Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
755 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Windows LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in Windows LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.8
Windows Search Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in Microsoft Windows Search Component allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.1
FreeSWITCH: Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in mod_xml_rpc WebSocket frame length handling
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, ws_read_frame() decoded a WebSocket frame's 64-bit extended…
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Critical 9.1
Insufficient length validation in the GNSS firmware loader may lead to corruption of kernel memory.
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Critical 9.8
In the Samsung Exynos ENN NeuralNetworks HAL, improper input validation during request processing can cause memory corr…
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Critical 9.8
Out-of-bounds memory access in a device driver due to improper resource state tracking.
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Critical 9.3
ESF-IDF: Unvalidated Stack Pointer at the ESP-TEE Privilege-Switch Boundary
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. From 5.5.5 until 5.5.6, 6.0.4, and 6.1.1, the esp_tee trap entry in esp_tee_vectors_plic.S and esp_tee_vectors_clic.S saves a caller-controlled register frame through the REE-supplied st…
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Critical 9.8
FreeRDP before 3.32.2 Proxy Out-of-Bounds Write via Bitmap Cache v2 Capability
FreeRDP before 3.32.2 has an out-of-bounds write in the proxy because rdp_read_bitmap_cache_v2_capability_set rejects only numCellCaches values above 5, yet the bitmap cache v2 cell array is later accessed at fixed indices 0 through 4. A client connecting to …
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in WebGL in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to execute…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 157.0.8103.38 allowed a remote attacker to potenti…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-58868 Public exploit
In onOutputReceived of FrameDecoder.cpp, there is a possible out-of-bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This co…
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Critical 9.2
Botan: Integer overflow when reporting block size in FFI can cause memory corruption
Botan is a C++ cryptography library. From 2.1.0 until 3.13.0, the Botan C API function botan_block_cipher_block_size converted a size_t block size to int without a bounds check. In an application that accepts external algorithm parameter strings and uses the …
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Critical 9.3
Out-of-bounds write when parsing AR Vendor Block requests
P-Net before 1.0.3, when built with PNET_OPTION_AR_VENDOR_BLOCKS enabled, parses a data length from a field of the ARVendorBlock request that is not part of the block definition and uses it as the number of bytes to copy into a fixed-size buffer, without comp…
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Heap Buffer Overflow in AD Authentication Service Allows Pre-Authentication Remote Code Execution
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Fireware OS authentication service allows an attacker who controls or intercepts traffic to the configured Active Directory server to create a denial of service condition and potentially execute arbitrary code…
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Critical 9.1
Fireware OS Stack Buffer Overflow in Logging Service Allows Remote Code Execution
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the Fireware OS logging service allows a network-adjacent attacker who can impersonate or intercept traffic to the configured log server to execute arbitrary code with root privileges by presenting a specially cr…
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Pre-Authentication Integer Overflow in Access Portal Allows Out-of-Bounds Write
An integer overflow vulnerability in the WebSocket connection handling used by WatchGuard Fireware OS's Access Portal allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to write beyond the bounds of a heap buffer by sending a specially crafted request while the Access…
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Pre-Authentication Stack Buffer Overflow in SIP Proxy Allows Remote Code Execution
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fireware OS's SIP proxy allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending a specially crafted request through a policy that uses the SIP proxy.
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Critical 9.5
Fireware OS Stack Buffer Overflow in WireGuard Configuration Allows Remote Code Execution
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fireware OS's WireGuard configuration processing allows a remote attacker that has man-in-the-middle TLS-decrypted access between the Firebox and WatchGuard Cloud to create a Denial of Service condition and poten…
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Critical 9.4
Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability in JP1 Products
Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability in JP1 Products. This issue affects JP1/Integrated Management 3 - Manager: from 13-00 before 13-50-31; JP1/Automatic Job Management System 3 - Manager: from 13-00 before 13-50-31; JP1/Automatic Job Management System 3 - Agent…
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Critical 9.8
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2…
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Critical 9.8
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, …
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Critical 9.5CVE-2026-97631 Public exploit
Pre-boot RCE in EDK II PXE driver
EDK2 contains a vulnerability in BIOS where a user may cause “Out-of-bounds Write”, Classic Buffer Overflow, and “Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size” by remote access. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to arbitrary code execution. It co…
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Critical 9.2
Out-of-Bounds Write in Google Brotli Decoder
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the Brotli decoder (c/dec/decode.c) in Google Brotli versions 1.0.3 through 1.2.0 on all platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt adjacent decoder state memory, disclose sensitive memory contents, cause …
KEV Oct 27, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
Pillow multi-frame loaders can reuse stale native image storage after mode transitions
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 11.0.0 until 13.0.0, multi-frame loaders can retain an ImagingCore allocation created for a narrow frame mode while a later frame of the same dimensions changes the logical mode and decoder tiles to wider RGB or CMYK d…
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Critical 9.0
Multiple Cisco Products Snort 3 Software Hardening Release: October 2026
As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco owned Open Source Snort 3 Software engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in software hardening releases that add…
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Critical 9.1
Apache bRPC: Out-of-Bounds Write in Redis Command Parser
The Redis server command parser in Apache bRPC accepts an empty RESP array as a command header. A remote unauthenticated attacker who can reach a bRPC server with Redis service enabled can send an empty array header followed by a bulk string, causing an out-o…
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Critical 9.3
Out-of-bounds Write via an Unbounded RSA Modulus in NetX Secure X.509
The X.509 parser in NetX Secure accepts an RSA public key of any size, but every signature-verification path decrypts into fixed-size buffers dimensioned for the `NX_CRYPTO_MAX_RSA_MODULUS_SIZE` default of 4096 bits. A certificate carrying a larger modulus dr…
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Critical 9.2CVE-2026-112398 Public exploit
Pillow: Heap buffer overflow in FlashPix (FPX) JPEG decoding leads to code execution
Pillow is a Python imaging library. Prior to 13.0.0, Pillow's FlashPix JPEG-tile decoder can write decoded scanlines beyond the allocated tile buffer. FlashPix (FPX) JPEG decoding selects raw mode LA with two bytes per pixel, while an unrecognized JPEG mode c…
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Critical 9.1
RIOT: Potential integer overflow in nanocoap Block2 handling leading to out-of-bounds memory access
RIOT is an open-source microcontroller operating system designed for Internet of Things devices and other embedded systems. Prior to 2026.07, nanocoap accepts oversized CoAP Block2 option values without enforcing the 20-bit maximum block number, allowing bloc…
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Critical 9.9
MariaDB: Out-of-bound buffer write on in `ST_AsText` of nested GeometryCollections
MariaDB server is a community developed fork of MySQL server. From 10.6.1 until 10.6.28, 10.11.19, 11.4.13, 11.8.9, 12.3.3, and 13.0.2, ST_AsText can write beyond an allocated output buffer when converting deeply nested GeometryCollections because recursive W…
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Critical 9.3
When a TLS 1.3 client processes a HelloRetryRequest, it copies the server's cookie into its second ClientHello without …
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Critical 9.8
RPC Runtime Library Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in RPC Runtime allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.8
Windows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in Windows Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.8
Windows iSCSI Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in Windows iSCSI allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.8
OOB Read/Write via Negative Array Index in exllamav3_ext Kernel Table
ExLlamaV3’s EXL3 loader uses an untrusted, model-supplied index to select a CUDA kernel without first verifying that the index is within bounds. A malicious model can force the code to read and invoke an out‑of‑range function pointer, resulting in a reproduci…
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Critical 9.8
Apache DataSketches: datasketches-cpp: Out-of-bounds read and write in the CPC sketch deserialization allows memory corruption via a crafted sketch
Out-of-bounds read and write in the CPC sketch deserialization of Apache DataSketches C++ (repo: datasketches-cpp). A crafted serialized CPC sketch passed to cpc_sketch::deserialize(), from either a byte buffer or a stream, can cause the decompressor to read …
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Critical 9.1
Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in FalkorDB Bolt WebSocket frame handling via unbounded payload length
A heap-based out-of-bounds write in the ws_read_frame function (src/bolt/ws.c) and the buffer_apply_mask function (src/bolt/buffer.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service and possibly corrupt heap mem…
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Critical 9.8
Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in FalkorDB Bolt BoltReadHandler via RESET message
A heap-based out-of-bounds write in the BoltReadHandler function (src/bolt/bolt_api.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code by sending a Bolt RESET message with an …
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 vulnerable to buffer overflow.
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. A local user could overflow the buffer and execute arbit…