Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
-
Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
-
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
303 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.2
RClone: Unauthenticated operations/fsinfo allows attacker-controlled backend instantiation and local command execution
Rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Starting in version 1.48.0 and prior to version 1.73.5, the RC endpoint `operations/fsinfo` is exposed without `AuthRequired: true` and accepts attac…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-5760 Public exploit
CVE-2026-5760
SGLang's reranking endpoint (/v1/rerank) achieves Remote Code Execution (RCE) when a model file containing a malcious tokenizer.chat_template is loaded, as the Jinja2 chat templates are rendered using an unsandboxed jinja2.Environment().
-
Critical 9.4CVE-2026-41242 Public exploit
protobufjs has an arbitrary code execution issue
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. In versions prior to 8.0.1, 7.5.5, and 6.11.6, attackers can inject arbitrary code in the "type" fields of protobuf definitions, which will then execute during object decoding using that…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-39842 Public exploit
OpenRemote is Vulnerable to Expression Injection
OpenRemote is an open-source IoT platform. Versions 1.21.0 and below contain two interrelated expression injection vulnerabilities in the rules engine that allow arbitrary code execution on the server. The JavaScript rules engine executes user-supplied script…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-31048 Public exploit
An issue in the <code>pickle</code> protocol of Pyro v3.x allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via supplying a cr…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2024-36057 Public exploit
Koha Library before 23.05.10 fails to sanitize user-controllable filenames prior to unzipping, leading to remote code e…
-
Critical 9.1
GLPI has a Server-Side Template Injection via Double-Compilation
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, template injection by an administrator lead to RCE. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6.
-
Critical 9.8
MetInfo CMS Unauthenticated PHP Code Injection RCE
MetInfo CMS versions 7.9, 8.0, and 8.1 contain an unauthenticated PHP code injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending crafted requests with malicious PHP code. Attackers can exploit insufficient input neutralizat…
-
Critical 9.8
Everest Forms Pro <= 1.9.12 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Calculation Field
The Everest Forms Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via PHP Code Injection in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.12. This is due to the Calculation Addon's process_filter() function concatenating user-submitted form field val…
-
Critical 9.8
Contact Form by Supsystic <= 1.7.36 - Unauthenticated Server-Side Template Injection via Prefill Functionality
The Contact Form by Supsystic plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.36. This is due to the plugin using the Twig `Twig_Loader_String` templa…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-33937 Public exploit
Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion
Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, `Handlebars.compile()` accepts a pre-parsed AST object in addition to a template string. The `value` field of a `NumberLiteral` AST node is emitted…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-27876 Public exploit
RCE on Grafana via sqlExpressions
A chained attack via SQL Expressions and a Grafana Enterprise plugin can lead to a remote arbitrary code execution impact (RCE). This is enabled by a feature in Grafana (OSS), so all users are always recommended to update to avoid future attack vectors going …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-22738 Public exploit
SpEL Injection via Unescaped Filter Key in SimpleVectorStore Leads to Remote Code Execution
In Spring AI, a SpEL injection vulnerability exists in SimpleVectorStore when a user-supplied value is used as a filter expression key. A malicious actor could exploit this to execute arbitrary code. Only applications that use SimpleVectorStore and pass user-…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26831 Public exploit
textract is vulnerable to OS Command Injection
textract through 2.5.0 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via the file path parameter in multiple extractors. When processing files with malicious filenames, the filePath is passed directly to child_process.exec() in lib/extractors/doc.js, rtf.js, dxf.js, …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26830 Public exploit
pdf-image has an OS Command Injection Vulnerability through its pdfFilePath parameter
pdf-image (npm package) through version 2.0.0 allows OS command injection via the pdfFilePath parameter. The constructGetInfoCommand and constructConvertCommandForPage functions use util.format() to interpolate user-controlled file paths into shell command st…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26833 Public exploit
thumbler allows OS Command Injection
thumbler through 1.1.2 allows OS command injection via the input, output, time, or size parameter in the thumbnail() function because user input is concatenated into a shell command string passed to child_process.exec() without proper sanitization or escaping.
-
Critical 9.8
Kali Forms <= 2.4.9 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via form_process
The Kali Forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.9 via the 'form_process' function. This is due to the 'prepare_post_data' function mapping user-supplied keys directly into internal placehold…
-
Critical 9.8
Mesop Affected by Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Test Suite Route /exec-py
Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. In versions 1.2.2 and below, an explicit web endpoint inside the ai/ testing module infrastructure directly ingests untrusted Python code strings unconditionally without authent…
-
Critical 9.3
Langflow has Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Public Flow Build Endpoint
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. In versions prior to 1.9.0, the POST /api/v1/build_public_tmp/{flow_id}/flow endpoint allows building public flows without requiring authentication. When the optional data paramete…
KEV Mar 25, 2026 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-30741 Public exploit
A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in OpenClaw Agent Platform v2026.2.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-59059 Public exploit
Apache Ranger: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in NashornScriptEngineCreator
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in NashornScriptEngineCreator is reported in Apache Ranger versions <= 2.7.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.8.0, which fixes this issue.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-26720 Public exploit
An issue in Twenty CRM v1.15.0 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the local.driver.ts mo…
-
Critical 9.8
Langflow has Remote Code Execution in CSV Agent
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. Prior to version 1.8.0, the CSV Agent node in Langflow hardcodes `allow_dangerous_code=True`, which automatically exposes LangChain’s Python REPL tool (`python_repl_ast`). As a res…
-
Critical 9.4
n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to crea…
-
Critical 9.4CVE-2026-27495 Public exploit
n8n has a Sandbox Escape in its JavaScript Task Runner
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could exploit a vulnerability in the JavaScript Task Runner sandbox to execute arbitrary cod…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-27597 Public exploit
@enclave-vm/core is vulnerable to Sandbox Escape
Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to version 2.11.1, it is possible to escape the security boundraries set by `@enclave-vm/core`, which can be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE). The issue has bee…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-27574 Public exploit
OneUptime: node:vm sandbox escape in probe allows any project member to achieve RCE
OneUptime is a solution for monitoring and managing online services. In versions 9.5.13 and below, custom JavaScript monitor feature uses Node.js's node:vm module (explicitly documented as not a security mechanism) to execute user-supplied code, allowing triv…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-26030 Public exploit
Microsoft Semantic Kernel InMemoryVectorStore filter functionality vulnerable to remote code execution
Semantic Kernel, Microsoft's semantic kernel Python SDK, has a remote code execution vulnerability in versions prior to 1.39.4, specifically within the `InMemoryVectorStore` filter functionality. The problem has been fixed in version `python-1.39.4`. Users sh…
-
Critical 9.8
SPIP Saisies Plugin < 5.11.1 Remote Code Execution
The 'Saisies pour formulaire' (Saisies) plugin for SPIP versions 5.4.0 through 5.11.0 contains a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the server. Users should immediately u…
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-25548 Public exploit
InvoicePlane Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Local File Inclusion and Log Poisoning
InvoicePlane is a self-hosted open source application for managing invoices, clients, and payments. A critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in InvoicePlane 1.7.0 through a chained Local File Inclusion (LFI) and Log Poisoning attack. An aut…
-
Critical 9.8
MajorDoMo Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Admin Console Eval
MajorDoMo (aka Major Domestic Module) allows unauthenticated remote code execution via the admin panel's PHP console feature. An include order bug in modules/panel.class.php causes execution to continue past a redirect() call that lacks an exit statement, all…
-
Critical 9.9CVE-2025-70830 Public exploit
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the Freemarker template engine of Datart v1.0.0-rc.3 allows au…
-
Critical 10.0
Crawl4AI < 0.8.0 Docker API Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Hooks Parameter
Crawl4AI versions prior to 0.8.0 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the Docker API deployment. The /crawl endpoint accepts a hooks parameter containing Python code that is executed using exec(). The __import__ builtin was included in the allowed…
-
Critical 9.2CVE-2025-24293 Public exploit
Active Storage allowed transformation methods that were potentially unsafe
# Active Storage allowed transformation methods potentially unsafe Active Storage attempts to prevent the use of potentially unsafe image transformation methods and parameters by default. The default allowed list contains three methods allow for the circumven…
-
Critical 9.8
A code injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile allowing attackers to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution.
KEV Apr 8, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
A code injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile allowing attackers to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution.
KEV Jan 29, 2026 -
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-24897 Public exploit
Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Upload
Erugo is a self-hosted file-sharing platform. In versions up to and including 0.2.14, an authenticated low-privileged user can upload arbitrary files to any specified location due to insufficient validation of user‑supplied paths when creating shares. By spec…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-23830 Public exploit
SandboxJS has Sandbox Escape via Unprotected AsyncFunction Constructor
SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Versions prior to 0.8.26 have a sandbox escape vulnerability due to `AsyncFunction` not being isolated in `SandboxFunction`. The library attempts to sandbox code execution by replacing the global `Function` constr…
-
Critical 9.8
Langflow code Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Langflow code Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Langflow. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exist…
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2026-23947 Public exploit
Orval MCP client is vulnerable to code injection via unsanitized x-enum-descriptions in enum generation
Orval generates type-safe JS clients (TypeScript) from any valid OpenAPI v3 or Swagger v2 specification. Versions prior to 7.19.0 until 8.0.2 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution in environments consuming generated clients. This issue is similar in natu…