Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
37 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-58868 Public exploit
In onOutputReceived of FrameDecoder.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This co…
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Critical 9.5CVE-2026-97631 Public exploit
Pre-boot RCE in EDK II PXE driver
EDK2 contains a vulnerability in BIOS where a user may cause “Out-of-bounds Write”, Classic Buffer Overflow, and “Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size” by remote access. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution. It co…
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Critical 9.2
Out-of-Bounds Write in Google Brotli Decoder
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Brotli decoder (c/dec/decode.c) in Google Brotli versions 1.0.3 through 1.2.0 on all platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt adjacent decoder state memory, disclose sensitive memory contents, cause …
KEV Oct 27, 2026 -
Critical 9.2CVE-2026-112398 Public exploit
Pillow: Heap buffer overflow in FlashPix (FPX) JPEG decoding leads to code execution
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 13.0.0, Pillow's FlashPix JPEG-tile decoder can write decoded scanlines beyond the allocated tile buffer. FlashPix (FPX) JPEG decoding selects raw mode LA with two bytes per pixel, while an unrecognized JPEG mode c…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-100740 Public exploit
D-Link DIR-895L L2TP Control Channel tunnel.c tunnel_set_params out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-895L A1_102b07. Impacted is the function tunnel_set_params of the file tunnel.c of the component L2TP Control Channel Parser. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remo…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-84383 Public exploit
libheif: Heap buffer overflow in `scale_nearest_neighbor()` via duplicate Alpha planes from nested `iden`/`auxl` items
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.22.0 until 1.23.2, a crafted HEIF, HEIC, or AVIF item graph using nested iden and auxl references can make HeifPixelImage::transfer_channel_from_image_as() append duplicate Alpha planes with d…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-43501 Public exploit
ipv6: rpl: reserve mac_len headroom when recompressed SRH grows
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: rpl: reserve mac_len headroom when recompressed SRH grows ipv6_rpl_srh_rcv() decompresses an RFC 6554 Source Routing Header, swaps the next segment into ipv6_hdr->daddr, recompresses, t…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-31402 Public exploit
nfsd: fix heap overflow in NFSv4.0 LOCK replay cache
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: fix heap overflow in NFSv4.0 LOCK replay cache The NFSv4.0 replay cache uses a fixed 112-byte inline buffer (rp_ibuf[NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE]) to store encoded operation responses. This size…
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Critical 9.3
WatchGuard Firebox iked Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the WatchGuard Fireware OS iked process may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects both the mobile user VPN with IKEv2 and the branch office VPN using IKEv2 when co…
KEV Dec 19, 2025 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-54957 Public exploit
An issue was discovered in Dolby UDC 4.5 through 4.13. A crash of the DD+ decoder process can occur when a malformed DD…
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Critical 9.3
WatchGuard Firebox iked Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the WatchGuard Fireware OS iked process may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects both the mobile user VPN with IKEv2 and the branch office VPN using IKEv2 when co…
KEV Nov 12, 2025 -
Critical 9.3CVE-2010-20115 Public exploit
Vermillion FTP <= 1.31 Daemon PORT Command Memory Corruption
Arcane Software’s Vermillion FTP Daemon (vftpd) versions up to and including 1.31 contains a memory corruption vulnerability triggered by a malformed FTP PORT command. The flaw arises from an out-of-bounds array access during input parsing, allowing an attack…
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Critical 10.0
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS …
KEV Aug 21, 2025 -
Critical 10.0CVE-2025-34105 Public exploit
DiskBoss Enterprise Stack-Based Buffer Overflow RCE
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the built-in web interface of DiskBoss Enterprise versions 7.4.28, 7.5.12, and 8.2.14. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking on the path component of HTTP GET requests. By sending a specia…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-29384 Public exploit
In Tenda AC9 v1.0 V15.03.05.14_multi, the wanMTU parameter of /goform/AdvSetMacMtuWan has a stack overflow vulnerabilit…
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Critical 10.0
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in…
KEV Mar 13, 2025 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-24118 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iPadOS 17.7.4, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS …
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Critical 9.8
Exim AUTH Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Exim AUTH Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists w…
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Critical 9.8
An attacker was able to perform an out-of-bounds read or write on a JavaScript object by fooling range-based bounds che…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2023-42789 Public exploit
A out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0.0…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2024-0039 Public exploit
In attp_build_value_cmd of att_protocol.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This…
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Critical 9.8
In wlan service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote co…
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Critical 9.6
A out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiOS 7.0.0…
KEV Feb 9, 2024 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2023-31488 Public exploit
Hyland Perceptive Filters releases before 2023-12-08 (e.g., 11.4.0.2647), as used in Cisco IronPort Email Security Appl…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2023-33669 Public exploit
Tenda AC8V4.0-V16.03.34.06 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the timeZone parameter in the sub_44db3c func…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2023-33476 Public exploit
ReadyMedia (MiniDLNA) versions from 1.1.15 up to 1.3.2 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. The vulnerability is caused by…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2023-28753 Public exploit
netconsd prior to v0.2 was vulnerable to an integer overflow in its parse_packet function. A malicious individual could…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2022-45460 Public exploit
Multiple Xiongmai NVR devices, including MBD6304T V4.02.R11.00000117.10001.131900.00000 and NBD6808T-PL V4.02.R11.C7431…
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Critical 9.8
Tenda AC500 V2.0.1.9(1307) is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in function fromAddressNat via parameters entrys and mitInt…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2022-41220 Public exploit
md2roff 1.9 has a stack-based buffer overflow via a Markdown file, a different vulnerability than CVE-2022-34913. NOTE:…
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Critical 9.8
RSA implementation bug in AVX512IFMA instructions
The OpenSSL 3.0.4 release introduced a serious bug in the RSA implementation for X86_64 CPUs supporting the AVX512IFMA instructions. This issue makes the RSA implementation with 2048 bit private keys incorrect on such machines and memory corruption will happe…
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Critical 9.0
Serv-U Remote Memory Escape Vulnerability
Microsoft discovered a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the SolarWinds Serv-U product utilizing a Remote Memory Escape Vulnerability. If exploited, a threat actor may be able to gain privileged access to the machine hosting Serv-U Only. SolarWinds…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.6
Heap buffer overflow in CefSharp
Heap buffer overflow in Freetype in Google Chrome prior to 86.0.4240.111 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 10.0
Vulnerability in the Oracle Solaris product of Oracle Systems (component: Pluggable authentication module). Supported v…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
OpenSLP as used in ESXi and the Horizon DaaS appliances has a heap overwrite issue. VMware has evaluated the severity o…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Netatalk before 3.1.12 is vulnerable to an out of bounds write in dsi_opensess.c. This is due to lack of bounds checkin…
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Critical 9.8
Heap-based buffer overflow in the string_vformat function in string.c in Exim before 4.70 allows remote attackers to ex…
KEV Mar 25, 2022