authenticated, low-privileged attacker to execute arbitrary commands as SYSTEM on the PDCe.
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High 7.2
IBM Guardium Data Protection Command Injection
IBM Guardium Data Protection 12.2 is affected by a command injection vulnerability in the SUID-root ssh_config_wrapper component. An authenticated high-privileged user can inject arbitrary commands through attacker-controlled arguments, resulting in command e…
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Critical 9.8
image_optimizer 1.3.0 through 1.9.0 OS Command Injection via identify_format
The image_optimizer Ruby gem 1.3.0 through 1.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in ImageOptimizer#identify_format that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted image path when the identify option is enabled. Attackers contro…
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Critical 9.8
@enmaso/node-convert through 1.0.0 OS Command Injection via filepath and convertTo
@enmaso/node-convert through 1.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in convert.js that allows attackers to execute shell commands via unsanitized filepath and convertTo arguments. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters or a single quote into …
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Critical 9.8
ppt2png through 0.0.6 OS Command Injection via input and output paths
ppt2png through 0.0.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute operating system commands by supplying unsanitized input or output path arguments. Attackers can append shell metacharacters such as ';' to file names passed…
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High 8.7
In OpenStack Mistral through 23.0.0, the std.ssh_proxied action passes a caller-supplied proxy_command value directly t…
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Medium 6.1
League CommonMark 1.3.0 before 2.10.2 Stored XSS via DisallowedRawHtml Bypass
League CommonMark from 1.3.0 before 2.10.2 contains a cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows users posting Markdown to bypass the DisallowedRawHtml extension by ending raw HTML with a bare disallowed tag name. Attackers can place a lone <script or <if…
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Critical 9.8
Iskratel Innbox Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via login.xgi CLI Parameter
OS Command Injection in the login.xgi CGI endpoint in Iskratel Innbox GPON ONT devices allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root via the CLI parameter.
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Critical 9.8
Openfind｜SecuShare Pro - OS Command Injection
The SecuShare Pro developed by Openfind has an OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Medium 5.4
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module) session cleanup routines duri…
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Medium 5.4
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the account management subsystem of Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9…
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High 8.5
A command injection vulnerability exists in the WebTools administrative interface handling configuration download or fi…
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High 8.5
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the REST API management interface of Brocade Fabric OS versions before …
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High 7.0
Brocade Fabric versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 through 10.0.0a1 handling of specific download protocols utilizes unsa…
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High 8.6
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the time and zone management subsystem of Brocade Fabric OS versions be…
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High 7.3
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the configuration management subsystem of Brocade Fabric OS versions be…
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High 8.5
A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the system logging daemon of Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2…
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High 7.0
An OS command injection vulnerability exists in maintenance command-line diagnostic utilities on Brocade Fabric OS vers…
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High 8.6
Multiple OS Command Injection vulnerabilities exist in the management interface and session processing routines of Broc…
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High 8.5
A command injection vulnerability in the REST API management interface of Brocade Fabric OS versions before 10.0.1 allo…
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Medium 4.9
Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based user interface of Cisco License On-Prem, formerly Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem (SSM On-Prem), could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. This vulnera…
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High 7.7
Backstage: Configuration bypass in TechDocs mkdocs.yml sanitization
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by configuration bypass in techdocs mkdocs.yml sanitization. Insufficient validation of MkDocs configuration during TechDoc…