Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,297 results · Feed
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High 8.8
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Critical 9.6
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Medium 5.4
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Medium 6.3
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High 7.2
CubeCart: Authenticated RCE via Invoice Template → Order Print
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Critical 9.1
CubeCart: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Smarty Templates leading to RCE
CubeCart is an ecommerce software solution. Prior to 6.7.0, an Authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in multiple modules of CubeCart (including Email Templates, Invoices, Documents, and Contact Forms). The application unsafe…
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Critical 9.1
CubeCart: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Smarty Templates leading to RCE
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High 7.3
Prisma Browser: Code Injection Enables Security Controls Bypass
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Critical 10.0
vm2: Sandbox escape
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. From 3.9.6 to 3.10.5, vm2's bridge exposes mutable proxies for real host-realm intrinsic prototypes and then forwards sandbox writes into the underlying host objects with otherReflectSet() and otherReflectDefinePr…
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Critical 10.0
vm2: Sandbox Escape
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, It is possible to reach BaseHandler.getPrototypeOf, which can be used to get arbitrary prototypes. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
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Critical 10.0
vm2: Sandbox Escape
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, it is possible to obtain the host Object. There are various ways to use the host Object, to escape the sandbox, one example would be using HostObject.getOwnPropertySymbols to obtain Symbol(nodejs.…
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High 8.7
protobufjs-cli: Code injection in pbjs static output from crafted schema names
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High 7.7
protobufjs: Code injection through bytes field defaults in generated toObject code
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High 8.1
protobufjs: Code generation gadget after prototype pollution
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Critical 10.0
ChurchCRM: Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-39337: Unauthenticated RCE in Setup Wizard via unsanitized DB_PASSWORD
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High 7.2
A Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Claris FileMaker Cloud allowed a user with Admin Console privileges to bypass …
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Medium 6.5
Advanced Custom Fields: Extended <= 0.9.2.3 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution
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Critical 9.4
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High 8.1
SPIP < 4.4.14 Remote Code Execution via nginx
SPIP versions prior to 4.4.14 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the public space that is limited to certain nginx configurations, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code in the context of the web server. Attackers can exploit this vulnerab…
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High 8.8
SPIP < 4.4.14 Remote Code Execution via Private Space
SPIP versions prior to 4.4.14 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the private space that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in the context of the web server. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to achieve code execution that bypasses…
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High 8.8
AntSword: Incomplete noxss() sanitization leads to 1-click RCE via jquery.terminal format code injection
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Critical 9.9
Microsoft Dynamics 365 On-Premises Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Microsoft Dynamics 365 (on-premises) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 8.8
Microsoft Data Formulator Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Microsoft Data Formulator allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Medium 4.3
Code Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server ABAP for SAP NetWeaver and ABAP Platform
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Critical 9.8
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Critical 9.8
PySyft server-side arbitrary Python execution after code approval
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Critical 9.8
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Critical 9.8
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Critical 9.8
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Critical 9.8
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High 8.8
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Critical 9.8
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Critical 9.8
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High 7.2
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High 7.8
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High 8.8
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OWASP BLT is a QA testing and vulnerability disclosure platform that encompasses websites, apps, git repositories, and more. Prior to 2.1.2, .github/workflows/pre-commit-fix.yaml uses pull_request_target (privileged trigger) but checks out and executes code d…
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Low 2.4
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Low 2.4
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