Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,318 results · Feed
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High 8.8
@runnerty/executor-decompress through 3.1.1 OS Command Injection via Archive File Name
@runnerty/executor-decompress through 3.1.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted archive file names to compress_file. Attackers who can name a file dropped into a watched directory can i…
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Critical 9.8
Whisper-node through 1.1.1 OS Command Injection via filePath and language
Whisper-node through 1.1.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted filePath or whisperOptions.language values to whisper(). Attackers can inject shell metacharacters or $() substitution int…
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Critical 9.8
@mborne/extract before 0.2.1 OS Command Injection via archivePath and targetDir
@mborne/extract before 0.2.1 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying shell metacharacters in archivePath or targetDir options. Attackers controlling these values passed to extract() can inject comm…
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High 7.8
buildebooks before 0.2.2 OS Command Injection via kindlegen EPUB File Name
buildebooks before 0.2.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in lib/kindle.js that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted EPUB file name passed to kindlegen via child_process.exec. Attackers can craft a book project with a mali…
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Critical 9.8
doc-recog through 1.1.6 OS Command Injection via DocData._readPDF File Path
doc-recog through 1.1.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted document paths to recog() or tag(). Attackers can embed $(...) or backtick command substitution in the file path, which DocDa…
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Critical 9.8
pypdftk through 0.5 OS Command Injection via PDF and Output Paths
pypdftk through 0.5 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in fill_form(), dump_data_fields(), and pdftk_cmd_util() that builds shell commands from caller-supplied paths. Attackers controlling pdf_path or out_file can inject shell metacharacters inter…
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Critical 9.8
webp-converter before 3.0.0 OS Command Injection via File Names and Options
webp-converter before 3.0.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in src/webpconverter.js helpers that run libwebp binaries via execFile with shell enabled. Attackers controlling file names or option strings passed to cwebp, dwebp, gwebp, or webpmux …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-110634 Public exploit
git-diff before 2.0.7 OS Command Injection via gitDiff Input Strings
git-diff before 2.0.7 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands by supplying crafted strings to the gitDiff API. Attackers who control a diffed document string can embed $(cmd) or backtick substitutions tha…
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Critical 9.8
office-converter through 1.0.2 OS Command Injection via fileName in generatePdf
office-converter through 1.0.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying a crafted fileName to generatePdf() or generateHtml(). Attackers can embed $(...), backticks, or a closing quote with shell me…
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Medium 6.6
Dell Unisphere for PowerMax vApp, version(s) 9.2.4.x, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in…
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Critical 9.8
OS Command in TR7 Cyber Defense's TR7 ASP
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TR7 Cyber Defense Inc. TR7 ASP on virtual appliance and TR7 Cyber Defense Inc. TR7 ASP on physical appliance allows OS Command Injection. This issu…
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Low 3.8
HPE NonStop Java JToolkit - Command Injection and buffer overflow vulnerability
A security vulnerability in HPE NonStop Java JToolkit can allow command Injection and buffer overflow.
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High 8.8
Koha authenticated OS command injection in tools/scheduler.pl via the jobid parameter when deleting a scheduled task
Koha is vulnerable to OS command injection in the Task Scheduler deletion path. The tools/scheduler.pl handler accepts the jobid request parameter for op=cud-delete and passes it to C4::Scheduler::remove_at_job without validating it. Schedule::At::remove subs…
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High 7.8CVE-2026-106931 Exploited
SiteGuard Server Edition contains an OS command injection vulnerability, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitra…
KEV Oct 20, 2026 -
High 8.0
NetBird client SSH config Match line injection via peer FQDN or hostname allows local command execution
Improper neutralization of special elements in the NetBird client SSH configuration manager (client/ssh/config/manager.go) in NetBird versions 0.60.0 through 0.74.6 allows a malicious or compromised peer to execute arbitrary commands on other NetBird client h…
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Critical 9.2
Collabora Online Built-in CODE Server before 26.4.303 (richdocumentscode), a Nextcloud app, allows remote code executio…
KEV Oct 23, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
Samsung QA-Board — Unauthenticated OS command injection via output redo/tuning
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Samsung Open Source QA-Board allows : OS Command Injection.
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Medium 6.7
The Akamai Guardicore Platform Agent (GPA) before 7.4 for macOS is affected by a local privilege escalation vulnerabili…
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Medium 6.9
Persistent Command Execution
Vulnerability in Citrix UniconOS leading to Persistent Command Execution This issue affects UniconOS: before 2607.2 CR and before 2603 LTSR CU2.
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Critical 9.9
Adobe Experience Manager | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Adobe Experience Manager is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker cou…
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High 8.8
Moghtech Komodo contains an OS command injection vulnerability
The `periphery` agent's container-management functionality of Komodo version 2.2.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability. An authenticated low-privileged user with `Execute`, or `Read` plus `Logs`, permission on a managed server can supply shell meta…
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High 7.0
VNote: Argument injection to arbitrary command execution via crafted note filename in external-program handling
VNote is a note-taking platform. Prior to 4.3.0, SessionConfig::ExternalProgram::fetchCommand wraps a note path in double quotes and substitutes it into a command string that QProcess::start(const QString&) reparses into arguments through ProcessUtils::startD…
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High 7.3
MultiTail: Shell injection in execute-on-match command handling
MultiTail is a utility for monitoring multiple log files in one terminal. In version 7.1.5 and earlier, the -ex and -eX execute-on-match feature appended attacker-controlled matched input to a configured command inside double quotes, then check_filter_exec() …
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High 7.3
Azure CycleCloud Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Azure CycleCloud allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
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High 7.0
KDE Dolphin 24.08.0 through 26.08.2 OS Command Injection via Crafted Folder Name
KDE Dolphin 24.08.0 through 26.08.2 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by supplying crafted folder names substituted into the {path} placeholder. Attackers can embed a double quote and shell metacharacters…
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High 7.8
rovr through 0.10.3 OS Command Injection via Unquoted Path to cmd.exe
Rovr through 0.10.3 on Windows contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by crafting malicious file names. Attackers can deliver a file named with shell metacharacters like & alongside a payload, which runs with …
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Medium 5.3
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet …
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High 8.8
odt2spip < 4.4.0 OS Command Injection via Document Filename
odt2spip plugin for SPIP before 4.4.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated authors to execute arbitrary commands by uploading a document with a maliciously crafted filename through the document import form. Attackers can em…
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High 8.8
heym Python Tool Sandbox Escape
Heym builds and runs agentic systems and business-process automations on self-hosted infrastructure. Prior to 0.0.40, an authenticated user who can create or edit a workflow with an Agent custom Python tool can bypass the blacklist-based sandbox in backend/ap…
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Critical 9.3
CVFS Command Execution
CVFS contained an input validation issue affecting command execution. Software customers upgrade to resolved maintenance release. Update CVFS.
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Critical 10.0
Wavlink WL-WN592AX6 wmapd system os command injection
A flaw has been found in Wavlink WL-WN592AX6 250422. This issue affects the function system of the component wmapd Daemon. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published …
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Critical 9.9
Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A uploadVpn.cgi popen os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-WN530BE1-A 251117. This affects the function popen of the file /cgi-bin/uploadVpn.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument Type leads to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The …
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High 8.5
Teltonika Command Injection in Backup function
Command injection in the backup function in Teltonika Networks RUTOS 7.22 before 7.24.6 and 7.25 before 7.25.2 (RUT, RUTX, RUTM, RUTC, ATRM, CAP, OXA, DAP, TRB, OTD, and EBG devices), RUTOS 7.22 before 7.25.2 (TAP devices), and TSWOS 1.9 before 1.10.4 (TSW an…
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Medium 5.9
OS Command Injection in Yeoman-UI / Application Wizard Extension for VS Code
The affected code used child_process.execSync with a shell string for generator installation and uninstallation. This allowed an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands with the developer's privileges by manipulating the ApplicationWizard.installationLocati…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-104584 Public exploit
reNgine up to v2.2.0 and current master branch (commit de4199222cca5618f1255930ce78987e47d43a99) is vulnerable to OS Co…
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High 8.8
DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data Command Injection
IBM DataStage on Cloud Pak for Data 5.4.0.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command.
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High 8.7
IBM Maximo Application Suite - Location Service for Esri Component Code Execution
IBM Maximo Application Suite - Location Service for Esri Component 9.2, 9.1, and 9.0 is vulnerable to command injection due to improper sanitisation of a user-controlled value passed to a shell command in a Kubernetes operator task.
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Critical 9.8
GPT-SoVITS through 20250606v2pro OS Command Injection via UVR5 vr.py
GPT-SoVITS through 20250606v2pro contains an OS command injection vulnerability in tools/uvr5/vr.py that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute commands via output folder paths. Attackers can enter shell substitutions like $(...) in the UVR5 WebUI output…
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High 8.1
easy-pdf-merge 0.1.0 through 0.2.6 OS Command Injection via merge function
easy-pdf-merge 0.1.0 through 0.2.6 contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute commands by injecting shell metacharacters into source paths, destination path, or maxHeap option. Attackers can supply file names or options co…
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High 8.8
Grav Git Sync 1.0.2 through 3.4.12 Command Injection via Commit Author
Grav Git Sync 1.0.2 through 3.4.12 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows authenticated content editors to execute OS commands by injecting shell substitutions into profile fields. When the gravuser or gravfull author mode is enabled, attacker…