Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
761 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
OOB Read/Write via Negative Array Index in exllamav3_ext Kernel Table
ExLlamaV3’s EXL3 loader uses an untrusted, model-supplied index to select a CUDA kernel without first verifying that the index is within bounds. A malicious model can force the code to read and invoke an out‑of‑range function pointer, resulting in a reproduci…
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Critical 9.8
Apache DataSketches: datasketches-cpp: Out-of-bounds read and write in the CPC sketch deserialization allows memory corruption via a crafted sketch
Out-of-bounds read and write in the CPC sketch deserialization of Apache DataSketches C++ (repo: datasketches-cpp). A crafted serialized CPC sketch passed to cpc_sketch::deserialize(), from either a byte buffer or a stream, can cause the decompressor to read …
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Critical 9.1
Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in FalkorDB Bolt WebSocket frame handling via unbounded payload length
A heap-based out-of-bounds write in the ws_read_frame function (src/bolt/ws.c) and the buffer_apply_mask function (src/bolt/buffer.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service and possibly corrupt heap mem…
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Critical 9.8
Pre-authentication heap out-of-bounds write in FalkorDB Bolt BoltReadHandler via RESET message
A heap-based out-of-bounds write in the BoltReadHandler function (src/bolt/bolt_api.c) in FalkorDB before 4.20.0 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code by sending a Bolt RESET message with an …
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 vulnerable to buffer overflow.
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. A local user could overflow the buffer and execute arbit…
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write.
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Critical 9.8
IBM DataPower Gateway Out-of-bounds Write
IBM DataPower Gateway 10.5.0.0 through 10.5.0.22, 10.6.1 through 10.6.6, 10.6.0.0 through 10.6.0.10, and 11.0.0.0 through 11.0.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write in the RFC2047 encoded-word parser.
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Critical 9.8
Cisco NX-OS Software Security Hardening Release: October 2026 - Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerabilities
As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco NX-OS engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally d…
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Critical 9.3
Out-of-bounds write via the TLS 1.3 handshake message cache in NetX Duo in Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo 6.5.1.202602 allows…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in Media in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.39 allowed a remote attacker to potentially execute a…
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Critical 9.1
Oracle VM VirtualBox before 7.2.8 allows guest OS users to cause an out-of-bounds write in the host OS in pcnetReceiveN…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in WebGL in Google Chrome prior to 154.0.8037.97 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary cod…
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Critical 9.8
Pexip Infinity before 38.2, plus 39.0, 39.1 and 40.0, is affected by improper input validation that allows a remote att…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 154.0.8037.57 allowed a remote attacker to potentially execute a…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in WebGL in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 154.0.8037.57 allowed a remote attacker to potenti…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in GPU in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 154.0.8037.57 allowed a remote attacker to potential…
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Critical 9.3
NetX Duo's WebSocket client resets the unmasking cursor to the first `NX_PACKET` each time it advances through a chaine…
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Critical 9.0
Out-of-bounds write in Das U-Boot
Das U-Boot with CONFIG_IP_DEFRAG=y parameter fails to clear IP reassembly state after delivering a complete datagram. An attacker who can deliver fragmented IP traffic can execute arbitrary code by sending duplicated last-fragment IP packets. This issue was f…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-100740 Public exploit
D-Link DIR-895L L2TP Control Channel tunnel.c tunnel_set_params out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-895L A1_102b07. Impacted is the function tunnel_set_params of the file tunnel.c of the component L2TP Control Channel Parser. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remo…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-825 rp-l2tp tunnel.c tunnel_set_params out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-825 3.00b32. Affected is the function tunnel_set_params of the file tunnel.c of the component rp-l2tp. The manipulation of the argument peer_hostname leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remot…
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Critical 9.8
QuickJS commit 04be24600 contains a heap out-of-bounds write condition in JS_ReadFunctionTag().
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Critical 9.8
Out-of-bounds write in lwIP TCP/IP Stack MQTT Client Application
lwIP TCP/IP Stack MQTT is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an attacker to gain full code execution on the device.
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Critical 9.2
Fluent Bit: Remote stack buffer overflow in Fluent Bit `out_forward` Secure-Forward `PONG` handler
Fluent Bit is a fast and lightweight logs, metrics, and traces processor for Linux, BSD, macOS, and Windows. From 0.11.0 until 5.0.8, plugins/out_forward/forward.c secure_forward_pong copies the server-controlled PONG[2] reason into the 32-byte stack buffer m…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-84383 Public exploit
libheif: Heap buffer overflow in `scale_nearest_neighbor()` via duplicate Alpha planes from nested `iden`/`auxl` items
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.22.0 until 1.23.2, a crafted HEIF, HEIC, or AVIF item graph using nested iden and auxl references can make HeifPixelImage::transfer_channel_from_image_as() append duplicate Alpha planes with d…
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Critical 9.1
Imager::File::PNG versions from 1.003 before 1.004 for Perl write past the end of the row buffer reading a PNG with a tRNS transparency chunk in read_direct8
Imager::File::PNG versions from 1.003 before 1.004 for Perl write past the end of the row buffer reading a PNG with a tRNS transparency chunk in read_direct8. With a tRNS chunk, read_direct8() adds an alpha channel to the image it creates but still sizes the …
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Critical 9.8
SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, psd_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/psd/helpers.c resolves a one-channel PSD in Bitmap color mode to S…
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Critical 9.8
SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXE…
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Critical 9.8
libwebsockets HTTP/2 HPACK Path Header Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
libwebsockets HTTP/2 HPACK Path Header Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of libwebsockets. Authentication is not required to exploit …
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Critical 9.8
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access is vulnerable to a buffer overflow attack.
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Critical 9.8
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26…
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Critical 9.1
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8,…
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Critical 9.8
UEFI Firmware Parser: Heap out-of-bounds write in tiano decompressor `ReadCLen`
UEFI Firmware Parser parses BIOS, Intel ME, and UEFI firmware structures including volumes, file systems, and files. Prior to 1.14, ReadCLen() in uefi_firmware/compression/Tiano/Decompress.c reads Number from GetBits(Sd, CBIT) with CBIT = 9 and can obtain 511…
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Critical 9.8
UEFI Firmware Parser: Stack out-of-bounds write in tiano decompressor MakeTable
UEFI Firmware Parser parses BIOS, Intel ME, and UEFI firmware structures including volumes, file systems, and files. Prior to 1.14, MakeTable() in uefi_firmware/compression/Tiano/Decompress.c does not validate that bit-length values read from a crafted Tiano …
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Critical 9.0
fs_read_glyphs() heap OOB read/write via encoding array index mismatch in libXfont2
fs_read_glyphs() in the libXfont2 font-server client (src/fc/fserve.c) indexes the per-character encoding[] array using num_chars from the FS_QueryXBitmaps16 reply, but that array was allocated with a size derived from num_extents in the separate FS_QueryXExt…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in Media in Google Chrome prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker to potentially execute a…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in ANGLE in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker to potenti…
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Critical 9.6
Out of bounds write in WebGL in Google Chrome on on Android prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a remote attacker to execute…
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Critical 9.8
Astro: Remote code execution through AVIF image optimization
A vulnerability in `libheif`, used by the default Sharp image service in Astro, can lead to remote code execution when a malicious AVIF image is optimized. Projects are affected when an attacker can cause Astro to process an untrusted AVIF image. The fix was …
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Critical 9.8
Windows Imaging Component Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds write in Windows Imaging Component allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.