Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
3,640 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.7, macOS Ventura 13, wat…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.1, iOS 15.7.1 an…
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High 8.8
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.7, ma…
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High 7.1
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16, iOS 16, watch…
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High 7.8CVE-2022-32947 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, macOS Ventura 13,…
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High 7.8CVE-2022-32932 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.7.1 and iPadOS 15.7.1, iOS 16.1 an…
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High 7.5
X.509 Email Address 4-byte Buffer Overflow
A buffer overrun can be triggered in X.509 certificate verification, specifically in name constraint checking. Note that this occurs after certificate chain signature verification and requires either a CA to have signed the malicious certificate or for the ap…
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High 8.8
Out of bounds write in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 106.0.5249.91 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds…
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High 7.8CVE-2022-42827 Exploited
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.7.1 and iPadOS …
KEV Oct 25, 2022 -
High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, …
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High 8.8
A memory consumption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16, iOS 16, macOS V…
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High 8.8
A memory corruption issue existed in the processing of ICC profiles. This issue was addressed with improved input valid…
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High 8.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and …
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.4, iOS …
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High 8.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 and …
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High 7.5
Nginx NJS v0.7.4 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation in njs_promise_reaction_job. NOTE: the vendor dispu…
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High 7.8
wasm-interp v1.0.29 was discovered to contain a heap overflow via the component std::vector<wabt::Type, std::allocator<…
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High 7.8
Horner Automation's Cscape version 9.90 SP7 and prior does not properly validate user-supplied data. If a user opens a …
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High 7.5
Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a heap overflow vulnerability in the GetParentControlInfo function, whi…
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High 7.5
Tenda AX1803 v1.0.0.1 was discovered to contain a heap overflow in the function GetParentControlInfo.
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High 7.8
Several commands in Brocade Fabric OS before Brocade Fabric OS v.9.0.1e, and v9.1.0 use unsafe string functions to proc…
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High 7.8
A vulnerability in fab_seg.c.h libraries of all Brocade Fabric OS versions before Brocade Fabric OS v9.1.1, v9.0.1e, v8…
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High 8.8
A vulnerability in Brocade Fabric OS CLI before Brocade Fabric OS v9.1.0, 9.0.1e, 8.2.3c, 8.2.0cbn5, 7.4.2.j could allo…
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High 7.7
Multiple heap buffer overflows in tiffcrop.c utility in libtiff library Version 4.4.0 allows attacker to trigger unsafe…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted TGA file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption vulnera…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted TGA file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption vulnera…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted TGA file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruption vulnera…
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High 7.8
A malicious crafted .dwf or .pct file when consumed through DesignReview.exe application could lead to memory corruptio…
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High 7.5
An issue was discovered in Softing OPC UA C++ SDK before 6.10. A buffer overflow or an excess allocation happens due to…
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High 7.0
NGINX ngx_http_hls_module vulnerability CVE-2022-41743
NGINX Plus before versions R27 P1 and R26 P1 have a vulnerability in the module ngx_http_hls_module that might allow a local attacker to corrupt NGINX worker memory, resulting in its crash or potential other impact using a specially crafted audio or video fil…